Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Grey Havens

2018-04-10T20:01:37Z

Smog: Image correction

{{location infobox
| name=Grey Havens
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Grey Havens.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Grey Havens" by [[Alan Lee]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Mithlond
| location=Western [[Eriador]] on the [[Gulf of Lune]]
| type=Port
| description=An important coastal port, at the mouth of the Lhûn river
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Elves]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Mithlond.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
The '''Grey Havens''', also known as '''Mithlond''', was a seaport on the [[Gulf of Lune]] at the mouth of the River [[Lhûn]] in western [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref>

== History ==
Founded by the [[Elves of Lindon]] in {{SA|1}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Grey Havens were afterwards used by any of the Elves (whether [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], or [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]]) to leave Middle-earth for [[Valinor]]. [[Círdan]] was Lord of the Havens, but throughout the Second Age [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]], ruled all of [[Lindon]] from the Grey Havens.<ref name="SA"/>

In {{SA|600}}, ''[[Entulessë]]'', a [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ship headed by [[Captain of the King's Ships|Captain]] [[Vëantur]], arrived in Mithlond. It was the first time the Númenóreans landed in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="B1">{{App|B1}}, entry "600"</ref><ref name="Island">{{UT|Island}}</ref>

About {{TA|1000}} the [[Istari]] or Wizards arrived in [[Middle-earth]] at the Grey Havens. Círdan, upon meeting [[Gandalf]], gave him [[Narya]], the Elven Ring of Fire.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

In {{TA|1975}}, Prince [[Eärnur]] of [[Gondor]] brought a Gondorian fleet to the Grey Havens to aid [[Arthedain]] [[Angmar War|against]] [[Angmar]]. The fleet was so massive that the ships of Gondor filled the Grey Havens, as well as [[Forlond]] and [[Harlond]].<ref name="AppA">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

In {{TA|3018}},<ref name="TA"/> Círdan sent [[Galdor of the Havens]] "on an errand" to [[Rivendell]] and he became Círdan's representative at the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

Following the defeat of [[Sauron]] and the crowning of King [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]] in the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]], and [[Galadriel]] left [[Middle-earth]] for [[Valinor]] from the Grey Havens. The [[Last Riding of the Keepers]] was accompanied by [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Frodo Baggins]], who were given the honor of taking the [[Straight Road]] because they had both been a [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]].<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> Years later [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairn]] family tradition held that [[Samwise Gamgee]] in {{FoA|61}} also sailed [[Aman|West]] from the Grey Havens because he too had been a Ring-bearer, even if just briefly.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>.

It is unclear how long the Grey Havens lasted into the [[Fourth Age]], as the number of Elves dwindled with the coming of the "Age of Men". Supposedly Círdan remained at the Havens until the last ship left from Middle-earth for the [[Aman|Blessed Realm]].

== Etymology ==
''Mithlond'' translates as "Grey Havens" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[mith]]'' "grey" and ''[[lond]]'' "harbour").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 28</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Grey Havens|Images of Grey Havens]]

== External Links ==
* [http://www.lotrlibrary.com/agesofarda/beyondgreyhavens.asp Beyond the Grey Havens], an essay on the end of ''[[The Return of the King]]''

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[Category:Lindon]]
[[de:Graue Anfurten]]
[[fi:Harmaat Satamat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/lindon/havres_gris]]

Grey Havens

2018-04-10T20:01:09Z

Smog: Typo correction; removal of reference to Legolas and Gimli, who sailed not from Mithlond but from Ithilien and down the Anduin as per Appendix B; switched to image which contains imagery of the Havens themselves.

{{location infobox
| name=Grey Havens
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Alan Lee - Grey Havens.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Grey Havens" by [[Alan Lee]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Mithlond
| location=Western [[Eriador]] on the [[Gulf of Lune]]
| type=Port
| description=An important coastal port, at the mouth of the Lhûn river
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Elves]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Mithlond.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
The '''Grey Havens''', also known as '''Mithlond''', was a seaport on the [[Gulf of Lune]] at the mouth of the River [[Lhûn]] in western [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref>

== History ==
Founded by the [[Elves of Lindon]] in {{SA|1}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Grey Havens were afterwards used by any of the Elves (whether [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], or [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]]) to leave Middle-earth for [[Valinor]]. [[Círdan]] was Lord of the Havens, but throughout the Second Age [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]], ruled all of [[Lindon]] from the Grey Havens.<ref name="SA"/>

In {{SA|600}}, ''[[Entulessë]]'', a [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ship headed by [[Captain of the King's Ships|Captain]] [[Vëantur]], arrived in Mithlond. It was the first time the Númenóreans landed in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="B1">{{App|B1}}, entry "600"</ref><ref name="Island">{{UT|Island}}</ref>

About {{TA|1000}} the [[Istari]] or Wizards arrived in [[Middle-earth]] at the Grey Havens. Círdan, upon meeting [[Gandalf]], gave him [[Narya]], the Elven Ring of Fire.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

In {{TA|1975}}, Prince [[Eärnur]] of [[Gondor]] brought a Gondorian fleet to the Grey Havens to aid [[Arthedain]] [[Angmar War|against]] [[Angmar]]. The fleet was so massive that the ships of Gondor filled the Grey Havens, as well as [[Forlond]] and [[Harlond]].<ref name="AppA">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

In {{TA|3018}},<ref name="TA"/> Círdan sent [[Galdor of the Havens]] "on an errand" to [[Rivendell]] and he became Círdan's representative at the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

Following the defeat of [[Sauron]] and the crowning of King [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]] in the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]], and [[Galadriel]] left [[Middle-earth]] for [[Valinor]] from the Grey Havens. The [[Last Riding of the Keepers]] was accompanied by [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Frodo Baggins]], who were given the honor of taking the [[Straight Road]] because they had both been a [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]].<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> Years later [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairn]] family tradition held that [[Samwise Gamgee]] in {{FoA|61}} also sailed [[Aman|West]] from the Grey Havens because he too had been a Ring-bearer, even if just briefly.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>.

It is unclear how long the Grey Havens lasted into the [[Fourth Age]], as the number of Elves dwindled with the coming of the "Age of Men". Supposedly Círdan remained at the Havens until the last ship left from Middle-earth for the [[Aman|Blessed Realm]].

== Etymology ==
''Mithlond'' translates as "Grey Havens" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[mith]]'' "grey" and ''[[lond]]'' "harbour").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 28</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Grey Havens|Images of Grey Havens]]

== External Links ==
* [http://www.lotrlibrary.com/agesofarda/beyondgreyhavens.asp Beyond the Grey Havens], an essay on the end of ''[[The Return of the King]]''

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[Category:Lindon]]
[[de:Graue Anfurten]]
[[fi:Harmaat Satamat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/lindon/havres_gris]]

User:Smog

2018-03-28T21:27:59Z

Smog:

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===Introduction===
Hello, and welcome to my profile. My name is Art, and I am a linguist and devoted student of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work. I currently live in St. Louis, Missouri where I work as an editor and writer. Outside of work, I cosplay, play video games (old school RPGs, [[Lord of the Rings Online]], and other various MMOs as they get released), bowl, write, and play board games and tabletop RPGs with my friends.
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===Focus and Areas of Interest===
I attended graduate school for linguistics, with my focus being in Tolkien's works: primarily the development and evolution of his languages throughout the periods discussed in the early [[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]] volumes. My main interests, and the bulk of my writing, concerns the creation of his mythos as an elaborative space for his languages, and the composition and syntax of the songs, music, and poetry that play such an important role throughout his writings.

Beyond [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]], my expertise lies in the histories and songs concerning the [[Years of the Lamps]], [[Years of the Trees]], and the [[First Age]]. I have a certain obsession with the [[Ainulindalë (song)|Ainulindalë]] and the [[Two Trees of Valinor]]. If you have any questions regarding the languages of the [[Eldar]], the creation story of [[Eä]], or the times prior to the [[Downfall of Númenor]], don't hesitate to contact me!
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===Contact Information===
* '''Email:''' {{nospam|apitch85|yahoo.com}}
* '''IRC:''' Smog on irc.tolkiengateway.net
* Or always on my [[User_talk:Smog|talk page]].
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
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===What I Do Here===
Mainly small edits, grammar corrections, redirects, and general cleanup. My personal belief is that the Gateway should be as efficient and organized as possible, so most of my time is spent to that end. I also keep an eye on most of the articles concerning my particular interests mentioned above. As I work full-time and do a fair amount of my own writing and research, my spare time is limited and I am not able to contribute to the Gateway as much as I might prefer.
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===Current Projects===
* See [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects]]
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===Random Facts===
* I strongly believe that [[Tom Bombadil]] is the embodiment and "echo" of the Ainulindalë.
* My favorite characters are Tom Bombadil, [[Glorfindel]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]], and [[Tuor]].
* I do not, at all, understand the [[Balrog]] wing debate. They're [[Maiar]], and can take whatever form they choose, so why would we assume they all look identical? And even if they do have wings, which [[Durin's Bane]] is clearly described as having, that doesn't mean they're functional. Giant, flaming shadow wings are scary, yes?
* I enjoy the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]], despite their omission of my favorite characters.
* Despite their many problems, I also hesitantly enjoy [[The Hobbit (film series)]], if only for their larger inclusion of canonical music and material from the [[Appendices]].
* I plan on getting tattoos of [[Telperion]], [[Laurelin]], and the [[Silmarils]] if I can ever find an artist capable of mocking them up to match my image of them.
* Before I die, I want to sail west from the U.K. to Ireland in an Elvish-style boat that I build myself.
* My girlfriend and I have eight cats, who we would feed before we fed ourselves if it came down to it.
* I maintain around a 200 average in league bowling, which I participate in when I can spare the time.
* No, my name is not a poorly spelled reference to [[Smaug]].
* I shamelessly ripped off [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]'s user page format.
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<center>
{{Maiar infobox
|image=[[Image:Smog.jpg|250px]]
|name=Smog
|othernames=Art P.
|birth=October 12th, 1985
|gender=Male
|height=6'0"
|hair=Brown
|eyes=Green
}}
</center>
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''<small>Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow,''<br />
''Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.''<br />
''None has ever caught him yet, for Tom, he is the master:''<br />
''His songs are stronger songs, and his feet are faster.</small>''

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[[Category:IRC users|Smog]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]

Moriquendi

2018-03-28T21:21:13Z

Smog: Added to the Elven peoples category (Calaquendi already included)

{{quote|Those Elves the [[Calaquendi]] call the Úmanyar, since they came never to the land of Aman and the Blessed Realm; but the Úmanyar and the Avari alike they call the Moriquendi, Elves of the Darkness, for they never beheld the Light that was before the Sun and Moon.|''[[The Silmarillion]]''<ref>{{S|3}}</ref>}}

The '''Moriquendi''' (singular ''Moriquende'') were the '''Elves of Darkness''', who did not behold the Light of the [[Two Trees of Valinor]].

The term usually referred to the [[Avari]], the [[Elves]] that did not join the [[Great Journey]] over the sea and remained in the [[East]] or passed the [[Blue Mountains]] and lingered on the shores of Middle-earth. However the term included also the [[Úmanyar]] ("Those not of [[Aman]]"), the [[Eldar]] who originally started on the journey but for some reason did not finish it. Those were typically [[Sindar]] and [[Nandor]].

An exception to this categorization was King [[Thingol]], who had been in [[Valinor]] as an ambassador of the Elves, and saw the Light. Though he did not complete the journey, and therefore considered one of the ''Úmanyar'', he was not a Dark Elf.

Out of the 144 unbegotten Elves to awaken at [[Cuiviénen]], 82 chose to remain and thus became the forefathers of the Moriquendi, outnumbering the population of the [[Amanyar]].<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}</ref><ref group=note>In other words, the Dark Elves consisted of the 57% of the Unbegotten Elven population in the beginning of days.</ref>

The term "'''Dark Elf'''" seems to hold an additional special (not explained) meaning, as it is given as a special title of [[Eöl]] of [[Nan Elmoth]]. It is also used as an insult by the [[Sons of Fëanor]] to King Thingol (which is incorrect, since Thingol alone of the Sindar was reckoned under the Calaquendi).

==Inspiration==

In Norse mythology, there are the [[Light-elves|Light Elves]] (''[[Wikipedia:Light elves|Ljósálfar]]'') and the Dark Elves (''Dökkálfar'' or ''[[Wikipedia:Svartálfar|Svartálfar]]''), a tradition which was well known to [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].<ref>{{HM|SG}}, "Appendix A: Origins of the Legend", p. 359</ref>
{{references|note}}

{{elves}}
[[Category:Elves]]
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Moriquendi]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/moriquendi]]
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User:Smog

2018-03-26T19:09:49Z

Smog:

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===Introduction===
Hello, and welcome to my profile. My name is Art, and I am a linguist and devoted student of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work. I currently live in St. Louis, Missouri where I work as a writer. Outside of school, I cosplay, play video games (old school RPGs, [[Lord of the Rings Online]], and other various MMOs as they get released), bowl, write, and play board games and tabletop RPGs with my friends.
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===Focus and Areas of Interest===
I attended graduate school for linguistics with my primary focus being in Tolkien's works: primarily the evolution of his languages throughout the periods discussed in the early [[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]] volumes. My main interests, and the bulk of my writing, concerns the creation of his mythos as an elaborative space for his languages, and the composition and syntax of the songs, music, and poetry that play such an important role throughout his writings.

Beyond [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]], my expertise lies in the histories and songs concerning the [[Years of the Lamps]], [[Years of the Trees]], and the [[First Age]]. I have a certain obsession with the [[Ainulindalë (song)|Ainulindalë]] and the [[Two Trees of Valinor]]. If you have any questions regarding the languages of the [[Eldar]], the creation story of [[Eä]], or the times prior to the [[Downfall of Númenor]], don't hesitate to contact me!
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<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Contact Information===
* '''Email:''' {{nospam|apitch85|yahoo.com}}
* '''IRC:''' Smog on irc.tolkiengateway.net
* Or always on my [[User_talk:Smog|talk page]].
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===What I Do Here===
Mainly small edits, grammar corrections, redirects, and general cleanup. My personal belief is that the Gateway should be as efficient and organized as possible, so most of my time is spent to that end. I also keep an eye on most of the articles concerning my particular interests mentioned above. As I work full-time and do a fair amount of my own writing and research, my spare time is limited and I am not able to contribute to the Gateway as much as I might prefer.
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Current Projects===
* See [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects]]
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Random Facts===
* I strongly believe that [[Tom Bombadil]] is the embodiment and "echo" of the Ainulindalë.
* My favorite characters are Tom Bombadil, [[Glorfindel]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]], and [[Tuor]].
* I do not, at all, understand the [[Balrog]] wing debate. They're [[Maiar]], and can take whatever form they choose, so why would we assume they all look identical? And even if they do have wings, which [[Durin's Bane]] is clearly described as having, that doesn't mean they're functional. Giant, flaming shadow wings are scary, yes?
* I enjoy the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]], despite their omission of my favorite characters.
* Despite their many problems, I also hesitantly enjoy [[The Hobbit (film series)]], if only for their larger inclusion of canonical music and material from the [[Appendices]].
* I plan on getting tattoos of [[Telperion]], [[Laurelin]], and the [[Silmarils]] if I can ever find an artist capable of mocking them up to match my image of them.
* Before I die, I want to sail west from the U.K. to Ireland in an Elvish-style boat that I build myself.
* My girlfriend and I have eight cats, who we would feed before we fed ourselves if it came down to it.
* I maintain around a 200 average in league bowling, which I participate in when I can spare the time.
* No, my name is not a poorly spelled reference to [[Smaug]].
* I shamelessly ripped off [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]'s user page format.
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<center>
{{Maiar infobox
|image=[[Image:Smog.jpg|250px]]
|name=Smog
|othernames=Art P.
|birth=October 12th, 1985
|gender=Male
|height=6'0"
|hair=Brown
|eyes=Green
}}
</center>
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!align=center bgcolor=#d1d1d1|[[Tolkien Gateway:Userboxes|Badges]]
|-
|{{user lore-4}}

|-
|{{user Elves}}

|-
|{{user good}}

|-
|{{user balrogwings}}

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|{{user dagor-yes}}

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|{{user entwives4}}

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|{{user TSmember}}

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''<small>Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow,''<br />
''Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.''<br />
''None has ever caught him yet, for Tom, he is the master:''<br />
''His songs are stronger songs, and his feet are faster.</small>''

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[[Category:IRC users|Smog]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]

User:Smog

2017-07-04T00:13:27Z

Smog: Finally added a profile picture, years later.

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===Introduction===
Hello, and welcome to my profile. I'm Smog, and I am a devoted student of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work. I currently live in St. Louis, Missouri where I go to school as well as work as a T.A. for my department. Outside of school, I play video games (old school RPGs, [[Lord of the Rings Online]], and other various MMOs as they get released), bowl, write, and play board games or tabletop RPGs with my friends.
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===Focus and Areas of Interest===
I am currently working on my graduate degree with my primary focus in Tolkien's work: mainly the early [[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]] volumes. My main interests, and the bulk of my writing, concerns the creation of his mythos, and the songs, music, and poetry that play such an important role throughout his writings. My expertise lies in anything concerning the [[Years of the Lamps]] and [[Years of the Trees]]. My [[First Age]] lore is better than most and (compared to other Tolkien scholars) I'm out of my league concerning the [[Second Age]] or beyond. I have a certain obsession with the [[Ainulindalë (song)|Ainulindalë]] and the [[Two Trees of Valinor]]. If you have any questions regarding the creation story of [[Eä]] or the times before the [[Years of the Sun]], don't hesitate to contact me!
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
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===Contact Information===
* '''Email:''' {{nospam|apitch85|yahoo.com}}
* '''IRC:''' Smog on irc.tolkiengateway.net
* Or always on my [[User_talk:Smog|talk page]].
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===What I Do Here===
Mainly small edits, grammar corrections, redirects, and general cleanup. My personal belief is that the Gateway should be as efficient and organized as possible, so most of my time is spent to that end. I also keep an eye on most of the articles concerning my particular interests mentioned above. As I am still a full-time student, as well as an instructor, my spare time is limited, so I am not currently able to devote as much time as I would like to the Gateway.
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===Current Projects===
* See [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects]]
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===Random Facts===
* I strongly believe that [[Tom Bombadil]] is the embodiment and echo of the Ainulindalë.
* My favorite characters are Tom Bombadil, [[Glorfindel]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]], and [[Tuor]].
* I hesitantly enjoy the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]], despite their omission of both Tom Bombadil and Glorfindel.
* Despite their many problems, I also hesitantly enjoy [[The Hobbit (film series)]], if only for their larger inclusion of canonical music.
* I plan on getting a tattoo of [[Telperion]] and [[Laurelin]] (one on each calf) the day after I receive my Ph.D. and a tattoo of the [[Silmarils]] the day after I am hired on to a tenure track professorship position.
* Before I die, I want to sail west from the U.K. to Ireland in an Elvish-style boat that I build myself.
* My girlfriend and I have several cats, who we would feed before we fed ourselves if it came down to it.
* I maintain around a 200 average in league bowling, which I participate in year-round with my friends.
* No, my name is not a poorly spelled reference to [[Smaug]].
* I shamelessly ripped off [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]'s user page format.
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{{Maiar infobox
|image=[[Image:Smog.jpg|250px]]
|name=Smog
|othernames=Art P.
|birth=October 12th, 1985
|death=Date unknown, [[Valinor]]
|race=Vanyar
|gender=Male
|height=6'0"
|hair=Blonde
|eyes=Green
}}
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''<small>Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow,''<br />
''Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.''<br />
''None has ever caught him yet, for Tom, he is the master:''<br />
''His songs are stronger songs, and his feet are faster.</small>''

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[[Category:IRC users|Smog]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]

File:Smog.jpg

2017-07-04T00:11:37Z

Smog: Profile picture

Profile picture

Glorfindel

2016-09-14T18:23:14Z

Smog: Added Westron to languages

{{sources}}{{noldor infobox
| name=Glorfindel
| image=[[File:Venlian - Glorfindel Before the Storm.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Glorfindel Before the Storm" by [[:Category:Images by Venlian|Venlian]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Laurefindil]]''
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Golden Flower]]
| position=
| location=[[Aman]], [[Gondolin]], [[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=during [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Aman]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|510}}
| deathlocation=[[Gondolin]] (then re-embodied); sent back to [[Middle-earth]] in c. {{SA|1600}}<ref>{{PM|XIII}}</ref>
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of the Golden Flower]]
| parentage= Unknown. See [[#Parentage|below]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Long golden<ref name="flight">{{FR|Flight}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Asfaloth]]
}}
{{Pronounce|Glorfindel.mp3|Ardamir}}

{{quote|'''Glorfindel''' was tall and straight; his hair was of shining gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his hand was strength.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], ''[[Many Meetings]]''}}
'''Glorfindel''' ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden haired", pron. {{IPA|[ɡlorˈfindel]}})<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}, page 17.</ref> was one of the mightiest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Third Age]]. He was distinctive because of his return to [[Middle-earth]] after death, acting as an emissary of the [[Valar]], on a similar mission to the [[Istari]] who were to come several thousand years later.

==History==
===Early History===

Glorfindel was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]]. He was of the host of [[Turgon]]. Glorfindel himself was reluctant; only for his allegiance and kinship with Turgon did he go, and had no part in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].

===Gondolin===

After the [[Exile of the Noldor]] Glorfindel’s history is obscure. As a great follower of Turgon he was appointed chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim|Twelve Houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. He was dearly loved by all the [[Gondolindrim]], and went about in a mantle embroidered in threads of gold, diapered with celandine "as a field in spring". His vambraces were [[Uncommon words#damask|damascened]] with "cunning gold".

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'']]
He followed [[Turgon]] who surprisingly came to fight in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. When the war turned against the [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]], Turgon's and [[Fingon]]'s forces retreated to the [[Pass of Sirion]] and Glorfindel with [[Ecthelion]] guarded their flanks.<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

He witnessed the coming of [[Tuor]] and later the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. During the ensuing battle in the streets, Glorfindel chose (or was ordered) to hold the [[Great Market]] from the advancing [[orcs]]. He attempted to flank them, taking the enemy by surprise, but was himself ambushed and surrounded. Cut off, the House of the Golden Flower fought on fiercely for hours, until a fire-breathing [[Dragons|dragon]] came and leveled their ranks. Glorfindel, with some of the strongest of his followers, cut his way out, but the survivors of that battle were very few. Even then they were pursued and might have all been killed, but the [[House of the Harp]] arrived in time, after rebelling from their treacherous leader [[Salgant]], ambushing their pursuers. The Golden Flower arrived at the [[Square of the King]], one of the last of the Houses to be driven in.

As many of the lords had fallen, [[Ecthelion]] was wounded, [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]] was engaged, and [[Egalmoth]] had not yet arrived, Glorfindel joined Tuor in leading the defense of the King’s Square. When Egalmoth arrived, bringing with him many women and children, he took over Glorfindel’s job in going from place to place, strengthening the defenses. Glorfindel presumably threw himself once more into the thick of the fight. But even he could not prevent a dragon from coming down from the [[Alley of Roses]], breaking through their lines. The dragon was accompanied by orcs and balrogs, among them [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]. Even Tuor was thrown down, but Ecthelion sacrificed himself to kill Gothmog and buy the Gondolindrim a little more time. When the Gondolindrim fled southward, and King Turgon was slain, Glorfindel held the rear manfully, losing many more of his House in the process. After they had escaped Gondolin via [[Idril's secret way]], and passed through the [[Cirith Thoronath]], Glorfindel again held the rear with the largest number of the unwounded.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin'']]It was at that time that a balrog and a contingent of orcs ambushed their company. Glorfindel there accomplished his greatest deed, for he saved the lives of Tuor, [[Idril]], and all the company when he defied the balrog. They fought long. According to ''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]'' Glorfindel stabbed it in the belly, but as the balrog fell it reached out and grabbed his long golden hair, pulling him back down over the edge of the cliff. He perished in the fall, but his body was borne up by [[Thorondor]], and buried him with a mound of stones in the pass. On that mound grew yellow flowers (possibly celandine), despite its remote location.

===Re-embodiment and Return===

Glorfindel’s spirit passed to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where he waited with the spirits of the other Noldor who had died during their war against [[Morgoth]]. But because of Glorfindel’s noble actions in life, his reluctance at the Exile, and his furthering of the purposes of the Valar by saving Tuor and Idril, he was re-embodied after only a short time. He had redeemed himself, and was purged of any guilt. Not only did his sacrifice get him an early pardon, it earned him great powers, so that he was almost an equal to the [[Maiar]].<ref name="PoME-LW">{{PM|Last}}, "Glorfindel I & II"</ref>

Eventually, [[Manwë]] sent him across the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Middle-earth]], possibly as early as [[Second Age 1200]], but more likely in [[Second Age 1600|1600]] with the [[Blue Wizards]]. If the latter date, he arrived just after [[the One Ring]] had been forged, [[Barad-dûr]] built, and [[Celebrimbor]] dead or soon to be so. While the Blue Wizards were sent to the east, Glorfindel’s mission was to aid [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] in the struggle against [[Sauron]]. He played a prominent behind-the-scenes role in the war in [[Eriador]] and the other struggles of the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]]. His part, though great, was mostly overlooked by the histories, because his immense, angelic power was not usually displayed openly.<ref name="PoME-LW" />

===Third Age===

[[File:Anna Lee - Glorfindel.jpg|thumb|left|[[Anna Lee]] - ''Glorfindel'']] Glorfindel spent several hundred years in Valinor and for an unknown reason, near {{TA|1000}}, he landed with [[Gandalf|Olórin]]<ref name="PoME-LW">{{PM|Last}}, "Glorfindel I & II", pp. 377</ref>, who was on a similar mission of his own. Over time, as the few remaining great Elves of Middle-earth took ship to Aman or fell one by one, only [[Galadriel]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elrond]], and [[Círdan]] were left of the Wise. Glorfindel took a more active role, leading the Elven forces in the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Upon the humiliation of [[Eärnur]] before the [[Witch-king]], Glorfindel bade him not pursue, and prophesied that the wraith would not fall by the hand of man. Not much can be said about his deeds and role in the events and struggles of the [[Westlands]] before the [[War of the Ring]].

During the War, he was one of the elves dispatched from [[Rivendell]] by Elrond to search for the [[Ring-bearer]]. Elrond had chosen him partially because Glorfindel did not fear the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], as he had great presence in both the [[Seen]] and [[Unseen]] worlds. While on his perilous mission the Ringwraiths avoided him; he met five of them, and they fled at his presence. It was Glorfindel indeed who accomplished his mission and found the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and his friend [[Aragorn]] with him. Glorfindel put Frodo on his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and upon the approach of the Ringwraiths ordered him to go on. The white horse bore Frodo to safety across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, in a rash act of attempted heroism, turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. Glorfindel, expecting the flood that protected Rivendell to come down and smite the riders, revealed his power to the Riders, and drove them (willingly or not) into the River, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.

After this adventure, he helped bear Frodo to Rivendell, where the wounded Ringbearer was tended to. Glorfindel attended the [[Council of Elrond]], playing an active role in the conversation, speaking prophetically of [[Tom Bombadil]] and other matters with authority. Glorfindel stood beside Elrond and Gandalf as the backbone of the Council, laying out clearly their options. At first Glorfindel suggested that the Ring would be safe in the depths of the Sea, but the far-sighted Gandalf noted the change of landscapes, and the unforeseen possibilities that could bring the Ring forth once more in a hundred or even a thousand years in the future. He was briefly considered as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], but as his friend Gandalf said, Glorfindel's power would be of little use against the might of [[Mordor]], on a mission of secrecy.

[[File:Ulla Thynell - Glorfindel.jpg|300px|thumb|Ulla Thynell - ''Glorfindel'']]
During the [[War of the Ring]] nothing is said of Glorfindel. Whatever his role, he survived and joined Elrond's company to the [[Wedding of Elessar]]. After that no more is said of him. Like Olórin, his task in Middle-earth was done, and the age of the [[Elves]] was over. He probably passed West, perhaps with the bearers of the [[Three Rings]] and [[the One Ring]]. Or he may have remained for a time in Middle-earth to oversee the cleanup after the war.

==Attributes==

Glorfindel was an elf of great beauty, power, wisdom, and moral courage. He was clearly loved by the people of [[Gondolin]], who mourned his passing greatly. He acted most courageously during the Fall, his House being among those that suffered the greatest losses, and eventually giving his own life for the safety of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], accomplishing the designs of the Valar, though it was said that he "''would have defended them even had they been fugitives of any rank''". He was repentant of the rebellion of the Noldor, and took no part in the Kinslaying. His acts in the Third Age also show great presence and authority, as does the very fact that he was sent as an emissary of the Valar.

==Etymology==

''Glorfindel'' means ([[Sindarin|S]] "golden haired", pron. [ɡlorˈfindel]). It is the [[Sindarin]] calque of '''[[Laurefindil]]'''<ref name="PE17"/> ([[Quenya|Q]]: "golden head of hair", pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈfindil]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌlaʊreˈɸindil]}}), which is made up of two components; ''[[laure]]'' means "golden color" and ''findil'' or ''findilë'' means "head of hair".

==Controversy==

Some have questioned whether Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same. While writing the ''Lord of the Rings'' Tolkien simply borrowed a name from his earlier [[legendarium]], something he was known to do. ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', published posthumously, cast some light on this issue. Among the ''[[Last Writings]]'' published in that volume, there are two long essays, ''Glorfindel I'' and ''Glorfindel II''. These were written later in life by Tolkien, and directly addressed whether the two Glorfindels were the same person. Both essays clearly indicated that they were the same person, and included a detailed discussion of 're-embodiment' in Tolkien's mythology.

{{quote|. . . At any rate what at first sight may seem the simplest solution must be abandoned: sc. that we have merely a reduplication of names, and that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were different persons. This repetition of so striking a name, though possible, would not be credible… Also it may be found that acceptance of the identity of Glorfindel of old and of the Third Age will actually explain what is said of him and improve the story. . .|''[[Last Writings]]'', Glorfindel II}}

{{quote|. . . After his purging of any guilt that he had incurred in the rebellion, he was released from Mandos, and Manwë restored him… We may then best suppose that Glorfindel returned during the Second Age, before the ‘shadow’ fell on [[Númenor]]. . .|Ibid.}}

As Tolkien's legendarium was an evolving work that he constantly updated and revised, there will always be some question of "final intent". Some may note that the above-quoted essays were private and not ever published, and thus should not be taken as decisive. Nevertheless the editors of the Tolkien Gateway believe that these essays, combined with Tolkien's published novels, clearly establish that Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel of Rivendell were the same person.

==Parentage==
The narrative doesn't mention Glorfindel's ancestry or parentage, and it is not known whether Tolkien wrote about the subject. Considering his apparent nobility, and his name ''Glorfindel'' ("Golden-haired")<ref name="PE17"/><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> he could be a heritage of a possible Vanyarin intermarriage, as is the case of [[Finarfin]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]] and [[Idril]]. [[Robert Foster]] suggests that he might belong to the [[House of Finarfin]]<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "House of Finarfin"</ref> (although Turgon was of the [[House of Fingolfin]]).

[[Finwë]]’s daughters, [[Findis]] and [[Írimë]], are two characters of the royal Noldorin-Vanyarin family tree about whom almost nothing is known, as well as whether they had descendants, leaving thus space for speculation about the ancestry of characters such as Glorfindel.

==Earlier Versions of the Legendarium==
In a hasty note about the Council of Elrond Tolkien suggested that Glorfindel could tell of his ancestry in Gondolin, but this idea was disbanded.

Glorfindel was originally planned to be part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], in a way taking the place of [[Legolas]]. Tolkien proposed three dates as to his return to Middle-earth: {{TA|1000}}, with [[Gandalf]], {{SA|1200}} and the years following, or {{SA|1600}}. He dropped the first one after some thought, and though he declared the second possible, he favored the last as the most probable.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Glorfindel in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:Glorfindel viv lotr.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
|File:BFME2 - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:Lego The Lord of the Rings The Video Game - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]''
}}
Glorfindel is rarely portrayed like in the book. His role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is too small to be introduced and forgotten - he basically does little else beyond providing fast transport to Rivendell. In the more popular works, his role has been filled by another Elf.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:In this adaptation, the role of Glorfindel was taken by [[Legolas]]. In a simplification of that character, and as a reason for ''his'' coming, he is portrayed as an Elf of Rivendell rather than [[Mirkwood]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears in his original role at the Last Bridge, voiced by [[John Webb]]. Because the part of [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] was cut, the heavily wounded Frodo says the [[Quenya]] greeting ''Elen síla lúmenn' omientielvo'' to him, and Glorfindel replies with Gildor's answer. Glorfindel keeps his two [[Sindarin]] lines, ''A na vedui, Dúnadan!'' and ''Noro lim, noro lim, Asfaloth!'', though he says them with a heavy English accent. Glorfindel's role at the Council of Elrond is omitted. His name is pronounced correctly in the adaptation, but in the credits, his name is pronounced "Glorfindle".

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Glorfindel is a powerful playable character once [[the One Ring|the Ring]] passes the [[Last Bridge]], who leads the Fellowship to [[Rivendell]].

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:To limit the already large number of one-appearance characters, Glorfindel has been omitted in this adaptation as well. [[Peter Jackson]] decided to have [[Arwen]] meet the travelers and then ride on [[Asfaloth]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears on the Last Bridge. He has several Sindarin lines: ''A na vedui, Dúnadan'', like in the book, and ''Mae govannen, mellon'' (which Frodo accurately translates as "Well met, friend"). He comes to the aid of the hobbits at the request of Elrond, who had received news from [[Gildor|a group of Elves travelling near the Shire]] - even though there is no mention of that group earlier in the gameplay. Glorfindel does so in a monotonous voice, and his speech continues without pause. He also uses the lines ''Noro lim, Asfaloth'', though he does not say them to his horse: he says them to Frodo. No actor is specified for this part.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:[[Decipher]] made two [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game|cards]] featuring extra [[Jarl Benzon]] as Glorfindel, one of them being at the Coronation of Elessar.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://scrapbook.theonering.net/scrapbook/movies/characters/other/view/12658|articlename=Glorfindel's Cameo in ROTK!|dated=|website=TORN|accessed=15 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070323204416/http://www.decipher.com/content/2004/04/040504lotrwetafalconer.html|articlename=The Making of the Weta "Book Cards": An Interview With Weta Workshop's Daniel Falconer|dated=5 April 2004|website=Decipher.com (archived)|accessed=15 October 2013}}</ref> He is briefly seen in the film at Aragorn's coronation when Arwen is revealed.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Glorfindel played an important part in this video game, set during the [[War of the Ring]]. Together with [[Glóin]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], Glorfindel fights in several places in northern [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion]]. He is voiced by [[Jason Carter]], and portrayed as white haired. His design was changed to a more movie-accurate version in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. He serves as narrator throughout, and appears in the story itself after the death of [[Arvedui]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Glorfindel can be found in Rivendell just south of the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]]. He has long blond hair and wears a white robe with purple belt. He is involved in some of the book quests for ''Shadows of Angmar''. The player also talks to him after defeating the balrog Thaurlach.

'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Glorfindel is purchasable as an optional player character in DLC character pack 2 for use in free play and on the open world. He is portrayed with light tan hair (rather than yellow blond like Legolas), wears an outfit which is a mix of light blue robe parts and silver armour whilst wearing a light blue cape. He wields a bow of the Galadhrim and also carries a golden Elvish longsword (all Elvish longswords appear gold in the game). Glorfindel is one of the most proficient fighter characters in the game.

==Collectibles==
[[Gentle Giant]] produced a ''Glorfindel Mini Bust'' for [[Comic-Con 2007]], based on Glorfindel's appearance in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|EA's ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'']].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Glorfindel|Images of Glorfindel]]

{{References}}
{{councilofelrond}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

[[de:Glorfindel]]
[[fa:گلورفیندل]]
[[fi:Glorfindel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/glorfindel]]

High elf

2016-09-14T15:27:26Z

Smog: Redirected page to Calaquendi

#REDIRECT [[Calaquendi]]

High-Elves

2016-09-14T15:27:04Z

Smog: Redirected page to Calaquendi

#REDIRECT [[Calaquendi]]

Celebrimbor

2016-09-14T14:38:43Z

Smog: /* Early life */

{{noldor infobox
| name=Celebrimbor
| image=[[File:Angus McBride - Celebrimbor.gif|250px]]
| caption="Celebrimbor" by [[Angus McBride]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Telperinquar]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]])
| titles=Lord of Eregion
| position=
| location=[[Nargothrond]]; [[Eregion]]
| affiliation=[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=During the [[First Age]]<ref name=PMXnotes/>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{SA|1697}}
| deathlocation=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]: [[Ost-in-Edhil]]
| age=2287+
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Fëanor]]
| parentage=[[Curufin]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{Pronounce|Celebrimbor.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Celebrimbor''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˌkeleˈbrimbor]}}) was the son of [[Curufin]],<ref name=PMXnotes>{{PM|XNotes}}</ref>{{rp|318}} fifth son of [[Fëanor]]. Aside from his grandfather, Celebrimbor was the greatest craftsman in the history of [[Middle-earth]], and his forging of the [[Rings of Power]] led to the dominion and eventual downfall of [[Sauron]] in the [[War of the Ring]].

==History==
=== Early life ===
[[Image:Marya Filatova - Celebrimbor.jpg|thumb|left|Marya Filatova - ''Celebrimbor'']]
The early years of Celebrimbor are not known, nor whether he was born in [[Valinor]] (and followed his grandfather into [[Oath of Fëanor|exile]]) or in [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{webcite|author=Mark Fisher|articleurl=http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/c/celebrimbor.html|articlename=Celebrimbor|dated=11 August 2002|website=[[Encyclopedia of Arda]]}}</ref>. His mother is unnamed.<ref name=PMXnotes/>{{rp|318}}

He probably fled to [[Nargothrond]] after the [[Dagor Bragollach]]. However, he took no part in the deeds of Curufin and [[Celegorm]] regarding [[Lúthien]], [[Beren]], and [[Finrod]]. He even repudiated his father's deeds and did not follow him when the two brothers were cast out from Nargothrond by [[Orodreth]].

After the [[sack of Nargothrond]], Celebrimbor lived for a time in [[Gondolin]], where he was a great jewel smith for King [[Turgon]]. He may have created the [[Elessar of Eärendil]], though other accounts name [[Enerdhil]] as the Master Jewelsmith and creator of the [[Elfstone]], who perhaps taught Celebrimbor this art.<ref name="CG">{{UT|6}}</ref>

A legend says that during the Second Age Celebrimbor was in love with [[Galadriel]] who was pained at the state of [[Middle-earth]]. Celebrimbor remade another version of the Elessar at her behest, with less power than the original.<ref name="CG"/>

During the Second Age, he was lord of the elves of [[Ost-in-Edhil]] in [[Eregion]]. He was also the head of the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]], a guild of elven craftsmen. Their skill was so renowned that they gained the admiration and friendship of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Together with the dwarf [[Narvi]], Celebrimbor crafted the [[Doors of Durin]] that guarded the West-gate of the Dwarven kingdom.<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

=== The Rings of Power ===
Around {{SA|1200}}<ref name=AppB1/> a [[Maia]] craftsman called [[Annatar]] (the "Lord of Gifts") arrived at Ost-in-Edhil as an emissary of the [[Valar]], offering his knowledge to the Gwaith-i-Mírdain. This was [[Sauron]], who had come to subvert the elves.

Under the guidance and instruction of Annatar, Celebrimbor and the Gwaith-i-Mírdain made several [[Lesser rings|lesser]] and 16 more powerful rings. A legend says that Celebrimbor gave [[Ring of Thrór|one of those rings]] to [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King]] [[Durin III]] who reigned in [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

Based on knowledge gained from Annatar, Celebrimbor also created by himself [[Three Rings]], the greatest and fairest of the Rings of Power. These rings were thus free of Sauron's corrupting influence, for only Celebrimbor himself touched them. Celebrimbor named the rings [[Vilya]], [[Narya]], and [[Nenya]] after the principal Middle-earth elements of air, fire, and water, respectively.

Around {{SA|1600}}, Sauron secretly forged [[the One Ring]] in [[Orodruin]], which would enable him to rule Middle-earth by claiming dominance over all the Rings of Power and their bearers. Celebrimbor and the Elves felt betrayed when they wore the Rings and defied Sauron by withholding the other rings from him. Celebrimbor then sent the three rings away for safekeeping: Vilya and Narya to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]], and Nenya to [[Galadriel]] in [[Lothlórien]]. He then prepared for [[War of the Elves and Sauron|war]].

===Fight against Sauron and death===
Sauron retaliated by attacking Eregion in {{SA|1695}}, laying waste to the realm. Celebrimbor was captured in the [[Sack of Eregion]], and was forced under torture to disclose where the sixteen were held, but he would not reveal the whereabouts of the three elvish rings. Sauron captured the other rings and used them as instruments of evil in later years, particularly against Men.
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Death of Celebrimbor.jpg|thumb|Abe Papakhian - ''Death of Celebrimbor'']]
Celebrimbor died from his torment in {{SA|1697}},<ref name=AppB1>{{App|B1}}</ref> the last direct descendant of the line of Fëanor. His body, shot with arrows, was hung upon a pole and carried by the forces of Sauron as a banner as they assaulted the Elves.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name '''''Celebrimbor''''' is the [[Sindarin]] translation of his [[Quenya]] father-name '''[[Telperinquar]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌtelpeˈriŋʷkʷar]}}). His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] is unknown. ''Celebrimbor'' consists of ''[[celeb|celebrin]]'' ("silver-like") + ''[[paur|baur]]'' ("fist").<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 42</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In ''The Silmarillion'', Celebrimbor's origin is the son of Curufin who remained in Nargothrond when his father was expelled.<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>

In ''The Peoples of Middle-earth'', there are several notes on Celebrimbor for his oft revised background. One includes that he was a Sinda and descendant of Daeron of Doriath who continued to use his runic script in Eregion.<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>{{rp|297}} Later, he was described as a Noldo survivor of Gondolin, who had been one of Turgon's greatest artificers. He was prideful and had an almost 'dwarvish' obsession with crafts.<ref name=PMXnotes/>{{rp|317}} However, in a note Tolkien put next to a passage in the ''Unfinished Tales'' that described Celebrimbor as a jewel-smith of Gondolin, he wrote, "it would be better 'to make him a descendant of Fëanor'."<ref name=PMXnotes/>{{rp|317}} Another note regarding Celebrimbor, which includes information on the wives and children of Fëanor's sons states that, "Curufin, dearest to his father and chief inheritor of his father's skills, was wedded, and had a son who came with him into exile, though his wife (unnamed) did not."<ref name=PMXnotes/>{{rp|318}}

== Renowned works ==
* The [[Elessar of Eärendil]]
* [[Doors of Durin]] (with [[Narvi]])
* The [[Rings of Power]]
** The [[Nine Rings]] of Men (with [[Annatar]])
** The [[Seven Rings]] of the Dwarves (with [[Annatar]])
** The [[Three Rings]] of the Elves

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>| MIR=[[Míriel]]<br/><small>''d. {{YT|1170}}''</small>|FIN=[[Finwë]]<br/><small>''d. {{YT|1495}}''</small>|IND=[[Indis]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FEA=[[Fëanor]]<br/><small>''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''</small>|FDS=[[Findis]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]<br/><small>''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''</small>|IRM=[[Írimë]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FRF=[[Finarfin]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT|1230}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|587}}''</small>|MAG=[[Maglor]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|CEL=[[Celegorm]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|506}}''</small>|CAR=[[Caranthir]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|506}}''</small>|CUR=[[Curufin]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|506}}''</small>|AMD=[[Amrod]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|538}}''</small>|AMR=[[Amras]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|538}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB='''CELEBRIMBOR'''<br/><small>''d. {{SA|1697}}''</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
'''2014: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'''''
:Celebrimbor plays a major role in the video game, serving as a [[wraith]] who is bound to an [[Undead|undead]] [[Gondorians|Gondorian]] [[Rangers of Ithilien|Ranger]], Talion, by the will of [[Sauron]]. He is voiced by [[Alister Duncan]]. He is also the main protagonist of the ''Bright Lord'' expansion, where he is revealed to have stolen the One Ring from Sauron at some point in the Second Age, and intended to use it to turn the Dark Lord's own weapons against him. However, he is corrupted by the power of the Ring and doomed to never see the Undying Lands. Though he defeats Sauron in battle, Sauron still managed to reclaim the Ring and banish Celebrimbor's spirit to an eternity as a wraith in the Unseen world.

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Celebrimbor|Images of Celebrimbor]].

{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Fëanor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[de:Celebrimbor]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:celebrimbor]]
[[fi:Celebrimbor]]

User talk:Mith/2016

2016-09-12T14:31:36Z

Smog: /* Upload Permissions */

{{talkarchive|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010|2011|2012|2013|2014|2015}}
<table style="border: 1px solid #c0c090; background-color: #f8eaba; width:80%; margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto;"><tr><td rowspan="2">[[Image:Nuvola apps edu languages.png|none|50px|link=]]</td><td><div id="talk" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; clear: both;><big>'''''Welcome to [[User:Mith|Mith]]'s talk page.'''''</big></div></td></tr><tr><td><ul><li>Please [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new}} post your new topic at the ''bottom''] of this page, including a '''<nowiki>==Descriptive heading==</nowiki>'''.</li><li>You should sign and date your posts by inserting "'''<span style="letter-spacing:.2em;"><nowiki>~~</nowiki>~~</span>'''" at the end of them.</li><li>Please indent your posts with "''':'''" if replying to an existing topic (or "'''::'''" if replying to a reply, etc.).</li><li>I will generally respond ''here'' to comments that are posted here, rather than replying via your talk page (or the article talk page, if you are writing to me about an article), so you may want to [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=watch}} watch this page].</li><li>If I have left a message on ''your'' talk page, please continue the discussion there; '''DO NOT''' reply here. This is ensure that discussions do not become fragmented over several talk pages.</li></ul>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new}} '''⇒ Start a new talk topic.''']</td></tr></table>


== Question ==

I would like to have your permission in order to say something to you.May I have it? {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:Yes. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 17:59, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

::I found the phrase ,of films for the awards in this way and that is why i edited this in this way. For example I immitated the phrase ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King'' and by imitating this phrase I builted the phrase ''Peter Jackson's The Desolation of Smaug''. That is Why I put ''Peter Jackson's The Desolation of Smaug'' ''Peter Jackson's An Unexpected Journey'' and ''Peter Jackson's The Battle of the Five Armies''. Did you understeand what i am saying? {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::Thanks for messaging me. I realised what had happened and that you were just copying existing usage on those pages, so I decided to correct the entire page in order to make them correct and consistent. Referring to films as "Peter Jackson's..." is old usage on Tolkien Gateway and should be avoided now - is it not your fault, those pages have not been corrected. Hope this helps! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:16, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

::::In page [[Cate Blanchett]] I found it in that way, so I immitated by coping it.That is Why i edited it in that way.Did you understeand it? {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::I do, but you should've checked the edit to ensure it looked correct. But, you do not need explain your edits to me. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 16:58, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

::::::I didnt know that there is no page about Mike Mizrahi in Wikipedia until I checked it by searching it on Wikipedia. {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::::You should have checked this before adding the link, but well done on so spotting the mistake. You don't need to tell me about your edits, though, as I can see what you've done in RecentChanges. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:09, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

::::::::In case you dont know, Thrain appears only in the [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''.He appears in flasback scene in The Battle of Azanulbizar and in Dol Guldur.All these scenes which include Thrain exist only in the Extended Edition of the second Hobbit film. {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::::::Yes, I do know that. My issue was with the poor sentence construction which you have now fixed. I understand your enthusiasm but you really don't need to keep leaving messages for me here. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 22:24, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

== Mistake ==

You make a mistake.In case you dont know, Mike Mizrahi played Thrain in flasback scene in the [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''.Specifically he portrayed him in [[The Battle of Azanulbizar]].[[Thomas Robins]] played him in the theatrical version.Specifically he portrayed him in Erebor scene (befor the attack of smaug in Erebor) in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''. Moreover, Thrain does not appear in the entire Hobbit film trilogy and to be portrayed at the same time by the same actor.I mean other actor played him in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, other actor played him in The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug.And he appears only in the extended edition of The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug.You should either put Antony Sher and Thomas Robins in this wikitable of the Content '''Cast''' which exists in the page The Hobbit (film series) or remove Thrain from that wikitable entirely. {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:I haven't made a mistake. Many other characters that don't appear in the whole trilogy are on that list, include Dáin, the Goblin-king and the Old Took - Thráin should certainly be on the list and that is why I reverted your edit. A better edit would be to add the other actors who portrayed the character (with sources), not remove it altogether. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:55, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

:From what I've heard, Sher also plays Thráin at the Battle of Azanulbizar, which makes it uncertain if Mizrahi actually even appears in these films in the role at all.--[[User:BalrogTrainer|BalrogTrainer]] 04:14, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

::Page 101 of ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Creatures & Characters]]'' references Mike Mizrahi as the actor, whilst he's also credited with the role at the end credits of ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:25, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

== Page ==

Can you create the talk page [[Talk:Yazneg]]; That because I want to express my opinion about Yazneg.That he probably comes from the Gundabad. {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:I would encourage you to sign up in order to create talk pages. Do you have any evidence for how Yazneg comes from Gundabad? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 17:59, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

::No.I Dont.Or maybe I do. In the appearence he looks like Azog.Don't you think? {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::My opinion doesn't matter unless there is evidence to support it. We only include verifiable information on Tolkie Gateway. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 18:06, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

::::Then don't delete opinion my opinion about Yazneg.That he probably comes from Gundabad.Agree? {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::I do not agree. Your opinion on Yazneg - whether right or wrong - is not relevant to Tolkien Gateway. Unless you can present a source the information cannot go on the page. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:32, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

::::::I would like to explain something.May I? {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::::I removed these two characters from the wikitable about the Cast of the [[The Hobbit (film series)|hobbit film trilogy]] because there is no point.These two characters (Old Took and Lindir) do not have any role in the plot of the hobbit film trilogy.They do not interfere in the plot of the hobbit fil series generally, if you think about it very carefully.Also,Old Took appears in a single scene in the extended editionm of the Hobbit An Unexpected Journey.And moreover, both these characters appear only in the Hobbit An Unexpected Journey, (although Lindir appears in the theatrical edition of the First Hobbit film).But that is not important.The important thing is that they do not have any role in the plot of the hobbit film trilogy.If you think about it ver carefully, you can see it.For this reason I would like these two characters to be removed from the wikitable. {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

::::::::I have to say I agree with this. The "Hobbit" movie trilogy page should probably only include the most significant characters for the whole trilogy... of which Old Took and Lindir certainly are not. I would argue there's no need to include Frodo, either. --[[User:BalrogTrainer|BalrogTrainer]] 03:53, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

::::::::My mistake.About the fact that I didnt sigh it.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 03:52, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

:::::::::I don't care about the Old Took, but I do think Lindir (why I reverted the edit) and Frodo should stay. But thanks for removing them anyway before I had a chance to reply.
:::::::::Frodo is integral to the continuity of this trilogy with the previous one, played by the lead actor of that trilogy - it is his intervention that essentially starts the process of Bilbo telling the story of the trilogy. Lindir is a character from the books (this is Tolkien Gateway not Film Gateway) and his role introruces a significant event in the films in that the Company have left in secret; further, the actor obviously has a significance in terms of fandom and this also needs to be recorded (fandom is something we've always had a view to, hence articles on amateur artists and an websites).
:::::::::A further point on them both. They have more lines than Bifur, Bombur, Girion, Thrór and (in theatrical versions) Thráin. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:47, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

You did well in the wikitable about the Cast of The Hobbit film trilogy in the page [[The Hobbit (film series)]].Don't change it.What do you think?Moreover, can you see the page [[Bree]]? I have done some editings there.Can you see these editings?--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 20:06, 6 February 2016 (UTC)

Good User:Mith.Good.You did well in your editings on the page [[Angmar]].

I have dome some editings on the page [[Aragorn]] today also.

I don't think there is point any mention of the character [[Albert Dreary]] in the page [[Bree]], despite the fact that [[Peter Jackson]] played him in cameo form.Morover connect link about the Gandalf and Thorin exists in the previous content of the same page.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 10:20, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

:I appreciate that you are enthusiastic, but can you please not use my talk page as a means of providing a running commentary on my - or your - edits. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 20:25, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

==Disagreement==
Why do you remove my editings on the wikitable of the Cast in page [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]];Because they are unimportant in the plot of the film characters; Here in the wikitable of the Cast in page [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]] some actors who portray unimportant characters appear (on wikikitable).The same thing also happens on page [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]].--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 21:20, 15 February 2016 (UTC)
:Why do you keep asking about individual articles on my talk page? Please direct your questions on the talk page of that article. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:38, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

== Images ==

Are we allowed to upload pics/images on this site??? There are so many tolkien art that i would like to post in image galleries with copyright permission of course.
[[User:Nienna-eve|Nienna-eve]] 04:45, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

:Yes. You will need to contact the relevant artists and ask for their permission to host their artwork on TG; if they say yes, also ask them what name they'd like to be credited as and which webaddress they'd like used. On TG you will need to create a page confirming they have granted permission (see [[TG:Copyrights]]) and ensure that any image uploaded includes licensing information. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 13:24, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

::Speaking of which: if I were to make my own art for a character or location, and it fits the quality standards for the site, could I post it as well? [[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 16:37, 18 July 2016 (UTC)

:::Yes, so long as all the copyright information was correctly included. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:29, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

== Agandaur edit ==

I'm curious as to why you reverted my edits. There ''are'' a lot of similarities between him and the messenger from Mordor that visits King Dain. Even characters in the game point these similarities out. I'd cite a source, but I'm admittedly inexperienced with references. [[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 16:34, 18 July 2016 (UTC)

:You'd need to direct me to specific article so I could give you a proper answer, but I suspect it was speculation or lack of references. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:27, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

==Upload Permissions==
Mith, I brought up a technical issue I'm having with my account and the Gateway with Ederchil, but he redirected me to you. For convenience, I've copied over the extent of the conversation from his talk page below:

{{blockquote|
Hey, Ederchil, could you take a look at my user permissions and see why I'm still not able to upload images? I've been a contributor and user for over 3 years; I'm not sure why I'm still not a confirmed user. And feel free to delete this off of your talk page once resolved. Thanks! -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 14:34, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

:What kind of error message are you getting? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:19, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

::None, I simply do not have the interface option to upload images. I do not believe I was ever autoconfirmed, despite the age and activity of my account. -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 16:02, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

:::Hmm. I can't see anyone as autoconfirmed. Maybe [[User:Mith|Mith]] knows more. He's way more technical than I am. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:01, 6 September 2016 (UTC)}}

Thanks for checking it out! [[User:Smog|-Smog]] 18:52, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

::::You hadn't passed the editcount threshold but I believe you now have, if you could check? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:57, 11 September 2016 (UTC)

::::::The threshold is 10 edits, correct? I had done that by July 2014. Regardless, I now have upload permissions. Thank you. [[User:Smog|-Smog]] 14:31, 12 September 2016 (UTC)

Children of iluvatar

2016-09-09T18:00:19Z

Smog: Redirect creation

#REDIRECT [[Children of Ilúvatar]]

Osgiliath

2016-09-09T17:18:24Z

Smog: /* History */

{{location
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - The Window on the West.jpg|250px]]
| name=Osgiliath
| othernames=
| etymology="Fortress of the Host of Stars"
| type=City
| location=[[Anduin]], between [[Minas Tirith]] and [[Minas Morgul]]
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]
| realms=[[Gondor]]<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]
| description=River city with bridge
| events=
| references=
}}

'''Osgiliath''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[osˈɡiljaθ]}}) was the old capital city of [[Gondor]]. The city straddled the [[Anduin]] River at a point approximately half way between the cities of [[Minas Anor]] to the southwest and [[Minas Ithil]] to the northeast, and north of the nearby [[Emyn Arnen]].

In the Great Hall of the city the thrones of the sons of [[Elendil]] were set side by side. In its days of glory, the city featured quays to handle sea-going vessels that came up from the sea, a great stone bridge supporting houses and towers of stone, and the [[Dome of Stars]], which housed the [[Osgiliath-stone]], the greatest of the seven ''[[Palantíri]]''.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>
__TOC__

==History==
Founded by [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]]<ref name="rings"/> near the end of the [[Second Age]],<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> Osgiliath was designated the capital of the southern Númenórean kingdom in exile, [[Gondor]]. Soon after its founding, Sauron attacked and took [[Minas Ithil]] in {{SA|3429}} and then moved westward. While Isildur sought aid from the north, [[Anárion's defense of Osgiliath|Anárion defended the city]]. When the army of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] arrived and later defeated [[Sauron]] the threat to the city was lifted.<ref name="rings"/> Thereafter, for over a thousand years, Osgiliath was the capital of Gondor, as well as its largest and most important city.
[[File:Angus McBride - Osgiliath stone.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Palantír of Osgiliath'']]
The beginning of the city's decline came in {{TA|1437}} when it was sacked and burned, after [[Siege of Osgiliath|a siege]] by the rebel [[Castamir|Castamir's]] forces during the [[Kin-strife]]. It was during this siege that the Osgiliath-stone was lost in the River. The [[Great Plague]] of {{TA|1636}} led to further depopulation with many victims, and those who fled never returned. The city began to fall into ruin; the capital was moved to the more secure [[Minas Anor]] in {{TA|1640}}.

Over the next few hundred years, Gondor endured many military defeats east of the [[Anduin]], especially the fall of Minas Ithil in {{TA|2002}}. Osgiliath became vulnerable to attack and was widely believed to be haunted, as its population continued to shrink. Osgiliath was finally abandoned by the remaining civilian population after being [[Uruk-hai attack on Osgiliath|captured]] temporarily by [[Uruk-hai]] in {{TA|2475}} until it was liberated by Steward [[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]].<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>

Over the following centuries, the western part of the ruined city was under the control of Gondor, and was at times provided with a military garrison as a means of defending the crossing of the Anduin. The eastern part, with [[Ithilien]], was disputed territory, under Gondor's control for most of the rule of [[Denethor|Denethor II]], but in June of {{TA|3018}} it was [[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath|taken and occupied]] by [[Sauron|Sauron's]] forces and its last bridge fell. This attack some later considered the beginning of the [[War of the Ring]].<ref name="great">{{App|Great}}</ref>
[[File:Donato Giancola - Faramir at Osgiliath.jpg|thumb|[[Donato Giancola]] - ''Faramir at Osgiliath'']]
In the following March, well into the War, Sauron launched a full-scale invasion of Gondor west of the Anduin, and despite the [[Rangers of Ithilien|Rangers']] [[Faramir's defense of Osgiliath|defense of the western part of the city]], Osgiliath quickly fell to Sauron's forces,<ref name="great"/> but it was reclaimed by Gondor after Sauron's ultimate defeat a few weeks later.

After the War, Osgiliath was apparently rebuilt{{fact}}, but it never became as great as it once was. [[Minas Tirith]] remained the capital and King's city{{fact}}.

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Osgiliath'', "Citadel of the Stars", consists of the elements ''[[ost]]'' ("fort, citadel") + ''[[giliath]]'' ("hosts of stars").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 232 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=RGEO>{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 73</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:WiMe-Osgiliath-1-.png|thumb|150px]]

Because the city was not visited in the books, it did not appear in many adaptations.

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Osgiliath is one of the many maps of this game. The maps shows the bridge but the city itself is not shown.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:After capturing [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Faramir]] takes them to Osgiliath, in the hope of harnessing the power of [[The One Ring|the Ring]] to the betterment of Gondor. Osgiliath is fully ruined, and partly flooded. After being attacked by several [[fell beasts|winged Nazgûl]], Faramir releases them.

:In a scene in the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|Extended Edition]], Faramir has a flashback. [[Boromir]] reclaims the city for Gondor, and the soldiers feast. The scene is meant to highlight the relation between Boromir, Faramir and [[Denethor]].

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
: [[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]] and his [[orcs]] finally breach the defenses of the Gondorian troopers, and beat them back with heavy losses. [[Madril]] is slain, as are several others. On their retreat to [[Minas Tirith]], they are beset by the [[Nazgûl]], only to be saved by [[Gandalf]].

:Not impressed by Faramir's deeds, and more upset about the loss of Osgiliath, Denethor sends his son back to Osgiliath, but his company is slaughtered, and Faramir badly wounded. This scene replaced the defense of the [[Causeway Forts]] in the book.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Osgiliath.png|thumb|150px]]
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Concept art of Osgiliath was created by [[Snowblind Studios]] and appears in the trailer '''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKu_v_NH7Ro&feature=player_embedded#! The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Dev Video: Art Direction Process]'''. It is unknown if Osgiliath will appear in the game.

'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Osgiliath was an area in the Eastern Gondor region. At the eastern entrance were the Gates of the Moon, beyond which was the Court of [[Isildur]]. At the western entrance were the Gates of the Sun and the Court of [[Anárion]]. The Palace of [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] was in the north-west corner of the city. After Osgiliath was overrun by the [[Minas Morgul|Morgul]]-host, [[Mablung]] and [[Damrod]] led the surviving [[Rangers of Ithilien]] in the city into hiding in the culverts.

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Osgiliath]]
[[fi:Osgiliath]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/gondor/osgiliath]]

Osgiliath

2016-09-09T17:17:04Z

Smog: /* History */ grammar

{{location
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - The Window on the West.jpg|250px]]
| name=Osgiliath
| othernames=
| etymology="Fortress of the Host of Stars"
| type=City
| location=[[Anduin]], between [[Minas Tirith]] and [[Minas Morgul]]
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]
| realms=[[Gondor]]<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]
| description=River city with bridge
| events=
| references=
}}

'''Osgiliath''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[osˈɡiljaθ]}}) was the old capital city of [[Gondor]]. The city straddled the [[Anduin]] River at a point approximately half way between the cities of [[Minas Anor]] to the southwest and [[Minas Ithil]] to the northeast, and north of the nearby [[Emyn Arnen]].

In the Great Hall of the city the thrones of the sons of [[Elendil]] were set side by side. In its days of glory, the city featured quays to handle sea-going vessels that came up from the sea, a great stone bridge supporting houses and towers of stone, and the [[Dome of Stars]], which housed the [[Osgiliath-stone]], the greatest of the seven ''[[Palantíri]]''.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>
__TOC__

==History==
Founded by [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]]<ref name="rings"/> near the end of the [[Second Age]],<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> Osgiliath was designated the capital of the southern Númenórean kingdom in exile, [[Gondor]]. Soon after its founding, Sauron attacked and took [[Minas Ithil]] in {{SA|3429}} and then moved westward. While Isildur sought aid from the north, [[Anárion's defense of Osgiliath|Anárion defended the city]]. When the army of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] arrived and later defeated [[Sauron]] the threat to the city was lifted.<ref name="rings"/> Thereafter, for over a thousand years, Osgiliath was the capital of Gondor, as well as its largest and most important city.
[[File:Angus McBride - Osgiliath stone.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Palantír of Osgiliath'']]
The beginning of the city's decline came in {{TA|1437}} when it was sacked and burned, after [[Siege of Osgiliath|a siege]] by the rebel [[Castamir|Castamir's]] forces during the [[Kin-strife]]. It was during this siege that the Osgiliath-stone was lost in the River. The [[Great Plague]] of {{TA|1636}} led to further depopulation with many victims, and those who fled never returned. The city began to fall into ruin; the capital was moved to the more secure [[Minas Anor]] in {{TA|1640}}.

Over the next few hundred years, Gondor endured many military defeats east of the [[Anduin]], especially the fall of Minas Ithil in {{TA|2002}}. Osgiliath became vulnerable to attack and was widely believed to be haunted, as its population continued to shrink. Osgiliath was finally abandoned by the remaining civilian population after being [[Uruk-hai attack on Osgiliath|captured]] temporarily by [[Uruk-hai]] in {{TA|2475}} until it was liberated by Steward [[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]].<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>

Over the following centuries, the western part of the ruined city was under the control of Gondor, and was at times provided with a military garrison as a means of defending the crossing of the Anduin. The eastern part, with [[Ithilien]], was disputed territory, under Gondor's control for most of the rule of [[Denethor|Denethor II]], but in June of {{TA|3018}} it was [[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath|taken and occupied]] by [[Sauron|Sauron's]] forces and its last bridge fell. This attack some later considered the beginning of the [[War of the Ring]].<ref name="great">{{App|Great}}</ref>
[[File:Donato Giancola - Faramir at Osgiliath.jpg|thumb|[[Donato Giancola]] - ''Faramir at Osgiliath'']]
In the following March, well into the War, Sauron launched a full-scale invasion of Gondor west of the Anduin, and despite the [[Rangers of Ithilien|Rangers' of Ithilien]] [[Faramir's defense of Osgiliath|defense of the western part of the city]], Osgiliath quickly fell to Sauron's forces,<ref name="great"/> but it was reclaimed by Gondor after Sauron's ultimate defeat a few weeks later.

After the War, Osgiliath was apparently rebuilt{{fact}}, but it never became as great as it once was. [[Minas Tirith]] remained the capital and King's city{{fact}}.

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Osgiliath'', "Citadel of the Stars", consists of the elements ''[[ost]]'' ("fort, citadel") + ''[[giliath]]'' ("hosts of stars").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 232 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=RGEO>{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 73</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:WiMe-Osgiliath-1-.png|thumb|150px]]

Because the city was not visited in the books, it did not appear in many adaptations.

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Osgiliath is one of the many maps of this game. The maps shows the bridge but the city itself is not shown.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:After capturing [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Faramir]] takes them to Osgiliath, in the hope of harnessing the power of [[The One Ring|the Ring]] to the betterment of Gondor. Osgiliath is fully ruined, and partly flooded. After being attacked by several [[fell beasts|winged Nazgûl]], Faramir releases them.

:In a scene in the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|Extended Edition]], Faramir has a flashback. [[Boromir]] reclaims the city for Gondor, and the soldiers feast. The scene is meant to highlight the relation between Boromir, Faramir and [[Denethor]].

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
: [[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]] and his [[orcs]] finally breach the defenses of the Gondorian troopers, and beat them back with heavy losses. [[Madril]] is slain, as are several others. On their retreat to [[Minas Tirith]], they are beset by the [[Nazgûl]], only to be saved by [[Gandalf]].

:Not impressed by Faramir's deeds, and more upset about the loss of Osgiliath, Denethor sends his son back to Osgiliath, but his company is slaughtered, and Faramir badly wounded. This scene replaced the defense of the [[Causeway Forts]] in the book.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Osgiliath.png|thumb|150px]]
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Concept art of Osgiliath was created by [[Snowblind Studios]] and appears in the trailer '''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKu_v_NH7Ro&feature=player_embedded#! The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Dev Video: Art Direction Process]'''. It is unknown if Osgiliath will appear in the game.

'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Osgiliath was an area in the Eastern Gondor region. At the eastern entrance were the Gates of the Moon, beyond which was the Court of [[Isildur]]. At the western entrance were the Gates of the Sun and the Court of [[Anárion]]. The Palace of [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] was in the north-west corner of the city. After Osgiliath was overrun by the [[Minas Morgul|Morgul]]-host, [[Mablung]] and [[Damrod]] led the surviving [[Rangers of Ithilien]] in the city into hiding in the culverts.

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Osgiliath]]
[[fi:Osgiliath]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/gondor/osgiliath]]

Bridge of Khazad-dûm

2016-09-07T15:46:20Z

Smog:

{{disambig-more|{{PAGENAME}}|[[The Bridge of Khazad-dûm (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - The Bridge of Khazad-dum.jpg|250px]]
| name=Bridge of Khazad-dûm
| type=Bridge
| location=Eastern [[Moria]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=Khazad-dûm
| description=Narrow bridge over abyss
| climate=
| othernames=Durin's Bridge<ref>{{TT|III5}}</ref>
| etymology=
| created=Unknown
| destroyed=[[15 January]], {{TA|3019}} (partially)<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>
| events=Stand-off between [[Gandalf]] and [[Durin's Bane]]
}}

The '''Bridge of Khazad-dûm''' was a narrow stone bridge crossing a chasm within the eastern gates of the Dwarf-city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. It was intended for defensive purposes — enemies who breached the outer defenses would be forced to cross a span of about fifty feet in single file. The depth of the chasm was incredible and the ceiling was high; on the outer side of the bridge was a flight of stairs leading to the exit, through the [[First Hall]] and the [[Great Gates]] of [[Moria]].<ref>{{FR|II5}}</ref>

The bridge is most noted for being the location of the encounter between [[Gandalf]] and the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]]. It was broken by Gandalf during the fight but would most likely have been repaired by [[Dwarves]] after the [[War of the Ring]], since it was on the main approach to the city from the east.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of the Bridge of Khazad-dûm|Images of the Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Bridges]]
[[Category:Moria]]

[[de:Brücke von Khazad-dûm]]
[[fi:Durinin Silta]]

User talk:Mith/2016

2016-09-06T18:52:12Z

Smog:

User talk:Mith/2016

2016-09-06T17:11:21Z

Smog:

{{talkarchive|2006|2007|2008|2009|2010|2011|2012|2013|2014|2015}}
<table style="border: 1px solid #c0c090; background-color: #f8eaba; width:80%; margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto;"><tr><td rowspan="2">[[Image:Nuvola apps edu languages.png|none|50px|link=]]</td><td><div id="talk" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; clear: both;><big>'''''Welcome to [[User:Mith|Mith]]'s talk page.'''''</big></div></td></tr><tr><td><ul><li>Please [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new}} post your new topic at the ''bottom''] of this page, including a '''<nowiki>==Descriptive heading==</nowiki>'''.</li><li>You should sign and date your posts by inserting "'''<span style="letter-spacing:.2em;"><nowiki>~~</nowiki>~~</span>'''" at the end of them.</li><li>Please indent your posts with "''':'''" if replying to an existing topic (or "'''::'''" if replying to a reply, etc.).</li><li>I will generally respond ''here'' to comments that are posted here, rather than replying via your talk page (or the article talk page, if you are writing to me about an article), so you may want to [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=watch}} watch this page].</li><li>If I have left a message on ''your'' talk page, please continue the discussion there; '''DO NOT''' reply here. This is ensure that discussions do not become fragmented over several talk pages.</li></ul>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new}} '''⇒ Start a new talk topic.''']</td></tr></table>


== Question ==

I would like to have your permission in order to say something to you.May I have it? {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:Yes. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 17:59, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

::I found the phrase ,of films for the awards in this way and that is why i edited this in this way. For example I immitated the phrase ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King'' and by imitating this phrase I builted the phrase ''Peter Jackson's The Desolation of Smaug''. That is Why I put ''Peter Jackson's The Desolation of Smaug'' ''Peter Jackson's An Unexpected Journey'' and ''Peter Jackson's The Battle of the Five Armies''. Did you understeand what i am saying? {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::Thanks for messaging me. I realised what had happened and that you were just copying existing usage on those pages, so I decided to correct the entire page in order to make them correct and consistent. Referring to films as "Peter Jackson's..." is old usage on Tolkien Gateway and should be avoided now - is it not your fault, those pages have not been corrected. Hope this helps! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:16, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

::::In page [[Cate Blanchett]] I found it in that way, so I immitated by coping it.That is Why i edited it in that way.Did you understeand it? {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::I do, but you should've checked the edit to ensure it looked correct. But, you do not need explain your edits to me. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 16:58, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

::::::I didnt know that there is no page about Mike Mizrahi in Wikipedia until I checked it by searching it on Wikipedia. {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::::You should have checked this before adding the link, but well done on so spotting the mistake. You don't need to tell me about your edits, though, as I can see what you've done in RecentChanges. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:09, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

::::::::In case you dont know, Thrain appears only in the [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''.He appears in flasback scene in The Battle of Azanulbizar and in Dol Guldur.All these scenes which include Thrain exist only in the Extended Edition of the second Hobbit film. {{unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::::::Yes, I do know that. My issue was with the poor sentence construction which you have now fixed. I understand your enthusiasm but you really don't need to keep leaving messages for me here. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 22:24, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

== Mistake ==

You make a mistake.In case you dont know, Mike Mizrahi played Thrain in flasback scene in the [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''.Specifically he portrayed him in [[The Battle of Azanulbizar]].[[Thomas Robins]] played him in the theatrical version.Specifically he portrayed him in Erebor scene (befor the attack of smaug in Erebor) in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''. Moreover, Thrain does not appear in the entire Hobbit film trilogy and to be portrayed at the same time by the same actor.I mean other actor played him in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, other actor played him in The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug.And he appears only in the extended edition of The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug.You should either put Antony Sher and Thomas Robins in this wikitable of the Content '''Cast''' which exists in the page The Hobbit (film series) or remove Thrain from that wikitable entirely. {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:I haven't made a mistake. Many other characters that don't appear in the whole trilogy are on that list, include Dáin, the Goblin-king and the Old Took - Thráin should certainly be on the list and that is why I reverted your edit. A better edit would be to add the other actors who portrayed the character (with sources), not remove it altogether. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:55, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

:From what I've heard, Sher also plays Thráin at the Battle of Azanulbizar, which makes it uncertain if Mizrahi actually even appears in these films in the role at all.--[[User:BalrogTrainer|BalrogTrainer]] 04:14, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

::Page 101 of ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Chronicles: Creatures & Characters]]'' references Mike Mizrahi as the actor, whilst he's also credited with the role at the end credits of ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:25, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

== Page ==

Can you create the talk page [[Talk:Yazneg]]; That because I want to express my opinion about Yazneg.That he probably comes from the Gundabad. {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:I would encourage you to sign up in order to create talk pages. Do you have any evidence for how Yazneg comes from Gundabad? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 17:59, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

::No.I Dont.Or maybe I do. In the appearence he looks like Azog.Don't you think? {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::My opinion doesn't matter unless there is evidence to support it. We only include verifiable information on Tolkie Gateway. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 18:06, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

::::Then don't delete opinion my opinion about Yazneg.That he probably comes from Gundabad.Agree? {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::I do not agree. Your opinion on Yazneg - whether right or wrong - is not relevant to Tolkien Gateway. Unless you can present a source the information cannot go on the page. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:32, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

::::::I would like to explain something.May I? {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

:::::::I removed these two characters from the wikitable about the Cast of the [[The Hobbit (film series)|hobbit film trilogy]] because there is no point.These two characters (Old Took and Lindir) do not have any role in the plot of the hobbit film trilogy.They do not interfere in the plot of the hobbit fil series generally, if you think about it very carefully.Also,Old Took appears in a single scene in the extended editionm of the Hobbit An Unexpected Journey.And moreover, both these characters appear only in the Hobbit An Unexpected Journey, (although Lindir appears in the theatrical edition of the First Hobbit film).But that is not important.The important thing is that they do not have any role in the plot of the hobbit film trilogy.If you think about it ver carefully, you can see it.For this reason I would like these two characters to be removed from the wikitable. {{Unsignedanon|85.72.212.188}}

::::::::I have to say I agree with this. The "Hobbit" movie trilogy page should probably only include the most significant characters for the whole trilogy... of which Old Took and Lindir certainly are not. I would argue there's no need to include Frodo, either. --[[User:BalrogTrainer|BalrogTrainer]] 03:53, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

::::::::My mistake.About the fact that I didnt sigh it.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 03:52, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

:::::::::I don't care about the Old Took, but I do think Lindir (why I reverted the edit) and Frodo should stay. But thanks for removing them anyway before I had a chance to reply.
:::::::::Frodo is integral to the continuity of this trilogy with the previous one, played by the lead actor of that trilogy - it is his intervention that essentially starts the process of Bilbo telling the story of the trilogy. Lindir is a character from the books (this is Tolkien Gateway not Film Gateway) and his role introruces a significant event in the films in that the Company have left in secret; further, the actor obviously has a significance in terms of fandom and this also needs to be recorded (fandom is something we've always had a view to, hence articles on amateur artists and an websites).
:::::::::A further point on them both. They have more lines than Bifur, Bombur, Girion, Thrór and (in theatrical versions) Thráin. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:47, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

You did well in the wikitable about the Cast of The Hobbit film trilogy in the page [[The Hobbit (film series)]].Don't change it.What do you think?Moreover, can you see the page [[Bree]]? I have done some editings there.Can you see these editings?--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 20:06, 6 February 2016 (UTC)

Good User:Mith.Good.You did well in your editings on the page [[Angmar]].

I have dome some editings on the page [[Aragorn]] today also.

I don't think there is point any mention of the character [[Albert Dreary]] in the page [[Bree]], despite the fact that [[Peter Jackson]] played him in cameo form.Morover connect link about the Gandalf and Thorin exists in the previous content of the same page.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 10:20, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

:I appreciate that you are enthusiastic, but can you please not use my talk page as a means of providing a running commentary on my - or your - edits. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 20:25, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

==Disagreement==
Why do you remove my editings on the wikitable of the Cast in page [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]];Because they are unimportant in the plot of the film characters; Here in the wikitable of the Cast in page [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]] some actors who portray unimportant characters appear (on wikikitable).The same thing also happens on page [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]].--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 21:20, 15 February 2016 (UTC)
:Why do you keep asking about individual articles on my talk page? Please direct your questions on the talk page of that article. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:38, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

== Images ==

Are we allowed to upload pics/images on this site??? There are so many tolkien art that i would like to post in image galleries with copyright permission of course.
[[User:Nienna-eve|Nienna-eve]] 04:45, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

:Yes. You will need to contact the relevant artists and ask for their permission to host their artwork on TG; if they say yes, also ask them what name they'd like to be credited as and which webaddress they'd like used. On TG you will need to create a page confirming they have granted permission (see [[TG:Copyrights]]) and ensure that any image uploaded includes licensing information. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 13:24, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

::Speaking of which: if I were to make my own art for a character or location, and it fits the quality standards for the site, could I post it as well? [[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 16:37, 18 July 2016 (UTC)

:::Yes, so long as all the copyright information was correctly included. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:29, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

== Agandaur edit ==

I'm curious as to why you reverted my edits. There ''are'' a lot of similarities between him and the messenger from Mordor that visits King Dain. Even characters in the game point these similarities out. I'd cite a source, but I'm admittedly inexperienced with references. [[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 16:34, 18 July 2016 (UTC)

:You'd need to direct me to specific article so I could give you a proper answer, but I suspect it was speculation or lack of references. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:27, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

==Upload Permissions==
Mith, I brought up a technical issue I'm having with my account and the Gateway with Ederchil, but he redirected me to you. For convenience, I've copied over the extent of the conversation from his talk page below:

Hey, Ederchil, could you take a look at my user permissions and see why I'm still not able to upload images? I've been a contributor and user for over 3 years; I'm not sure why I'm still not a confirmed user. And feel free to delete this off of your talk page once resolved. Thanks! -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 14:34, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

:What kind of error message are you getting? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:19, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

::None, I simply do not have the interface option to upload images. I do not believe I was ever autoconfirmed, despite the age and activity of my account. -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 16:02, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

:::Hmm. I can't see anyone as autoconfirmed. Maybe [[User:Mith|Mith]] knows more. He's way more technical than I am. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:01, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

User talk:Ederchil

2016-09-06T16:02:25Z

Smog: /* Upload Permissions */

{{usertalk}}

{| align="right"
| __TOC__
|}
<center>
=Archive=
'''[[User talk:Ederchil/2008|January 12, 2008 - December 19, 2008]]'''<br>
'''[[User talk:Ederchil/2009|January 9, 2009 - December 23, 2009]]'''<br>
'''[[User talk:Ederchil/2010|January 9, 2010 - November 19, 2010]]'''<br>
'''[[User talk:Ederchil/2011|February 14, 2011 - December 14, 2011]]'''<br>
'''[[User talk:Ederchil/2012-3|February 15, 2012 - December 14, 2013]]'''<br>
=2014=
</center>


== Spam ==

I don't know if you or Morgan already contacted Hyarion, but I've just emailed him about today's spam influx.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 17:23, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

:I completely forgot to do that. I was too busy having flashbacks to a couple of years back. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:32, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

::Thanks for all your effort to undo the mess guys, and thanks for the e-mail KA. For the time being I've just shut off new account creation until we implement a stricter process. Although I'm having a hard time thinking of something stricter, manual approval wouldn't even work since it would be sometimes difficult to differentiate solely based on the username. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 17:44, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

:::You may be aware that I am pretty much computer-less at the moment (temporarily boring a PC right now). The way to fix this, Hyarion, is to change the CAPTCHA questions in LocalSettings.php. That will stop them until they figure out an answer. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:54, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

== List of Book that inspired Tolkien ==

It is difficult to put link sources when I just created the page and was begining to edit including informations, and you delete the page... Be more pacient. Otherwise it will be hard to help this wiki. {{unsigned|Sigurd }}

:Couple of things:
* Add new messages at the ''bottom'' of the talk page. They go in chronological order from old to new.
* The entire concept is vague. "Books that inspired Tolkien"? Inspired him on what? To write a book? To become a philologist? To write an alternate mythology for England? To write a specific element?
* As I said, sources. The only source you list is a summary of his personal library, without explaining how this book being in his library inspired him. Unless you have a specific sources that explicitly says Book X inspired him to do action Y, it's just speculation.
* No content other than a list. The introduction is essentially "Books that have inspired Tolkien are books that have inspired Tolkien".
* Basic layout and spelling. That's something that you should do before saving the page.
:As this is a vague and slippery slope (just as our existing train wreck [[Inspirations]] is), it adds nothing at the moment. Without addressing all these points (apart from the first, naturally), I see no point in having it. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 13:38, 1 March 2014 (UTC)

:Couple of things:
* Whatever. If you see the message works.
* To put links, sources and more informations need time to included.
* I was working in that page and adding all informations. But is Impossible to do this when someone came and deleted the page... minutes after I began to write.
* So I think you have to whait some time before going to deleted a page. That is not the first time that you dont have paciense.{{unsigned|Sigurd}}

::While you're putting the page together you can use [[User:Sigurd/Sandbox|a sandbox in your user area]].--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 16:37, 1 March 2014 (UTC)

== Battle of the Five Armies ==

I'd just come on to change all the links - I'm glad you beat me to it! Thank you! --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 19:17, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

== Song_of_the_Lonely_Mountain (Talk_Page) ==

Hello.<br>Please forgive me, I really made a mistake: the confusion occured.So, in this time, could you help me, where can I publish my translation? On the forum?<br>(From Pnompen)

:We're not really the right place for fan translations. Also, what would it help? None of us here knows Russian. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:45, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

== Copyright Violation ==

May I ask why the images I uploaded are copyright violations? I personally asked the artist through deviantART. I asked through a note, so I can send you a printscreen or something. She told me that she does not mind as long as she is credited and it is not for profit. I also asked for these three specific images. --[[User:Sandy|Sandy]] 15:08, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

:I explained what you needed to add on your message wall. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:14, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

::If you mean my Discussion page nothing new has showed up. If you mean another message wall then I have no idea what it is. Sorry :( --[[User:Sandy|Sandy]] 15:28, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

:::My bad i just saw it. Thanks for the info! --[[User:Sandy|Sandy]] 15:29, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

::::I know, I have spammed you extensively today, and I'm sorry for that. I just want to be sure that this won't happen again. So, I created the page with the permission; Am I allowed to upload them now? And if so, in the template where it says "Permission for use on Tolkien Gateway" will it be automatically linked to the page I created or do I need to do something extra? Thanks again!--[[User:Sandy|Sandy]] 15:53, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

:You need to add the template like you used to, but instead of DeviantArt, write Kimberly. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 16:15, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

== Hi ==

Sorry for trying to help with info. I wont help anymore. I dont know what you mean by "primary source".

= 2015 =
==Elves infobox==

: Yes, you are right about the Longbeards. After all, most of the Dwarven characters in the legendarium are Longbeards.

To return to the topic...As you have no doubt already seen that I created the template for the generic Elven infobox, I think some of the characters from the legendarium should be put under that template: for example: Imin, Tata, Enel and their spouses and many other Elven characters who's nationality isn't determined by any of the writings.

Celeborn would be a good candidate for such a template and few other major characters who have ambiguous histories...
[[User:Woolly Mammoth|Woolly Mammoth]] 17:08, 21 May 2015 (UTC)

:: Also, please do me a favor and delete the article "Morwë and Nurwë" considering they have no more use on the site.
[[User:Woolly Mammoth|Woolly Mammoth]] 17:11, 21 May 2015 (UTC)
::Yeah, a generic/unclear Elf template is a good idea. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:11, 21 May 2015 (UTC)

==Woolly Mammoth, the Nuisance everlasting==
:: To [[User:Ederchil]] and [[User:Mith]] - wouldn't it be much easier for you to unblock me than to constantly tidy up my "mess" - I have much to contribute to this wiki - and, as I said before, I SINCERELY apologize for any insult made to any of you, especially to [[User:Mith]]. From a more practical perspective, it would be good for you to unblock me - of course, if you do not want to clear up the mess that will be gathering in the following years - I am not a madman - I simply feel insulted by your behavior - I would like to edit this wiki - as I no doubt showed before - and it would be to your well-being (and to the well-being of this site) if I would continue editing this Wiki without any further hindrance. As for the images that I uploaded - I have proof that the permission was granted - although I have not been able to present the evidence to you - but if you unblock me I will - the visual representation of [[Tolkien]]'s works is to me, at least, an important aspect of his work. That is the reason I am hellbent on including the images, and I spend a lot of time on DevinatArt searching for Tolkien related art, and I am in good relation to other members of that community. This is all for me at the time - and I hope you will reconsider the ban.

Respectfully - Woolly Mammoth! [[User:Laurentus|Laurentus]] 20:48, 14 September 2015 (UTC)

:It's "Mess" because you're doing exactly the same we told you ''repeatedly'' not to do before. You're blocked. Every time you make a new account, you're evading a block - which is also a blockable offence. You're in the penalty box. You can't just jump back on the ice after putting on a teammate's jersey.
:Quite frankly, your "practical perspective"... that's an insult. Not just to me (or Mith), but to pretty much every moderator on all kinds of wikis and forums, everywhere on the internet. If you don't see that, I really can't help you. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:08, 14 September 2015 (UTC)

== Again ME ==
I was just wondering...You are cutting the branch on which you are sitting by consistently blocking my unnumbered profiles. Tell me now...Wouldn't it be easier for you and me to simply unblock me? I have added more "canonical" information to this site than everyone here around.

Take for example [[Maedhros]] (which, according to Tolkien's latest use, should be MaeDros) - I have added information which none of your timid fellows has been wont to do.

And by [[User:Mith|Mith]]'s Pythonesque farewell of "fucking off", I wonder if you, my dear "administrators", hold any supremacy over my "uncivil" behaviour. In the end, I altogether guessed rightly that most of you are, indeed, assholes (or at least you have buried your head in it).

Yours truly...dear Woolly Mammmoth ;).

:Your arrogance is truly mindboggling. You were blocked. This ban evasion is also a blockable offense. No matter the quality of your edits, you won't be unblocked.
:You're sent to the penalty box. You can't put on a teammate's jersey and get back on the ice. Just because you score a lot of goals doesn't mean that's suddenly okay. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 07:59, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

== Tim Burton article ==

Why was it deleted? Tim Burton actually DID work on the 1978 Lord of the Rings film. Sure, he wasn't that famous at the time, but he still did artwork for it. We've got articles for fan films, so I don't see why we couldn't have an article for someone that worked on an official adaptation, however minor the involvement was. It just seems like disrepect to ignore the humble beginnings of such a well-known filmmaker, especially since a lot of people weren't all too famous until they were involved in adapting Tolkien's work. [[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 15:59, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

:The only reason he had an article was not because he
worked on LotR, but because he did other, more famous stuff later. We wouldn't have articles on other artists on the movie either. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 16:10, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

::So what? We have separate articles for regional translators and for the Inklings, even the ones that probably never even LOOKED at one of Tolkien's books. We even have articles for artists that worked on the Peter Jackson movies and the other two animated films. What makes the 1978 film the exception? If the article seemed like it was just advertising Tim Burton's other stuff, then how about rewriting it so that it seemed more relevant to Tolkien instead of just deleting it? It's like throwing away a perfectly good pizza just because it had an extra topping you didn't want. [[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 16:15, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

:::I would argue it's throwing out a pizza because we're a pie shop. The problem is, there isn't much. What exactly did he work on? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 16:34, 8 October 2015 (UTC)
::::Well, Tim Burton was uncredited for his work, but it was one of the first movies he ever worked on, so it's to be expected. He was mostly an "inbetween" artist, so I guess that means he did some miscellaneous artwork. Couldn't tell you which ones were all his, though. Also, in response to that "pie shop" analogy, I'd like to remind you that"pizza pies" are a thing.[[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 17:05, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

--> Okay, here's a compromise: Have the Tim Burton article on this site, but keep it simple, so that it doesn't delve too deeply into his post-LOTR career. Something like:

:"'''Tim Burton''' (born on August 25th, 1958) is an American filmmaker. He made his film debut in 1978, as an artist for [[Ralph Bakshi]]'s animated film adaptation of ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]''. He mostly worked on miscellaneous artwork as an "in-between" artist and thus largely remained uncredited for specific pieces."

:What do you think? [[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 19:49, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

::Not sure on the use of "miscellaneous artwork". In-between artists also needs no quotation marks, it's a normal job description - they're the people who make the animation fluid by creating the art that's in between the rougher, preliminary animation. The finishing touches. It'd be nice to know what scenes he worked on, if that could be found at all. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 20:35, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

::A bit of unfinished business: "The only reason he had an article was not because he worked on LotR, but because he did other, more famous stuff later." Hey. Right here. I'm the one that made the article. and I made it based on his work on the LOTR animated film. So don't you dare tell me lies. So what if we don't know exactly what he did? That doesn't his presence any less relevant.[[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 23:20, 17 March 2016 (UTC)
::: Okay, can I please just re-do that Tim Burton article or not? [[User:EldritchNexus|EldritchNexus]] 14:43, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

== Template:VT2 ==

What's happening with {{redlink|[[Template:VT2]]}}? Is it useful? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 12:54, 8 November 2015 (UTC)

:I'm not sure what my intentions with it were, but it looks like Template:VT covers the same things, so we can probably do without. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 12:57, 8 November 2015 (UTC)

::Done. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 13:17, 8 November 2015 (UTC)

== Vunasti Mamut ==

Hello! Ederchil! Despite all my mistakes and insults...I truly regret that...Listen up! T is my favorite badass vilaine! I have spent a shitload of time trying to escape from the inevitable killing machine

== Explanation ==

Do you think I am a liar(that I am lying to you) or I make some kind of a joke about Bolg? In '''One Wiki to Rule Them All''' wiki and in Wikipedia pages about Bolg and the Hobbit film trilogy it is never said that Bolg participated in the Battle of Azanulbizar.Moreover, in the One Wiki to Rule Them All wiki about Unamed Orc Brute it is said that Bolg and this Unamed Orc Brute are separate characters.Also you can check it and in Bolg page on IMDB. So that is why I am asking you to change the page on [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]] about Bolg.See: Cast

You believe me that I am not liar or I that this is not some kind of joke? {{Unsigned|2.86.255.196}}

:You're neither a liar nor a joker. You're simply incorrect. Those three sources you list are, like us, third party sources. We included sources that he was initially cast as Azog, before being recast as Bolg. I'd have to check, but BalrogTrainer mentions he appears in the credits as Bolg. Nowhere was he credited as Gundabad Orc or Unnamed Orc Brute. You're removed two primary sources, and offered none in return. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 11:33, 27 November 2015 (UTC)

Am I disturbing you?BalrogTrainer is right. If you see at the end credits of the First Hobbit film you will find that Conan Stevens is credited as Bolg.This is wrong because in the next two movies Conan Stevens is not credited as Bolg. This mistake the filmmakers should see and fix it.Why didnt they fix it? Do you know any way to contact with the filmakers in order to mention this mistake and correct it? Or anyone else WHO knows about these matters? {{Unsigned|2.86.255.196}}

:We don't know why they changed it. But the fact remains: he was credited as Bolg (I checked it myself in the mean time). So we list him as Bolg. No reason to list him as anything else. I don't think it was ever fully explained why he was recast. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 20:22, 2 December 2015 (UTC)

No no no.I am asking you if you know how to contact with the filmakers of the Hobbit film trilogy in order to correct this mistake in the end credits of the First Hobbit film or if you know anyone else WHO is expert on that matters. {{Unsigned|2.86.255.196}}

:Try looking for contact details of MGM or New Line Cinema. However, it wasn't a mistake at the time the movie was released. That was still Bolg back then. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:42, 2 December 2015 (UTC)

== Peter Jackson cameo appearence in [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]] ==

Peter Jackson appears uncredited in ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]''.He makes a cameo appearence at the end of the third Hobbit film in the painting of Bungo Baggins in case you dont know it.This painting can be seen in the final scene at the Bag End when Bilbo (Martin Freeman) returns home.You can check it on IMDB page about Peter Jackson and in Wikipedia page about Peter Jackson. {{unsigned|2.86.255.196}}

:The picture was based on Jackson's face. In fact, that was used back in LotR as well. See our page on [[Bungo Baggins]]. It shouldn't be on PJ's page as a cameo because it's not a physical cameo. Do not add it again. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:01, 4 December 2015 (UTC)

==Lady of the Star-brow==
Thank you so much! I did not know how to make it redirect. I appreciate that. ^_^ Do you know how to change titles on a page? For example, changing the [[Second Kinslaying]] to just Second Kinlaying? --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 17:20, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

:There's a "move" button, but I've been an admin for so long I don't remember whether this is admin-only or for everyone. Just suggest a move on the talk page. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:05, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

== [[Talk:The Hobbit (film series)]]/Mistakes ==

look what I have written in [[Talk:The Hobbit (film series)]] about some mistakes.

The of the page [[The Hobbit (film series)]] |the First Hobbit film]] and not about the The Hobbit film Project generally. I added the other two IMDB files about the other two movies but they dont appear on screen genrerally.That is why I have added all three IMDB files at the bottom of the page [[The Hobbit (film series)]]. Why are you insisting on that case? According to the title of the page ''The Hobbit (film series)'', that page talks about the The Hobbit film Project generally.So, that means the page is not only about the First Hobbit film.That is why I removed that IMDB file and I didnt remove the Hobbit Blog page. {{unsigned| 85.72.247.184 }}

:What you did didn't work because there is only one template parameter - imdb_id. imdb_id1, imdb_id2 and imdb_id3 don't exist in the template, so adding them won't change anything. A link to the first film suffices. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:00, 16 December 2015 (UTC)

Yes. I saw it and that is why I removed the IMDB file from the page [[The Hobbit (film series)]] and I didnt remove the Hobbit Blog page from there.Why are you insisting on keeping the IMDB file on [[The Hobbit (film series)]];Look at External links of [[The Hobbit (film series)]] and see what I have added. {{unsigned| 85.72.247.184 }}

:The first film suffices. Do not add the others again, that doesn't work. Also, IMDb is spelled with a lower case b. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:28, 16 December 2015 (UTC)

Why are you insisting on adding in Film infobox of the page [[The Hobbit (film series)]] the IMDb file of [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|the First Hobbit film]];It is not reasonable, especially since the fact the the IMDb file of the First Hobbit film alrady exists in the external links of the page [[The Hobbit (film series)]]. Moreover, the other reason is that this IMDb page in Film infobox is only about [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]].That is why I inisist on the fact that this is a mistake. I would suggest you to remove the IMDB file from the Film infobox of The Hobbit (film series). {{unsigned|85.72.247.184}}

:It's not a mistake. It's fine as it is now. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:51, 16 December 2015 (UTC)

You make a great mistake by keeping this file on infobox of the page, for the reasons that I told you. Moreover,someone else has made another mistakes on the same page.In Content '''See also''' of the same page someone has added all The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey tie-in books.I mean these books are mentioned in that content WHO has added these books and Why;What is the point. These books are also mentioned in the page [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]] and are related only to the First film and not to the Hobbit film project generally.Why doesnt someone remove these tie-in books from that content;It is not reasonable to exist, since that pages is about for the Hobbit film Project '''generally'''.

Won't you say something about it;Won't you say your opinion;

= 2016 =
== Spam Bots ==

Hope everything is going great with you Ederchil! Thanks for blocking those spam bots; just wanted to give you a heads up I changed the new user security questions so hopefully the account creations will subside. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 16:50, 24 January 2016 (UTC)

:Not much effort. We've had worse. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:22, 24 January 2016 (UTC)

== Explanation ==

Thank you.Because Tolien Gateway mentions the Awards that were won by the people who worked for the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series) ]] , why shouldnt I do the same the thing for the people who worked for [[The Hobbit (film series)]];

:No need to explain - that's indeed necessary. We just completely forgot. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:12, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

== Mistake ==

Mike Mizrahi played Thrain in flasback scene in the [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''.Specifically he portrayed him in [[The Battle of Azanulbizar]].[[Thomas Robins]] played him in the theatrical version.Specifically he portrayed him in Erebor scene (befor the attack of smaug in Erebor) in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''. {{unsigned|85.72.212.188}}

:It might not be wrong, but that was not the reason for reverting it. You added the names without updating the source. That source does not say three people played Thrain. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:17, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

== Explanation ==
Here there is category called <<Category:The Lord of the Rings (film series) cast>>.Why doesn't exist a similar category for the Hobbit film series this time; {{unsigned|85.72.212.188}}

:Sign your posts. Also, something that big requires discussion. As you can see, that category hasn't been touched in years, is woefully incomplete, and lacks companion categories (not just The Hobbit, also the previous movies, games, radio plays). --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:45, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

Then why there is the category called '''Category:The Lord of the Rings (film series) cast''' in Tolkien Gateway;
:SIGN. YOUR. POSTS.
:I asked a very similar question. Not why does it exist, but why should it exist? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 01:58, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

i have a question. Then why does the '''Category:The Lord of the Rings (film series) cast''' exist;For the same reason this category exist, this new categories that I suggested should be added.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 16:42, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

:It exists because it was created, but never filled, and then abandoned. I asked a counter-question - why should that old category exist? If we were to have this for LotR and the Hobbit, we should have this for every last adaptation - and that is overkill. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:09, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

:Then you have to delete this category(the '''Category:The Lord of the Rings (film series) cast''' ), but I dont think this is a bad idea.The opposite one.It's a good idea.For this reason I suggest to be created s similar category, but for the hobbit film series this time.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 17:42, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

:My point is: if we have one for the Hobbit movies (and LotR), we need one for EVERY adaptation, otherwise it's random. And we're not having that. So yeah, I'll probably get rid of that cat soon. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 16:32, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

:I didn't say for every adaption of Middle Earth.I talked about only film adaptions.It doesnt matter the kind of adaptions (if these adaptions are animated or live action or if these adaptions are for television-tv movies or tv series-or for cinema).Did you understand what I am saying; {{unsigned|85.72.212.188}}
::Did you understand what I was saying? Apparently not. a) SIGN YOUR POSTS. b) I didn't say you suggested that - having counterpart categories is an essential part of categorizing wikis. Having just a category for Hobbit or LotR actors is like just having a category for English or American people. You'll have to categorize EVERYONE, or none. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 16:58, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

:I disagree.I would like to explain some things. First, I have signed my last posts.Second what you added right now in pages [[Christopher Lee]] , [[Orlando Bloom]] and [[Elijah Wood]] I didnt think about it.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 19:32, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

::You were repeatedly told to sign your posts. Not just today. Also, what I did (and also what you did) to those articles is irrelevant to the discussion. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:03, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

:I didn't want to disturb you.Whatever question you want to ask me about that matter, just do it.Ask me whatever you want about the point.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 01:21, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

==Complaint and Explanations ==
Fool.Why did you do that? After all I have done? After all the editings that I have done in Tolkien Gateway;This is the way you thank me:By blogging me; If you want to complain about my behaviour youcan discuss about it either on my talk page or on your talk page.--[[User talk:85.72.212.188|85.72.212.188]] 01:10, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

== Asking for advice ==
I may have over-stepped myself trying to help Nienna-eve. I thought they were just innocent mistakes, but a lot of it gets repeated. Direct quotes were changed (with copy errors), infobox pictures were swapped without discussion (Estë, Arien, Tilion, & Nerdanel), naming style has been ignored, and an uncredited Tilion image was uploaded. I've tried to model and explain, but it didn't really help. At this point, I do not want to be seen as edit-warring for continuing to re-edit her work (it's not all bad! but there are things that I've fixed 2-3x already and I'm concerned that's pushing it). So, what do you think? Should I back off and leave it alone or continue to fix it when I see it? --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 03:39, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

:I've been a bit absent from checking all RC, sorry. I'll add something, but what you said is correct. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 11:51, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

==Tauriel==
Is this page really a 'mess'? It includes virtually all the known details about her in the 2 movies in which she appears. --[[User:BalrogTrainer|BalrogTrainer]] 02:31, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

:The history section should be in-universe. Apparently, we don't have an "out-of-universe" cleanup tag. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 09:45, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

==Upload Permissions==
Hey, Ederchil, could you take a look at my user permissions and see why I'm still not able to upload images? I've been a contributor and user for over 3 years; I'm not sure why I'm still not a confirmed user. And feel free to delete this off of your talk page once resolved. Thanks! -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 14:34, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

:What kind of error message are you getting? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:19, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

::None, I simply do not have the interface option to upload images. I do not believe I was ever autoconfirmed, despite the age and activity of my account. -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 16:02, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

User:Smog

2016-09-06T15:05:36Z

Smog:

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===Introduction===
Hello, and welcome to my profile. I'm Smog, and I am a devoted student of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work. I currently live in St. Louis, Missouri where I go to school as well as work as a T.A. for my department. Outside of school, I play video games (old school RPGs, [[Lord of the Rings Online]], Mass Effect multiplayer, and other various MMOs as they get released), bowl, write, and play board games or tabletop RPGs with my friends.
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===Focus and Areas of Interest===
I am currently working on my graduate degree with my primary focus in Tolkien's work: mainly the early [[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]] volumes. My main interests, and the bulk of my writing, concerns the creation of his mythos, and the songs, music, and poetry that play such an important role throughout his writings. My expertise lies in anything concerning the [[Years of the Lamps]] and [[Years of the Trees]]. My [[First Age]] lore is better than most and (compared to other Tolkien scholars) I'm out of my league concerning the [[Second Age]] or beyond. I have a certain obsession with the [[Ainulindalë (song)|Ainulindalë]] and the [[Two Trees of Valinor]]. If you have any questions regarding the creation story of [[Eä]] or the times before the [[Years of the Sun]], don't hesitate to contact me!
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Contact Information===
* '''Email:''' {{nospam|apitch85|yahoo.com}}
* '''IRC:''' Smog on irc.tolkiengateway.net
* Or always on my [[User_talk:Smog|talk page]].
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===What I Do Here===
Mainly small edits, grammar corrections, redirects, and general cleanup. My personal belief is that the Gateway should be as efficient and organized as possible, so most of my time is spent to that end. I also keep an eye on most of the articles concerning my particular interests mentioned above. As I am still a full-time student, as well as an instructor, my spare time is limited, so I am not currently able to devote as much time as I would like to the Gateway.
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Current Projects===
* See [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects]]
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Random Facts===
* I strongly believe that [[Tom Bombadil]] is the embodiment and echo of the Ainulindalë.
* My favorite characters are Tom Bombadil, [[Glorfindel]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]], and [[Tuor]].
* I hesitantly enjoy the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]], despite their omission of both Tom Bombadil and Glorfindel.
* Despite their many problems, I also hesitantly enjoy [[The Hobbit (film series)]], if only for their larger inclusion of canonical music.
* I plan on getting a tattoo of [[Telperion]] and [[Laurelin]] (one on each calf) the day after I receive my Ph.D. and a tattoo of the [[Silmarils]] the day after I am hired on to a tenure track professorship position.
* Before I die, I want to sail west from the U.K. to Ireland in an Elvish-style boat that I build myself.
* My girlfriend and I have several cats, who we would feed before we fed ourselves if it came down to it.
* I maintain around a 200 average in league bowling, which I participate in year-round with my friends.
* No, my name is not a poorly spelled reference to [[Smaug]].
* I shamelessly ripped off [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]'s user page format.
</td></tr></table>
</td>

<td valign="top">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 343px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 2px; clear: left; clear:right;" align="right">
<tr><td style="padding-right: 35px;">
<center>
{{Maiar infobox
|image=[[.jpg|250px]]
|name=Smog
|othernames=Art P.
|birth=October 12th, 1985
|death=Date unknown, [[Valinor]]
|race=Vanyar
|gender=Male
|height=6'0"
|hair=Blonde
|eyes=Green
}}
</center>
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 300px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 2px; clear: left; clear: right;" align="right">
<tr><td>
{|align=center border=2 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
!align=center bgcolor=#d1d1d1|[[Tolkien Gateway:Userboxes|Badges]]
|-
|{{user lore-4}}

|-
|{{user Elves}}

|-
|{{user good}}

|-
|{{user balrogwings}}

|-
|{{user dagor-yes}}

|-
|{{user entwives4}}

|-
|{{user TSmember}}

|-
|{{user chrome}}

|-
|{{user USA}}

|-
|{{user randompage}}

|-
|{{user recentchanges}}

|-
|{{user ref}}
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 325px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 2px; clear: left; clear:right;" align="right">
<tr><td>

''<small>Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow,''<br />
''Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.''<br />
''None has ever caught him yet, for Tom, he is the master:''<br />
''His songs are stronger songs, and his feet are faster.</small>''

</td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</table>
[[Category:IRC users|Smog]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]

User:Smog

2016-09-06T14:45:56Z

Smog: Overdue update

__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="100%">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td width="100%">
===Introduction===
Hello, and welcome to my profile. I'm Smog, and I am a devoted student of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work. I currently live in St. Louis, Missouri where I go to school as well as work as a T.A. for my department. Outside of school, I play video games (old school RPGs, [[Lord of the Rings Online]], Mass Effect multiplayer, and other various MMOs as they get released), bowl, write, and play board games or tabletop RPGs with my friends.
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="100%">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td width="100%">
===Focus and Areas of Interest===
I am currently working on my graduate degree with my primary focus in Tolkien's work: mainly the early [[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]] volumes. My main interests, and the bulk of my writing, concerns the creation of his mythos, and the songs, music, and poetry that play such an important role throughout his writings. My expertise lies in anything concerning the [[Years of the Lamps]] and [[Years of the Trees]]. My [[First Age]] lore is better than most and (compared to other Tolkien scholars) I'm out of my league concerning the [[Second Age]] or beyond. I have a certain obsession with the [[Ainulindalë (song)|Ainulindalë]] and the [[Two Trees of Valinor]]. If you have any questions regarding the creation story of [[Eä]] or the times before the [[Years of the Sun]], don't hesitate to contact me!
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Contact Information===
* '''Email:''' {{nospam|apitch85|yahoo.com}}
* '''IRC:''' Smog on irc.tolkiengateway.net
* Or always on my [[User_talk:Smog|talk page]].
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===What I Do Here===
Mainly small edits, grammar corrections, redirects, and general cleanup. My personal belief is that the Gateway should be as efficient and organized as possible, so most of my time is spent to that end. I also keep an eye on most of the articles concerning my particular interests mentioned above. As I am still a full-time student, as well as an instructor, my spare time is limited, so I am not currently able to devote as much time as I would like to the Gateway.
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Current Projects===
* See [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects]]
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 4px; clear: left;">
<tr><td>
===Random Facts===
* I strongly believe that [[Tom Bombadil]] is the embodiment and echo of the Ainulindalë.
* My favorite characters are Tom Bombadil, [[Glorfindel]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felegund]], and [[Tuor]].
* I hesitantly enjoy the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]], despite their omission of both Tom Bombadil and Glorfindel.
* Despite their many problems, I also hesitantly enjoy [[The Hobbit (film series)]], if only for their larger inclusion of canonical music.
* I plan on getting a tattoo of [[Telperion]] and [[Laurelin]] (one on each calf) the day after I receive my Ph.D. and a tattoo of the [[Silmarils]] the day after I am hired on to a tenure track professorship position.
* Before I die, I want to sail west from the U.K. to Ireland in an Elvish-style boat that I build myself.
* My girlfriend and I have several cats, who we would feed before we fed ourselves if it came down to it.
* I maintain around a 200 average in league bowling, which I participate in year-round with my friends.
* No, my name is not a poorly spelled reference to [[Smaug]].
* I shamelessly ripped off [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]'s user page format.
</td></tr></table>
</td>

<td valign="top">
<table style="padding: 5px; width: 343px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 2px; clear: left; clear:right;" align="right">
<tr><td style="padding-right: 35px;">
<center>
{{Maiar infobox
|image=[[.jpg|250px]]
|name=Smog
|othernames=Art P.
|birth=October 12th, 1985
|death=Date unknown, [[Valinor]]
|race=Vanyar
|gender=Male
|height=6'0"
|hair=Blonde
|eyes=Green
}}
</center>
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 300px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 2px; clear: left; clear: right;" align="right">
<tr><td>
{|align=center border=2 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
!align=center bgcolor=#d1d1d1|[[Tolkien Gateway:Userboxes|Badges]]
|-
|{{user lore-4}}

|-
|{{user Elves}}

|-
|{{user good}}

|-
|{{user balrogwings}}

|-
|{{user dagor-yes}}

|-
|{{user entwives4}}

|-
|{{user TSmember}}

|-
|{{user chrome}}

|-
|{{user USA}}

|-
|{{user randompage}}

|-
|{{user recentchanges}}

|-
|{{user ref}}
</td></tr></table>

<table style="padding: 5px; width: 325px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; -moz-border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 2px; clear: left; clear:right;" align="right">
<tr><td>

''<small>Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow,''<br />
''Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.''<br />
''None has ever caught him yet, for Tom, he is the master:''<br />
''His songs are stronger songs, and his feet are faster.</small>''

</td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</table>
[[Category:IRC users|Smog]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]

User talk:Ederchil

2016-09-06T14:34:18Z

Smog:

Forums:How to upload images?

2016-08-26T17:45:32Z

Smog:

{{Counciltop}}



I've been playing about in my sandbox and cannot for the life of me work out how to add upload an image/file. The help text tells me to select "upload image" from the toolbox or in the editor, but there is no such feature. I've been exploring this for about an hour. I must be stupid because I just can't see anything at all...

What's the secret?

Thanks.

:"Upload file" in the left rail. Make sure you read the [[Tolkien Gateway:Image policy|image policy]] first. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:02, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Can you be a bit more specific? I cannot see it.

::Hi there. I think you just need to look on the left hand panel a little more closely. But once you find the "Upload file" link, read the Image directions carefully. I kept having to edit my image uploads due to mistakes, so to save you that trouble here are some basic steps that I learned from Mith and other admin.

::If it is your own personal picture, you can click "Upload file" under Toolbox (center of the left hand panel), browse for your image, upload it, name it exactly how you want for the Destination filename (you can include special characters, too), and for the Summary description you can include whatever because it's your picture.

::From the drop down menu, select the license type, if it's just your own picture like your face, pictures of your bookcase, or whatever, select "Own work under GFDL". Always select an image appropriate license type see, Help:Images.

::If the picture is from another artist and you have their '''permission''', in writing, including the name they want their art listed under and what website (if any) they want it linked to, you have to do the following steps when you upload it:

::1. Create (if needed) and complete a Tolkien_Gateway:Copyrights/ArtistName page (if you need help, look at how other pages were made or ask, and to check if they already have one see: Tolkien_Gateway:Copyrights)

::2. Follow the directions above for selecting and properly naming the image, and in the Summary box, see Licensing below or 'File licensing templates' for exactly what to write.

::3. Select '''permission granted''' from the license drop down menu, you will not need to edit it again because that info will show up automatically from your description summary. Fill in the variables as needed. You may only need two categories 'Images by Artist' and 'Images of Character Name', but if you need more, add another in the same way.

::This is what I write in the Summary box of an artist's image when I am going to upload it:
::== Licensing ==
::<nowiki>{{Copyright-permission|ARTIST|[AristURL(Space)DeviantArt]|ARTIST}}</nowiki>
::<nowiki>[[Category:Images by ARTIST]]</nowiki>
::<nowiki>[[Category:Images of CHARACTER]]</nowiki>

::DeviantArt can be replaced by anything like WordPress, Tumblr, Facebook, or whatever. I think that's everything for the two basic types of image uploads, but you can always follow-up with an admin. Most of the information is in the help files. Please sign your posts so it's timestamped and linked to your name. Press the Pen icon next to the chain links. --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 19:27, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Thank you. I have copyright over the images.

However, my problem is that I cannot see any "upload file" button or link anywhere. The left panel lists Navigation, Toolbox and Personal Tools with no subheadings of any relevance. The Toolbox subheadings are: What links here, Related changes, and Special pages. {{unsigned|Palantirion}}

:Ah, that explains it. I think you're not autoconfirmed yet. New users have limited privileges, as a security measure. I think you need four days and 10 edits. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 20:12, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

::Hooray! Problem solved. While you're waiting, go fix some stuff. :) --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 20:18, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

lol. Thnaks.

Yes, the first thing I shall correct is the help article to include that bit of quite important information... ;)

I've made ten contributions (not including these posts, of course) and have been a member for 5 days. Still no option to add images... :(

:I've been a user and contributor for over 3 years with far more than 10 edits, and I cannot upload images or files, either. Don't feel too bad. :P -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 17:45, 26 August 2016 (UTC)

Thorin and Company

2016-08-26T15:29:45Z

Smog: Grammar and syntax

{{organization
| image=[[File:Frank Rivolli - The Dwarfs.jpg|180px]]
| name=Thorin and Company
| othernames=
| founder=[[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]]
| founded={{TA|2941}}
| race=
| members=[[Thorin]], [[Balin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Fíli]], [[Kíli]], [[Dori]], [[Nori]], [[Ori]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], [[Bombur]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]
| location=
| achievements=Death of [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]], Re-establishment of the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]], Reclamation of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], Recovery of the [[Arkenstone]]
| disbanded={{TA|2941|n}}
| destroyed=
}}
'''Thorin and Company''' refers to the thirteen exiled [[Dwarves]] under the leadership of [[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]] and the one [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]], who famously traveled through [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]] to the [[Lonely Mountain]], to recover their ancient treasure from the Kingdom of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], stolen by the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]].

Thorin's company were:
*[[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]], descendants of [[Náin II]]
*[[Óin]] and [[Glóin]], cousins of Balin and Dwalin
*[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], nephews of Thorin
*[[Dori]], [[Nori]], and [[Ori]], Dwarves of the [[House of Durin]]
*[[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], and [[Bombur]], descendants of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|Dwarves of Moria]]<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>
*And Bilbo Baggins, a Hobbit of [[the Shire]]<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref>
They were joined by [[Gandalf]] for part of the journey.

Thorin referred to himself and his Dwarven companions as "Thorin and Company" in the opening line of the message left on Bilbo's mantelpiece after the [[An Unexpected Party|unexpected party]] at [[Bag End]].<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{Thorin and Company}}
{{companyroute}}
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[de:Thorin & Co.]]
[[fi:Thorinin seurue]]

Bows

2016-08-24T16:23:38Z

Smog: /* Bows by Faction */ Grammar, syntax

{{sources}}
[[File:John Howe - Elven Bow.jpg|frame|[[John Howe]] - ''Elven Bow'']]
'''Bows''' were a common weapon in [[Arda]]. All peoples, Good and Evil, were known to used them, most notable of them being the [[Elves]], the [[Númenóreans]], [[Rohirrim]], [[Orcs]] and even [[Hobbits]].<ref>[[Anthony Burdge]], [[Jessica Burke]], "Weapons, Named"; in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]'' (edited by [[Michael D.C. Drout]])</ref>

==Overview==
Bows varied in shape, size and material. While [[Elves|elven]] flawless bows were made from wood, [[Númenóreans|Numenorean]] and [[Orcs|Orcish]] bows were made of steel, forged in armories.{{fact}} It is said in a poem that [[Eärendil]] wielded a bow "made of dragon-horn".<ref>{{FR|Earendil}}</ref>
==Bows by Faction==
*'''[[Elves]]''' of [[Doriath]] and [[Lothlórien]] used longbows which were, as their name suggests, longer bows which could shoot farther and higher than any other types of bows. Elves were the first race to develop and master the use of bows, and later passed their knowledge to [[Men]].

*'''[[Númenóreans]]''' used a type of bow called the steelbow, which was hollow and made of steel, as its name implies. It was much feared by their enemies.<ref>{{HM|UT}}</ref>

* The '''[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]''' army contains units of archers who use a longbow. The bows are made of heartwood, about 68 inches tall. The arrows are about 28 inches long with four-inch steel tips. They're accurate up to 200 yards. The longbowmen of the army wear their quiver (the case that holds the arrows) on their hips rather than on their backs like most archers. Bows were also the primary weapon of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]].<ref>{{HM|TT}}</ref>

*'''[[Rohirrim]]''' archers used shortbows, possibly because they fought mounted on horses. The shortbows were much less powerful than those used by other [[Men]], having a range of only 125 yards.

*'''[[Hobbits]]''' also used bows. Hobbit archers fought for [[Arnor]] in the [[Battle of Fornost]]<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>, and also participated in the [[Battle of Bywater]].<ref>{{RK|Scouring}}</ref>

*'''[[Orcs]]''' used bows for hunting, as well as weapons of war. Orcish bows were made of steel, and thus were likely heavy and difficult to use. Bows and crossbows were used as a weapon by the fierce [[Uruk-hai]] in the [[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]].

==Notable bowmen==
* [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]] who bore [[Belthronding]]
* [[Bard]] who slew the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]] with his [[Black Arrow]]
* [[Legolas]], a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]

==In other languages==
*[[Quenya]]: ''quinga''
*[[Sindarin]]/[[Noldorin]]: ''ping'', ''cú''
*[[Nandorin]]: ''cogn''

The forms ''quinga'', ''ping'' are cognates deriving from the [[Primitive Quendian]] ''kwingā''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry KWIG (in that source the first word is spelled ''qinga'', and the second is [[Noldorin]].</ref>

The form ''cogn'', is derived from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''kuȝnā'', itself representing the [[root]] KUȜ.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry KUȜ, p. 365</ref>

==Inspirations==
It is possible Tolkien's fascination with bows came from Red Indian stories:
{{quote|Red Indians were better: there were bows and arrows (I had and have a wholly unsatisfied desire to shoot well with a bow)|[[On Fairy-Stories]]}}
{{quote|But he [Tolkien] liked Red Indian stories and longed to shoot with a bow and arrow.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

The Numenorean steelbows are perhaps paralleled to the medieval [[Wikipedia:arbalest|arbalest]]: probably required much strength to pull, and thus perhaps a lower rate of fire.
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''[[2001]]-[[2003]]: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Bows, just like all weapons from the films, were designed during the pre-production by artists like [[Warren Mahy]], with aid from [[Alan Lee]] and [[John Howe]]. The majorty of them were hand-crafted by [[Weta Workshop]] employees.<ref>''[[Weta Workshop (featurette)]]''</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of bows|Images of bows]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Weapons]]

Bows

2016-08-24T16:20:01Z

Smog:

{{sources}}
[[File:John Howe - Elven Bow.jpg|frame|[[John Howe]] - ''Elven Bow'']]
'''Bows''' were a common weapon in [[Arda]]. All peoples, Good and Evil, were known to used them, most notable of them being the [[Elves]], the [[Númenóreans]], [[Rohirrim]], [[Orcs]] and even [[Hobbits]].<ref>[[Anthony Burdge]], [[Jessica Burke]], "Weapons, Named"; in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]'' (edited by [[Michael D.C. Drout]])</ref>

==Overview==
Bows varied in shape, size and material. While [[Elves|elven]] flawless bows were made from wood, [[Númenóreans|Numenorean]] and [[Orcs|Orcish]] bows were made of steel, forged in armories.{{fact}} It is said in a poem that [[Eärendil]] wielded a bow "made of dragon-horn".<ref>{{FR|Earendil}}</ref>
==Bows by Faction==
*'''[[Elves]]''' of [[Doriath]] and [[Lothlórien]] used longbows which were, as their name suggests, longer bows which could shoot farther and higher than any other types of bows. Elves were the first race to develop and master the use of bows, and later passed their knowledge to [[Men]].

*'''[[Númenóreans]]''' used a type of bow called the '''steelbow''', which was hollow and made of steel, as its name implies. It was much feared by their enemies.<ref>{{HM|UT}}</ref>

* The '''[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]''' army contains units of archers who use a longbow. The bows are made of heartwood, about 68 inches tall. The arrows are about 28 inches long with four-inch steel tips. They're accurate up to 200 yards. The longbowmen of the army wear their quiver (the case that holds the arrows) on their hips rather than on their backs like most archers. Bows were aslo the primary weapon of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]]. <ref>{{HM|TT}}</ref>

*'''[[Rohirrim]]''' archers used shortbows, possibly because they fought mounted on horses. The shortbows were much less powerful than those used by other [[Men]], having a range of only 125 yards.

*'''[[Hobbits]]''' also used bows. Hobbit archers fought for [[Arnor]] in the [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> Archers also participated in the [[Battle of Bywater]].<ref>{{RK|Scouring}}</ref>

*'''[[Orcs]]''' used bows for hunting, as well as for a weapon in war. Orcish bows were made of steel, and probably were much heavy and difficult in use. Bows and crossbows were used as a weapon by the fierce [[Uruk-hai]] in the [[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]].

==Notable bowmen==
* [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]] who bore [[Belthronding]]
* [[Bard]] who slew the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]] with his [[Black Arrow]]
* [[Legolas]], a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]

==In other languages==
*[[Quenya]]: ''quinga''
*[[Sindarin]]/[[Noldorin]]: ''ping'', ''cú''
*[[Nandorin]]: ''cogn''

The forms ''quinga'', ''ping'' are cognates deriving from the [[Primitive Quendian]] ''kwingā''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry KWIG (in that source the first word is spelled ''qinga'', and the second is [[Noldorin]].</ref>

The form ''cogn'', is derived from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''kuȝnā'', itself representing the [[root]] KUȜ.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry KUȜ, p. 365</ref>

==Inspirations==
It is possible Tolkien's fascination with bows came from Red Indian stories:
{{quote|Red Indians were better: there were bows and arrows (I had and have a wholly unsatisfied desire to shoot well with a bow)|[[On Fairy-Stories]]}}
{{quote|But he [Tolkien] liked Red Indian stories and longed to shoot with a bow and arrow.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

The Numenorean steelbows are perhaps paralleled to the medieval [[Wikipedia:arbalest|arbalest]]: probably required much strength to pull, and thus perhaps a lower rate of fire.
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''[[2001]]-[[2003]]: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Bows, just like all weapons from the films, were designed during the pre-production by artists like [[Warren Mahy]], with aid from [[Alan Lee]] and [[John Howe]]. The majorty of them were hand-crafted by [[Weta Workshop]] employees.<ref>''[[Weta Workshop (featurette)]]''</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of bows|Images of bows]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Weapons]]

Talk:Morgoth

2014-09-26T02:36:32Z

Smog: /* Recent Activity */ Further explanation of intention

can we add the daniel govar picture of him please? {{unsigned|151.197.54.48}}

:Good idea. I've added Govar's illustration as well as a few others. Thanks for the input. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 22:42, 8 September 2006 (EDT)

::no, hyarion i meant moving the daniel govar image to images of morgoth category.{{unsigned|70.20.238.224}}

:::Hm, then I guess I'm still confused, which image are you referring to? The image of Morgoth/Melkor by Govar currently in the article was uploaded after you posted that so you must have been referring to another image. I suppose we should merge Category:Images of Melkor and [[:Category:Images of Morgoth]], I'll do that now. Thanks again for your input. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 12:19, 10 September 2006 (EDT)

== timo vihola picture ==

can someone add the timo vihola picture of him to the images of melkor category? {{unsigned|72.94.255.194}}
:Great suggestion, the image has been added. I have also moved all the Images of Melkor to [[:Category:Images of Morgoth|Images of Morgoth]] --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 14:49, 11 November 2006 (EST)

== elfenomeno images ==

can we add the elfenomeno images of him to the pictures of morgoth section?

:Thanks for your suggestion. Can you specify exactly which images you would like to see uploaded? If you like it might be easier to login and use the "Upload" link on the left so you could upload any images yourself. Thanks again for your input. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 02:00, 16 December 2006 (EST)

== mikel janin image ==

can we add the mikel janin image of him to the images of morgoth section?

== Morgoth's lust?? ==

This is just a minor detail, but it struck me as pretty strange (and somewhat out of context) while reading this article. It says that Morgoth "lusted after Lúthien". Now, the Silmarillion simply says that he "conceived in his mind an evil lust" ("lust" doesn't have the modern sexual meaning in Tolkien's writings, it simply means a wish, ambition or desire). Compare the passage in the Book of Lost Tales: "his dark mind pondered some evil", and in the Quenta (The Shaping of Middle Earth): "he plotted foul evil within his heart". In my opinion, the sentence of the article is making too many assumptions here.{{Unsigned|95.22.115.34}}

:Good point. Feel free to change to a better wording. Thanks! --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 19:02, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

== Recent Activity ==

It seems like this article has seen a great deal of increased activity lately. Much of it has either been irrelevant to Morgoth, misinformation, poorly written, and/or plainly false. I know everyone does what they can patrolling recent changes, but if some extra attention could be devoted to keeping an eye on this article for a bit, I'd appreciate it. I think it goes without saying this article is centric enough to the mythos that it should be of the upmost quality. Thanks. -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 06:24, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

:I think you've volunteered for that role! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 09:20, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

::I am already doing what I can (this is one of the pages on my watch list.), but I cannot always catch everything. Due to the high number of repeated incorrect edits, I often cannot simply revert the changes. I was asking for others to possibly help me keep an eye on it for awhile if they had time. I would never request assistance with something I wasn't already doing myself. -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 02:36, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

Talk:Morgoth

2014-09-25T06:24:30Z

Smog: /* Recent Activity */ new section

Morgoth

2014-09-25T06:16:13Z

Smog: /* Time in Valinor */ This information has little to nothing to do with Melkor and is unnecessary/redundant information for this article.

{{sources}}{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - And Morgoth came.jpg|250px]]
| name=Morgoth
| othernames=See [[Morgoth#Names|names]]
| created=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| years=c. [[Years of the Lamps 1|Y.L. 1]]-[[Years of the Lamps 1500|Y.L. 1500]], c. [[Years of the Lamps 3400|Y.L. 3400]]-{{YT|1100}}, c. {{YT|1500}}-{{FA|590}}
| age=
| destroyed=Thrust into the [[Void]] {{FA|590}}
| realm=[[Utumno]], [[Angband]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Ainur]]
| appearance=As [[Dark Lord]], assumed tall, dark, terrible form
| accomplishments=Disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur|Music]], [[Arda Marred|corrupted]] [[Arda]], Controlled all of [[Middle-earth]] for a time, created [[Orcs]], destroyed the [[Two Trees]], stole the [[Silmarils]], took over [[Beleriand]], destroyed the [[Two Lamps]]
}}
'''Morgoth''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmorɡoθ]}}), also known as '''[[Morgoth#Names|Melkor]]''', was the greatest of the [[Ainur]]. He fell from glory when he disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur]] and defied the will of [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]]. Morgoth corrupted many of the Ainur to his allegiance, fought the [[Valar]], and corrupted [[Arda]]. His theft of the [[Silmarils]] and [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against [[Elves]] and [[Men]] encompassed much of the history of the [[First Age]]. Eventually, Morgoth was bound in chains by the Valar and thrown into the [[Void]], leaving the permanent damage his evils had done, and his servant [[Sauron]], to trouble the world. One day, according to [[Final Battle|prophecy]], Morgoth will rise again in great wrath, but he will be destroyed in the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]].{{Pronounce|Sindarin - Morgoth.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

==History==
The first and most powerful of the [[Ainur]] that [[Ilúvatar]] created was a spirit known as Melkor. Because he wandered through the [[Void]] in an attempt to find and use the [[Flame Imperishable]], the source of [[Ilúvatar]]'s creative activity, Melkor developed ideas unlike those of the other Ainur. His feelings grew rebellious against his creator, for he wished to create sentient beings to inhabit the Void and was dissatisfied by the fact that Ilúvatar had not done so. However, Melkor could not find the Flame, for it was not in the Void, but with Ilúvatar.

===The Music of the Ainur===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Melkor weaves Opposing Music'']]
When the Ainur [[Music of the Ainur|made music]], Melkor weaved his strange thoughts into his song. His song clashed against the Theme of Ilúvatar, disturbing the Ainur around him and causing some of them to attune their music to his. For a while the Theme of Ilúvatar and the discords of Melkor warred against one another. But Eru smiled, and sent forth a new theme. Most of the Ainur joined with it, but Melkor rebelliously opposed it even more violently. At last many of the Ainur stopped singing in dismay, and Melkor’s discords gained dominance. Eru sent out a third Theme against Melkor, sweeter and more beautiful than the others, and unquenchable. But though Melkor could not defeat it, still he opposed it. At last Eru halted the music completely with a single chord.

Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music found its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways. Melkor was shamed and angered by this judgment, but hid his feelings. When Eru showed the Ainur the product of their music, [[Eä]], Melkor was one of those who begged to enter [[Arda]], pretending to be willing to cultivate it and guide it for Ilúvatar’s glory. He actually wished to dominate Arda and its creatures, especially the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Nonetheless, he was allowed to enter Eä and come to Arda with the other [[Valar]]. Once there, Melkor declared to his colleagues that he was the master of Arda henceforth. [[Manwë]], his brother, did not understand his evil, but fearing that Melkor might try and disrupt their labors in Arda, called forth many more Ainur to protect them. Melkor departed to the remote regions of Eä, leaving the world in peace for a while.

===Wars of the Valar===
But Melkor took form, great and terrible, and attacked the Valar’s work in preparing the Earth. There was war, the [[First War with Melkor]], and though he disrupted their work and destroyed much, a great spirit named [[Tulkas]] came to Arda from other regions of Eä to combat him. After Tulkas drove Melkor away, the Valar managed to complete Arda, and the world was established.

The Valar dwelt in a land called [[Almaren]], and raised up [[two lamps]] to light the young earth: [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. Melkor, meanwhile, had attracted the attention and even in a few cases admiration from the [[Maiar]], the lesser spirits of [[Arda]]. Melkor had many spies among them, and from them learned all that the Valar did, and bided his time. As the Valar sat down to a feast at the completion of their labors, Melkor gathered together those loyal to him, and looking down on the beautiful Arda was filled with hatred. Tulkas was wedded to [[Nessa]] at that feast, and she danced before the Valar. Tulkas fell asleep, and that is when Melkor struck.

Melkor with his host passed over the [[Walls of Night]] and returned to Arda once more. Without the watchfulness of Tulkas, the Valar were unaware of his coming, and he began to delve in the depths of the earth, making a fortress called [[Utumno]] northwards beneath the mountains in the dimness of Illuin. The [[Spring of Arda]] became blighted as the cold evil flowed out of the fortress. Death and illness took the green things of Arda, and animals fought and killed one another, while flies brooded in massive numbers. The Valar knew then that Melkor was at work, and sought his hiding place.

But Melkor struck the first blow. He destroyed the Two Lamps, and caused the world to be filled with flowing fire and surging water. The symmetry of Arda was broken. And in the darkness and confusion Melkor escaped, returning to Utumno. Though together the Valar were stronger than Melkor, they could not punish him at that time, for they needed their strength to keep the world from collapsing into ruin. The Spring of Arda had ended in turmoil.

===Dominance of Middle-earth===
With Almaren destroyed, the Valar departed to a new continent across the [[Belegaer|sea]], [[Aman]], and built [[Valinor]]. They also established new sources of light, the [[Two Trees]], to light the world. Melkor, meanwhile, wandered across the face of [[Middle-earth]], in various guises, but armed with cold and fire. Some of the Valar were unwilling to forsake Middle-earth, however; [[Ulmo]] and [[Yavanna]], particularly. Also [[Oromë]] would ride in Middle-earth, killing the terrors of Melkor, who began to fear that the Valar might rise up against him in wrath.

Melkor brooded in the north and built his strength, gathering his demons about him, breeding great monsters, attended by his Maiar-servants later known as [[Balrogs]]. He also created another fortress and armory called [[Angband]], in the northwest of Middle Earth, to resist any Valarin attacks. He placed his greatest servant, [[Sauron]], in control of that stronghold. Melkor, by wandering about, also learned of the awakening of the first of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], the [[Elves]]. He instilled fear in them, and slew or captured many of them. Some of those he captured, it is believed, may have been transformed into [[Orcs]] by torture and breeding.

===Time in Valinor===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - The Captivity of Morgoth.jpg|thumb|left|Jacek Kopalski - ''The Captivity of Morgoth'']]

The Valar were not long, however, in discovering the Elves. Fearing that they would be destroyed or corrupted by Melkor, Manwë decided that Ilúvatar wished them to recover Middle-earth at all costs. They laid [[Siege of Utumno|siege to Utumno]], and eventually destroyed it after a great battle during which the face of Middle-earth was transformed. Melkor was [[Captivity of Melkor|captured]] and chained with the chain [[Angainor]], but Sauron escaped. Melkor was imprisoned in the halls of [[Mandos]], and remained there for three ages, plotting revenge.

At the end of his time, Melkor was presented to his brother Manwë. Melkor, swallowing his pride with thoughts of vengeance, prostrated himself before the throne of Manwë, begging for pardon. Manwë granted him thus, though [[Ulmo]] and [[Tulkas]] were displeased with this judgement. Yet the Valar would not let him leave their sight, and he stayed in [[Valmar]]. Before long, he began to exert his corrupting influence on the Elves, especially the [[Noldor]]. For the [[Vanyar]] did not trust him, and the [[Teleri]] he thought too weak for his designs, but the Noldor were curious, and eager to learn what he could teach them.

===Revenge against the Valar===
[[File:John Howe - The Killing of the Trees.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''The Killing of the Trees'']]
In time Melkor found his greatest adversary and yet greatest tool in the form of [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. Fëanor was the creator of the [[Silmarils]], which Melkor lusted after. As Melkor subtly spread lies and half-truths about the Valar and the Coming of [[Men]] in the form of rumors, Fëanor was greatly influenced, though he hated Melkor himself and had no idea that he was their source. His new ideas of wide lands and realms to rule touched the heart of Fëanor, and the hearts of many other Noldor. They began to murmur against the Valar, and the peace of Valinor was disturbed. Fëanor soon stirred up trouble, and while on trial before the Valar it was revealed that Melkor was at the bottom of the murmurings and troubles. Tulkas left straight-away to deal with him, but found Melkor gone. He had escaped.

Melkor was not seen for a while, but then appeared at [[Formenos]] to Fëanor, tempting him with words of friendship, and an offer of vengeance against the Valar whom Fëanor perceived had wronged him. Fëanor wavered, but Melkor pressed his advantage too much. He touched a chord about the Silmarils, and Fëanor, seeing his designs and lust for the jewels, cursed and rejected him. Melkor departed in anger, and went south past the mountain of [[Hyarmentir]], to the shadowed valley of [[Avathar]] where there dwelt [[Ungoliant]], a mysterious dark spirit in spider-form once his servant, but who had disowned him after his failure. After some time he convinced her to dismiss her fears with the offer of rich rewards, and she wove a cloak of shadow about them both.

Then Melkor and Ungoliant attacked while there was festival in [[Valmar]]. Melkor drained the [[Two Trees]] with his lance, and Ungoliant drank the blood. Then she drank dry the [[Wells of Varda]], and the two fled north to [[Formenos]], leaving the land once more in darkness and confusion. At Formenos Melkor slew [[Finwë]] and ravished the treasury of Fëanor, including the [[Silmarils]]. Then he passed over the icy [[Helcaraxë]], entering once more into [[Middle-earth]]. He was soon back in [[Angband]]. He had struck swiftly and surely. But Fëanor cursed him, naming him [[Morgoth]], and by that name he was known ever after to the Eldar.

===Return to Beleriand===

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils'']]

Once in safety, Ungoliant turned on her partner, demanding the jewels of Fëanor. The spider had grown in size and strength, and Morgoth, now very weak from his efforts, feared her suddenly. Lacking the strength to fight the monstrous spider, he reluctantly parted with each of the beautiful gems, and Ungoliant devoured them. But Morgoth refused to give up the Silmarils, and she encased him in webs, torturing him and nearly devouring him. A loud cry of desperation from Morgoth penetrated deep into the walls of Angband and was heeded by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] and the [[balrogs]], and they rescued him from her clutches, driving Ungoliant away with their whips. So Morgoth returned to Angband.

===Wars of Beleriand===
Morgoth rebuilt the fortress there, and learned of the Elves who had remained in Middle-earth. [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] and the [[Sindar]] dwelt in the woodland kingdom of [[Doriath]], while [[Círdan]] and the [[Teleri]] lived at the [[Falas]] and [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]] and the [[Nandor]] camped in [[Ossiriand]]. Morgoth made war on Thingol, surrounding Doriath and cutting Thingol off from Círdan. But Thingol was able to contact Denethor for help, and the Nandor joined with the Sindar to fight the [[Orcs]] between [[Aros]] and [[Gelion]]. Caught between the two armies, the Orcs of Morgoth were utterly defeated in the [[First Battle]]. Fleeing north they were intercepted and further demolished by the [[Naugrim]]. The Orcs attacking Círdan were more successful – pushing the Teleri to the very edge of the sea.

====Dagor-nuin-Giliath====
Morgoth was confronted by further challenges when Fëanor landed in Middle-earth. They set up at [[Mithrim]], but Morgoth [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath|attacked them]] quickly, hoping to dislodge them before they settled in too much and became a threat. But the Elves were just come out of [[Aman]], and they had the light of that country in their eyes. The Orcs dreaded them, and were swept before them like chaff before wind. Fëanor pursued them even nigh to the [[Thangorodrim]] and the gates of [[Angband]], but Morgoth sent out Gothmog and his balrogs. Fëanor was killed, but the balrogs were driven back. The Falas were freed, and though Morgoth had practically lost [[Beleriand]] outside of the [[Ered Engrin]], he was comforted in the fact that Fëanor was dead.

====Dagor Aglareb====
Yet [[Fingolfin]] came next, with his sons and the sons of [[Finarfin]]. They marched even to the gates of Angband, and yet could not go farther. As the Elves began to build (or rebuild) their kingdoms in Middle-earth, Morgoth waited sixty years before he struck again. It was the [[Dagor Aglareb]], the “Glorious Battle”, called such because it was a great victory for the Elves. Fingolfin and [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, combined their strength and repelled Morgoth. They then set up the [[Siege of Angband]], which was designed to keep Morgoth holed up in his fortress.

====Dagor Bragollach and Fingolfin====
[[Image:John Howe - Fingolfin's Challenge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Fingolfin's Challenge'']]Though Morgoth was not as helpless as he appeared, he remained dormant and hidden until {{FA|455}}. Then he surged forth suddenly, taking the slackened besiegers by surprise. Flames covered the formerly green [[Ard-galen]] (causing the battle to be known as the [[Dagor Bragollach]]), and several Noldor-lords fell in the succeeding combat. Much of Beleriand was overrun and [[Dorthonion]] was taken, as were northern [[Sirion]] and [[Maglor's Gap]]. In a single stroke Morgoth had broken the Siege of Angband, but the victory was not as complete as he would have preferred. [[Himring]] and [[Hithlum]] had held against him. King [[Fingolfin]] was dismayed and enraged by the defeat, and went to Angband. There he challenged Morgoth to single combat. Morgoth scoffed the warrior, and did not dare refuse his challenge. He strode out, his footsteps like thunder on the earth. He was clad in black armor with a spiked crown and shield, with [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]], the Hammer of the Underworld, and he and Fingolfin fought in a ferocious duel. Flames gashed from the earth with each strike of his hammer, but Fingolfin was faster and avoided each powerful, but slow, swing. The Elf-lord gave Morgoth seven wounds, and though Morgoth shouted in anguish, he was too powerful to be slain. Fingolfin grew weary and was struck down by Morgoth's shield. Thrice he staggered to his feet in vain, his crown and shield broken, and thrice Morgoth cast him down, before Fingolfin collapsed over one of the pits left by Grond. As Morgoth placed his foot on Fingolfin's neck to break it, Fingolfin ran his blade through his foot, and Morgoth’s blood filled pools made by his hammer. The enraged Morgoth crushed Fingolfin, though he was left with a permanent limp from the injury. Morgoth wished to rend the corpse and feed it to his wolves, but could not desecrate the body, for [[Thorondor]] flew in, scratching Morgoth's face and escaping with Fingolfin's body.

====The Quest for the Silmaril====
For some time after that the world lay in watchful discomfort. The southern part of [[Beleriand]] was, for the most part, free from Morgoth’s direct wrath. There arose two in [[Doriath]], [[Beren]] of [[House of Bëor|Bëor’s House]] and [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], Thingol’s daughter. These two lovers embarked on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]], in the process removing [[Sauron]] from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] and entering Angband in disguise. Morgoth plotted some evil against Lúthien when she stood exposed in his presence, but allowed her to dance for him and she lured him to sleep with her song. One of the Silmarils was stolen from his crown, and Morgoth bore only two until the [[War of Wrath]].

====Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
Some time after, in {{FA|471}}, [[Maedhros]] made a great [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] with the [[Naugrim]], [[Edain]], and other [[Noldor]]. They marched to challenge Morgoth, clearing Beleriand of his scattered forces. But Morgoth through his spies anticipated their actions, and met them with his allies the [[Easterlings]] in a huge battle in which he prevailed, and many princes and rulers of Men, Elves, and Dwarves fell. Thus the battle was named ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]'', “Battle of Unnumbered Tears”. Morgoth’s victory was almost complete, as he razed [[Hithlum]], the [[Falas]], the [[March of Maedhros]], as well as [[Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495|n}}. But [[Turgon]], King of [[Gondolin]], escaped by the valiant actions of the [[House of Hador]], the last of the [[Edain]] in the north. The survivors had all gone down to the [[Isle of Balar]] and the [[Mouths of Sirion]].

===The Curse of Morgoth===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Morgoth Punishes Húrin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Morgoth Punishes Húrin'']]
Morgoth took [[Húrin]], who had been captured during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and set him in the high places of Thangorodrim, to watch his family, whom Morgoth cursed. Upon the death of [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] and [[Nienor]], Húrin’s children, Morgoth released Húrin to further his cause.

===The Fall of Gondolin===
Some time later, by the aid of [[Maeglin]], a traitor-elf, Morgoth discovered and laid siege to [[Gondolin]]. [[Turgon]] King, the last male heir of Fingolfin’s house, was killed during the siege. Morgoth’s victory in the north was now complete, though he had lost [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] his captain and marshall of his armies. Also, a small remnant including [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] escaped the destruction of the city, bearing their son [[Eärendil]].

===The War of Wrath===
This was to be Morgoth’s doom, for some years later, Eärendil sailed to [[Valinor]] seeking the pardon of the [[Valar]]. This he earned, and the Valar advanced across [[Belegaer]] with a mighty host. Morgoth loosed all his demons and defenses against them, but could not stop their might. His dragons fell to the [[Eagles]], and [[Ancalagon]] was brought down by Eärendil himself from his ship, [[Vingilot]]. Morgoth was seized in his fortress Angband, his feet "hewn from under him, and he was hurled upon his face", the Silmarils were removed from his crown, and he was bound once more with the chain called Angainor.<ref>{{S|24}}</ref> This time, however, he was ejected from Arda and cast into the [[Void]]. But though he had been vanquished, Arda was forever marred, and there was one still at large to carry on his evil legacy: his greatest servant, the fallen Maia [[Sauron]].

==The Future==
Morgoth remains in the Void, unable to return to Arda as long as the Valar maintain their power over it. Nevertheless, according to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], Morgoth will come back and attack Arda. He will fight a great battle, called the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]], against the Valar and their allies, but will ultimately be slain by [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], the Man he cursed. By finally defeating Morgoth, Túrin will avenge not only himself, but all members of the race of Men, since Morgoth seduced them long ago.
In other versions Eönwë is the one who will kill Morgoth for his love for Arien (previously named Urwendi), instead of Turin. This is said at the end of The Hiding of Valinor. Either way, the prophecy states that Melkor will bring great devastation to Arda, which will be remade into a greater form after his permanent defeat.

==Legacy==
Morgoth's will was suffused into the matter of Arda, so in a sense he is never truly gone. Arda was [[Arda Marred|marred]] by him so deeply that only Eru could fully repair the damage. Those who wished to follow in Morgoth's footsteps, such as Sauron, found that by using his residual influence, they could easily corrupt races they wished to dominate.

==Characteristics==
It was said of Morgoth that "his might was greatest of all things in this world". Fitting to his name, Morgoth eventually took a form great and terrible, and soon was unable to leave it. He received many scars and wounds over the ages: his hands were burned forever when he touched the Silmarils, Fingolfin wounded him seven times during their battle as well as a wound the foot that caused him ever after to limp, Thorondor scarred his face with his talons. Physically, Morgoth was described as highly imposing, and was reckoned to a tower compared to the warrior Fingolfin, and the shadow of the shield he wielded was like a stormcloud. Ever since his downfall, Morgoth held a desire for power; above all else, however, Morgoth held deep hatred of the mere existence of intelligent or beautiful life. Unlike his servant Sauron, Morgoth's ultimate goal was solely the destruction, not control, of all that he despised. He was nonetheless persuasive, and could sway and corrupt many forms of life to become his willing servants.<ref name="Ruin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><ref>{{MR|Myths}}</ref>

Morgoth wielded [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]] in battle, a weapon he presumably forged himself in [[Angband]] (unless Sauron or [[Gothmog]] had held it safe after the [[Siege of Utumno]]), and was clad in black armor, with an iron crown. Morgoth was originally the most powerful of the Ainur and stronger than any other Vala; however, after his treachery, he continually spread his influence and might thin across Arda and suffered several defeats, and his power slowly, though significantly, weakened.<ref name="Ruin"/>

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Morgoth'' ("the Black Foe"<ref name=VT49a>{{VT|49a}}, pp. 24-5</ref> or "Dark Tyrant"<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref>) was given him by [[Fëanor]].

Tolkien experimented (but apparently never reached a decision) with different Quenya translations of ''Morgoth'': ''Moringotto'', ''Moriñgotho'', or ''Morikotto''.<ref name=VT49a/>

==Names==
===Melkor===
'''''Melkor''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmelkor]}}) means "mighty arising"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 115</ref> or "'Mighty-rising', [[Wikipedia:Viz.|sc.]] 'uprising of power'"<ref name=P4k>{{MR|P4k}}, p. 350</ref>. The name is generally used to refer to this [[Valar|Vala]] prior to his theft of the [[Silmarils]]; for after the theft [[Fëanor]] named him ''Morgoth''.

''Melkor'' is a compound of ''mbelek-'' (''melek'', "great, mighty, powerful"; root [[BEL|BEL, MBEL]]) + ''[[óre]]''.<ref name=PE17/>

The older form of ''Melkor'' is said to be ''Melkórë''.<ref name=P4k/>

In earlier versions of the [[legendarium]], the form of the name was ''Melko''.<ref>{{HM|HM}}</ref> At one instance in a late glossary (c. 1959), ''Melko'', meaning "simply 'the Mighty One'", is also said to be an alternative form of ''Melkor''.<ref name=P4k/>

===Other names and titles===
*'''''Bauglir''''', ([[S.]] "the Constrainer") was a title given to Melkor after his return to [[Angband]] at the beginning of the [[First Age]]. It was often combined with the name ''Morgoth'' to become the full title ''Morgoth Bauglir''.
* ''Dark King (of Angband)'' – given him by [[Men]]
* ''[[Dark Lord]]''
* [[Sindarin]] '''''Belegûr''''' ("he who arises in might") or '''''Belegurth''''' ("Great Death"; containing the element ''[[gurth]]'' "death")<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 358 (note 21)</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>
* ''King of the World'' - called thus himself after his return to the Middle-earth<ref>{{S|9}}.</ref>
* ''Black King''<ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 42</ref>
* ''Lord of All'' and ''Giver of Freedom'' – thus called by [[Sauron]] who encouraged [[Ar-Pharazôn]] to worship Melkor<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
* ''Lord of the Dark''
* ''Dark Hunter'' – Given him by the fearful early [[Elves]] before they met [[Oromë]]
* ''mbelekôro'' – [[Common Eldarin]]
* ''Great Enemy''
* ''Master of Lies'' - given him by [[Amlach]]<ref>{{S|17}}.</ref>
* ''Master of the fates of Arda'' - used by him when speaking to [[Húrin]]
* ''[[Elder King]]'' - used when speaking to [[Húrin]]<ref>{{CH|3}}, p. 64</ref>
* ''Melko, Belcha, Melegor, Meleko'' – Earlier names Tolkien used but abandoned

==Minions==
* [[Sauron]] – Greatest of his servants, later to become [[Lord of the Rings]], perished with [[the One Ring]]
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Lord of Balrogs]] – killed by [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[Glaurung]] – [[Father of Dragons]], killed by [[Túrin]]
* [[Draugluin]] - First of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Carcharoth]] - Greatest of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Thuringwethil]] - Vampire Herald of Sauron
* [[Ancalagon]] – Greatest of the [[Winged Dragons]], slain by [[Eärendil]]
* [[Othrod]] – [[Orcs|Orc]]-general during the Fall of Gondolin, killed by [[Tuor]]
* [[Lungorthin]] - A Balrog, Master of the Guard of Angband
* [[Fankil]] - Evil spirit, escaped from Utumno after its fall, leader of dark armies in the East (Palisor)

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Morgoth|Images of Morgoth]]

{{references}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Morgoth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/morgoth]]
[[fi:Morgoth]]

Morgoth

2014-09-18T06:12:17Z

Smog: /* Characteristics */ Removal of incorrect statement. Many other Ainur have recorded instances of feeling fear. Olorin, Mairon, Curumo, etc

{{sources}}{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - And Morgoth came.jpg|250px]]
| name=Morgoth
| othernames=See [[Morgoth#Names|names]]
| created=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| years=c. [[Years of the Lamps 1|Y.L. 1]]-[[Years of the Lamps 1500|Y.L. 1500]], c. [[Years of the Lamps 3400|Y.L. 3400]]-{{YT|1100}}, c. {{YT|1500}}-{{FA|590}}
| age=
| destroyed=Thrust into the [[Void]] {{FA|590}}
| realm=[[Utumno]], [[Angband]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Ainur]]
| appearance=As [[Dark Lord]], assumed tall, dark, terrible form
| accomplishments=Disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur|Music]], [[Arda Marred|corrupted]] [[Arda]], Controlled all of [[Middle-earth]] for a time, created [[Orcs]], destroyed the [[Two Trees]], stole the [[Silmarils]], took over [[Beleriand]], destroyed the [[Two Lamps]]
}}
'''Morgoth''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmorɡoθ]}}), also known as '''[[Morgoth#Names|Melkor]]''', was the greatest of the [[Ainur]]. He fell from glory when he disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur]] and defied the will of [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]]. Morgoth corrupted many of the Ainur to his allegiance, fought the [[Valar]], and corrupted [[Arda]]. His theft of the [[Silmarils]] and [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against [[Elves]] and [[Men]] encompassed much of the history of the [[First Age]]. Eventually, Morgoth was bound in chains by the Valar and thrown into the [[Void]], leaving the permanent damage his evils had done, and his servant [[Sauron]], to trouble the world. One day, according to [[Final Battle|prophecy]], Morgoth will rise again in great wrath, but he will be destroyed in the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]].{{Pronounce|Sindarin - Morgoth.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

==History==
The first and most powerful of the [[Ainur]] that [[Ilúvatar]] created was a spirit known as Melkor. Because he wandered through the [[Void]] in an attempt to find and use the [[Flame Imperishable]], the source of [[Ilúvatar]]'s creative activity, Melkor developed ideas unlike those of the other Ainur. His feelings grew rebellious against his creator, for he wished to create sentient beings to inhabit the Void and was dissatisfied by the fact that Ilúvatar had not done so. However, Melkor could not find the Flame, for it was not in the Void, but with Ilúvatar.

===The Music of the Ainur===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Melkor weaves Opposing Music'']]
When the Ainur [[Music of the Ainur|made music]], Melkor weaved his strange thoughts into his song. His song clashed against the Theme of Ilúvatar, disturbing the Ainur around him and causing some of them to attune their music to his. For a while the Theme of Ilúvatar and the discords of Melkor warred against one another. But Eru smiled, and sent forth a new theme. Most of the Ainur joined with it, but Melkor rebelliously opposed it even more violently. At last many of the Ainur stopped singing in dismay, and Melkor’s discords gained dominance. Eru sent out a third Theme against Melkor, sweeter and more beautiful than the others, and unquenchable. But though Melkor could not defeat it, still he opposed it. At last Eru halted the music completely with a single chord.

Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music found its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways. Melkor was shamed and angered by this judgment, but hid his feelings. When Eru showed the Ainur the product of their music, [[Eä]], Melkor was one of those who begged to enter [[Arda]], pretending to be willing to cultivate it and guide it for Ilúvatar’s glory. He actually wished to dominate Arda and its creatures, especially the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Nonetheless, he was allowed to enter Eä and come to Arda with the other [[Valar]]. Once there, Melkor declared to his colleagues that he was the master of Arda henceforth. [[Manwë]], his brother, did not understand his evil, but fearing that Melkor might try and disrupt their labors in Arda, called forth many more Ainur to protect them. Melkor departed to the remote regions of Eä, leaving the world in peace for a while.

===Wars of the Valar===
But Melkor took form, great and terrible, and attacked the Valar’s work in preparing the Earth. There was war, the [[First War with Melkor]], and though he disrupted their work and destroyed much, a great spirit named [[Tulkas]] came to Arda from other regions of Eä to combat him. After Tulkas drove Melkor away, the Valar managed to complete Arda, and the world was established.

The Valar dwelt in a land called [[Almaren]], and raised up [[two lamps]] to light the young earth: [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. Melkor, meanwhile, had attracted the attention and even in a few cases admiration from the [[Maiar]], the lesser spirits of [[Arda]]. Melkor had many spies among them, and from them learned all that the Valar did, and bided his time. As the Valar sat down to a feast at the completion of their labors, Melkor gathered together those loyal to him, and looking down on the beautiful Arda was filled with hatred. Tulkas was wedded to [[Nessa]] at that feast, and she danced before the Valar. Tulkas fell asleep, and that is when Melkor struck.

Melkor with his host passed over the [[Walls of Night]] and returned to Arda once more. Without the watchfulness of Tulkas, the Valar were unaware of his coming, and he began to delve in the depths of the earth, making a fortress called [[Utumno]] northwards beneath the mountains in the dimness of Illuin. The [[Spring of Arda]] became blighted as the cold evil flowed out of the fortress. Death and illness took the green things of Arda, and animals fought and killed one another, while flies brooded in massive numbers. The Valar knew then that Melkor was at work, and sought his hiding place.

But Melkor struck the first blow. He destroyed the Two Lamps, and caused the world to be filled with flowing fire and surging water. The symmetry of Arda was broken. And in the darkness and confusion Melkor escaped, returning to Utumno. Though together the Valar were stronger than Melkor, they could not punish him at that time, for they needed their strength to keep the world from collapsing into ruin. The Spring of Arda had ended in turmoil.

===Dominance of Middle-earth===
With Almaren destroyed, the Valar departed to a new continent across the [[Belegaer|sea]], [[Aman]], and built [[Valinor]]. They also established new sources of light, the [[Two Trees]], to light the world. Melkor, meanwhile, wandered across the face of [[Middle-earth]], in various guises, but armed with cold and fire. Some of the Valar were unwilling to forsake Middle-earth, however; [[Ulmo]] and [[Yavanna]], particularly. Also [[Oromë]] would ride in Middle-earth, killing the terrors of Melkor, who began to fear that the Valar might rise up against him in wrath.

Melkor brooded in the north and built his strength, gathering his demons about him, breeding great monsters, attended by his Maiar-servants later known as [[Balrogs]]. He also created another fortress and armory called [[Angband]], in the northwest of Middle Earth, to resist any Valarin attacks. He placed his greatest servant, [[Sauron]], in control of that stronghold. Melkor, by wandering about, also learned of the awakening of the first of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], the [[Elves]]. He instilled fear in them, and slew or captured many of them. Some of those he captured, it is believed, may have been transformed into [[Orcs]] by torture and breeding.

===Time in Valinor===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - The Captivity of Morgoth.jpg|thumb|left|Jacek Kopalski - ''The Captivity of Morgoth'']]

The Valar were not long, however, in discovering the Elves. Fearing that they would be destroyed or corrupted by Melkor, Manwë decided that Ilúvatar wished them to recover Middle-earth at all costs. They laid [[Siege of Utumno|siege to Utumno]], and eventually destroyed it after a great battle during which the face of Middle-earth was transformed. Melkor was [[Captivity of Melkor|captured]] and chained with the chain [[Angainor]], but Sauron escaped. Melkor was imprisoned in the halls of [[Mandos]], and remained there for three ages, plotting revenge.

At the end of his time, Melkor was presented to his brother Manwë. Melkor, swallowing his pride with thoughts of vengeance, prostrated himself before the throne of Manwë, begging for pardon. Manwë granted him thus, though [[Ulmo]] and [[Tulkas]] were displeased with this judgement. Yet the Valar would not let him leave their sight, and he stayed in [[Valmar]]. Before long, he began to exert his corrupting influence on the Elves, especially the [[Noldor]]. For the [[Vanyar]] did not trust him, and the [[Teleri]] he thought too weak for his designs, but the Noldor were curious, and eager to learn what he could teach them.

===Revenge against the Valar===
[[File:John Howe - The Killing of the Trees.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''The Killing of the Trees'']]
In time Melkor found his greatest adversary and yet greatest tool in the form of [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. Fëanor was the creator of the [[Silmarils]], which Melkor lusted after. As Melkor subtly spread lies and half-truths about the Valar and the Coming of [[Men]] in the form of rumors, Fëanor was greatly influenced, though he hated Melkor himself and had no idea that he was their source. His new ideas of wide lands and realms to rule touched the heart of Fëanor, and the hearts of many other Noldor. They began to murmur against the Valar, and the peace of Valinor was disturbed. Fëanor soon stirred up trouble, and while on trial before the Valar it was revealed that Melkor was at the bottom of the murmurings and troubles. Tulkas left straight-away to deal with him, but found Melkor gone. He had escaped.

Melkor was not seen for a while, but then appeared at [[Formenos]] to Fëanor, tempting him with words of friendship, and an offer of vengeance against the Valar whom Fëanor perceived had wronged him. Fëanor wavered, but Melkor pressed his advantage too much. He touched a chord about the Silmarils, and Fëanor, seeing his designs and lust for the jewels, cursed and rejected him. Melkor departed in anger, and went south past the mountain of [[Hyarmentir]], to the shadowed valley of [[Avathar]] where there dwelt [[Ungoliant]], a mysterious dark spirit in spider-form once his servant, but who had disowned him after his failure. After some time he convinced her to dismiss her fears with the offer of rich rewards, and she wove a cloak of shadow about them both.

Then Melkor and Ungoliant attacked while there was festival in [[Valmar]]. Melkor drained the [[Two Trees]] with his lance, and Ungoliant drank the blood. Then she drank dry the [[Wells of Varda]], and the two fled north to [[Formenos]], leaving the land once more in darkness and confusion. At Formenos Melkor slew [[Finwë]] and ravished the treasury of Fëanor, including the [[Silmarils]]. Then he passed over the icy [[Helcaraxë]], entering once more into [[Middle-earth]]. He was soon back in [[Angband]]. He had struck swiftly and surely. But Fëanor cursed him, naming him [[Morgoth]], and by that name he was known ever after to the Eldar.

===Return to Beleriand===

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils'']]

Once in safety, Ungoliant turned on her partner, demanding the jewels of Fëanor. The spider had grown in size and strength, and Morgoth, now very weak from his efforts, feared her suddenly. Lacking the strength to fight the monstrous spider, he reluctantly parted with each of the beautiful gems, and Ungoliant devoured them. But Morgoth refused to give up the Silmarils, and she encased him in webs, torturing him and nearly devouring him. A loud cry of desperation from Morgoth penetrated deep into the walls of Angband and was heeded by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] and the [[balrogs]], and they rescued him from her clutches, driving Ungoliant away with their whips. So Morgoth returned to Angband.

===Wars of Beleriand===
Morgoth rebuilt the fortress there, and learned of the Elves who had remained in Middle-earth. [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] and the [[Sindar]] dwelt in the woodland kingdom of [[Doriath]], while [[Círdan]] and the [[Teleri]] lived at the [[Falas]] and [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]] and the [[Nandor]] camped in [[Ossiriand]]. Morgoth made war on Thingol, surrounding Doriath and cutting Thingol off from Círdan. But Thingol was able to contact Denethor for help, and the Nandor joined with the Sindar to fight the [[Orcs]] between [[Aros]] and [[Gelion]]. Caught between the two armies, the Orcs of Morgoth were utterly defeated in the [[First Battle]]. Fleeing north they were intercepted and further demolished by the [[Naugrim]]. The Orcs attacking Círdan were more successful – pushing the Teleri to the very edge of the sea.

====Dagor-nuin-Giliath====
Morgoth was confronted by further challenges when Fëanor landed in Middle-earth. They set up at [[Mithrim]], but Morgoth [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath|attacked them]] quickly, hoping to dislodge them before they settled in too much and became a threat. But the Elves were just come out of [[Aman]], and they had the light of that country in their eyes. The Orcs dreaded them, and were swept before them like chaff before wind. Fëanor pursued them even nigh to the [[Thangorodrim]] and the gates of [[Angband]], but Morgoth sent out Gothmog and his balrogs. Fëanor was killed, but the balrogs were driven back. The Falas were freed, and though Morgoth had practically lost [[Beleriand]] outside of the [[Ered Engrin]], he was comforted in the fact that Fëanor was dead.

====Dagor Aglareb====
Yet [[Fingolfin]] came next, with his sons and the sons of [[Finarfin]]. They marched even to the gates of Angband, and yet could not go farther. As the Elves began to build (or rebuild) their kingdoms in Middle-earth, Morgoth waited sixty years before he struck again. It was the [[Dagor Aglareb]], the “Glorious Battle”, called such because it was a great victory for the Elves. Fingolfin and [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, combined their strength and repelled Morgoth. They then set up the [[Siege of Angband]], which was designed to keep Morgoth holed up in his fortress.

====Dagor Bragollach and Fingolfin====
[[Image:John Howe - Fingolfin's Challenge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Fingolfin's Challenge'']]Though Morgoth was not as helpless as he appeared, he remained dormant and hidden until {{FA|455}}. Then he surged forth suddenly, taking the slackened besiegers by surprise. Flames covered the formerly green [[Ard-galen]] (causing the battle to be known as the [[Dagor Bragollach]]), and several Noldor-lords fell in the succeeding combat. Much of Beleriand was overrun and [[Dorthonion]] was taken, as were northern [[Sirion]] and [[Maglor's Gap]]. In a single stroke Morgoth had broken the Siege of Angband, but the victory was not as complete as he would have preferred. [[Himring]] and [[Hithlum]] had held against him. King [[Fingolfin]] was dismayed and enraged by the defeat, and went to Angband. There he challenged Morgoth to single combat. Morgoth scoffed the warrior, and did not dare refuse his challenge. He strode out, his footsteps like thunder on the earth. He was clad in black armor with a spiked crown and shield, with [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]], the Hammer of the Underworld, and he and Fingolfin fought in a ferocious duel. Flames gashed from the earth with each strike of his hammer, but Fingolfin was faster and avoided each powerful, but slow, swing. The Elf-lord gave Morgoth seven wounds, and though Morgoth shouted in anguish, he was too powerful to be slain. Fingolfin grew weary and was struck down by Morgoth's shield. As Morgoth placed his foot on Fingolfin's neck to break it, Fingolfin ran his blade through Morgoth's foot, and Morgoth’s blood filled pools made by his hammer. The enraged Morgoth crushed Fingolfin, though he was left with a permanent limp from the injury. Morgoth, in his wrath, wished to rend the corpse and feed it to his wolves, but could not desecrate the body, for [[Thorondor]] flew in, scratching Morgoth's face and escaping with Fingolfin's body.

====The Quest for the Silmaril====
For some time after that the world lay in watchful discomfort. The southern part of [[Beleriand]] was, for the most part, free from Morgoth’s direct wrath. There arose two in [[Doriath]], [[Beren]] of [[House of Bëor|Bëor’s House]] and [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], Thingol’s daughter. These two lovers embarked on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]], in the process removing [[Sauron]] from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] and entering Angband in disguise. Morgoth plotted some evil against Lúthien when she stood exposed in his presence, but allowed her to dance for him and she lured him to sleep with her song. One of the Silmarils was stolen from his crown, and Morgoth bore only two until the [[War of Wrath]].

====Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
Some time after, in {{FA|471}}, [[Maedhros]] made a great [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] with the [[Naugrim]], [[Edain]], and other [[Noldor]]. They marched to challenge Morgoth, clearing Beleriand of his scattered forces. But Morgoth through his spies anticipated their actions, and met them with his allies the [[Easterlings]] in a huge battle in which he prevailed, and many princes and rulers of Men, Elves, and Dwarves fell. Thus the battle was named ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]'', “Battle of Unnumbered Tears”. Morgoth’s victory was almost complete, as he razed [[Hithlum]], the [[Falas]], the [[March of Maedhros]], as well as [[Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495|n}}. But [[Turgon]], King of [[Gondolin]], escaped by the valiant actions of the [[House of Hador]], the last of the [[Edain]] in the north. The survivors had all gone down to the [[Isle of Balar]] and the [[Mouths of Sirion]].

===The Curse of Morgoth===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Morgoth Punishes Húrin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Morgoth Punishes Húrin'']]
Morgoth took [[Húrin]], who had been captured during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and set him in the high places of Thangorodrim, to watch his family, whom Morgoth cursed. Upon the death of [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] and [[Nienor]], Húrin’s children, Morgoth released Húrin to further his cause.

===The Fall of Gondolin===
Some time later, by the aid of [[Maeglin]], a traitor-elf, Morgoth discovered and laid siege to [[Gondolin]]. [[Turgon]] King, the last male heir of Fingolfin’s house, was killed during the siege. Morgoth’s victory in the north was now complete, though he had lost [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] his captain and marshall of his armies. and many other high-ranking officers in the battle. Also, a small remnant including [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] escaped the destruction of the city, bearing their son [[Eärendil]].

===The War of Wrath===
This was to be Morgoth’s doom, for some years later, Eärendil sailed to [[Valinor]] seeking the pardon of the [[Valar]]. This he earned, and the Valar advanced across [[Belegaer]] with a mighty host. Morgoth loosed all his demons and defenses against them, but could not stop their might. His dragons fell to the [[Eagles]], and [[Ancalagon]] was brought down by Eärendil himself from his ship, [[Vingilot]]. Morgoth was seized in his fortress Angband, his feet "hewn from under him, and he was hurled upon his face", the Silmarils were removed from his crown, and he was bound once more with the chain called Angainor.<ref>{{S|24}}</ref> This time, however, he was ejected from Arda and cast into the [[Void]]. But though he had been vanquished, Arda was forever marred, and there was one still at large to carry on his evil legacy: his greatest servant, the fallen Maia [[Sauron]].

==The Future==
Morgoth remains in the Void, unable to return to Arda as long as the Valar maintain their power over it. Nevertheless, according to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], Morgoth will come back and attack Arda. He will fight a great battle, called the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]], against the Valar and their allies, but will ultimately be slain by [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], the Man he cursed. By finally defeating Morgoth, Túrin will avenge not only himself, but all members of the race of Men, since Morgoth seduced them long ago.
In other versions Eönwë is the one who will kill Morgoth for his love for Arien (previously named Urwendi), instead of Turin. This is said at the end of The Hiding of Valinor. Either way, the prophecy states that Melkor will bring great devastation to Arda, which will be remade into a greater form after his permanent defeat.

==Legacy==
Morgoth's will was suffused into the matter of Arda, so in a sense he is never truly gone. Arda was [[Arda Marred|marred]] by him so deeply that only Eru could fully repair the damage. Those who wished to follow in Morgoth's footsteps, such as Sauron, found that by using his residual influence, they could easily corrupt races they wished to dominate.

==Characteristics==
Morgoth had taken a form great and terrible, and was eventually unable to leave it. He received many scars and wounds over the ages: his hands were burned forever when he touched the Silmarils, Fingolfin wounded him seven times during their battle as well as a wound the foot that caused him ever after to limp, Thorondor scarred his face with his talons.

Morgoth wielded [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]] in battle, a weapon he presumably forged himself in [[Angband]] (unless Sauron or [[Gothmog]] had held it safe after the [[Siege of Utumno]]). Morgoth was originally the most powerful of the Ainur and stronger than any other Vala; however, after his treachery, he continually spread his influence and might thin across Arda and suffered several defeats, and his power slowly, though significantly, weakened. 

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Morgoth'' ("the Black Foe"<ref name=VT49a>{{VT|49a}}, pp. 24-5</ref> or "Dark Tyrant"<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref>) was given him by [[Fëanor]].

Tolkien experimented (but apparently never reached a decision) with different Quenya translations of ''Morgoth'': ''Moringotto'', ''Moriñgotho'', or ''Morikotto''.<ref name=VT49a/>

==Names==
===Melkor===
'''''Melkor''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmelkor]}}) means "mighty arising"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 115</ref> or "'Mighty-rising', [[Wikipedia:Viz.|sc.]] 'uprising of power'"<ref name=P4k>{{MR|P4k}}, p. 350</ref>. The name is generally used to refer to this [[Valar|Vala]] prior to his theft of the [[Silmarils]]; for after the theft [[Fëanor]] named him ''Morgoth''.

''Melkor'' is a compound of ''mbelek-'' (''melek'', "great, mighty, powerful"; root [[BEL|BEL, MBEL]]) + ''[[óre]]''.<ref name=PE17/>

The older form of ''Melkor'' is said to be ''Melkórë''.<ref name=P4k/>

In earlier versions of the [[legendarium]], the form of the name was ''Melko''.<ref>{{HM|HM}}</ref> At one instance in a late glossary (c. 1959), ''Melko'', meaning "simply 'the Mighty One'", is also said to be an alternative form of ''Melkor''.<ref name=P4k/>

===Other names and titles===
*'''''Bauglir''''', ([[S.]] "the Constrainer") was a title given to Melkor after his return to [[Angband]] at the beginning of the [[First Age]]. It was often combined with the name ''Morgoth'' to become the full title ''Morgoth Bauglir''.
* ''Dark King (of Angband)'' – given him by [[Men]]
* ''[[Dark Lord]]''
* [[Sindarin]] '''''Belegûr''''' ("he who arises in might") or '''''Belegurth''''' ("Great Death"; containing the element ''[[gurth]]'' "death")<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 358 (note 21)</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>
* ''King of the World'' - called thus himself after his return to the Middle-earth<ref>{{S|9}}.</ref>
* ''Black King''<ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 42</ref>
* ''Lord of All'' and ''Giver of Freedom'' – thus called by [[Sauron]] who encouraged [[Ar-Pharazôn]] to worship Melkor<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
* ''Lord of the Dark''
* ''Dark Hunter'' – Given him by the fearful early [[Elves]] before they met [[Oromë]]
* ''mbelekôro'' – [[Common Eldarin]]
* ''Great Enemy''
* ''Master of Lies'' - given him by [[Amlach]]<ref>{{S|17}}.</ref>
* ''Master of the fates of Arda'' - used by him when speaking to [[Húrin]]
* ''[[Elder King]]'' - used when speaking to [[Húrin]]<ref>{{CH|3}}, p. 64</ref>
* ''Melko, Belcha, Melegor, Meleko'' – Earlier names Tolkien used but abandoned

==Minions==
* [[Sauron]] – Greatest of his servants, later to become [[Lord of the Rings]], perished with [[the One Ring]]
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Lord of Balrogs]] – killed by [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[Glaurung]] – [[Father of Dragons]], killed by [[Túrin]]
* [[Draugluin]] - First of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Carcharoth]] - Greatest of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Thuringwethil]] - Vampire Herald of Sauron
* [[Ancalagon]] – Greatest of the [[Winged Dragons]], slain by [[Eärendil]]
* [[Othrod]] – [[Orcs|Orc]]-general during the Fall of Gondolin, killed by [[Tuor]]
* [[Lungorthin]] - A Balrog, Master of the Guard of Angband
* [[Fankil]] - Evil spirit, escaped from Utumno after its fall, leader of dark armies in the East (Palisor)

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Morgoth|Images of Morgoth]]

{{references}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Morgoth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/morgoth]]
[[fi:Morgoth]]

Morgoth

2014-09-18T06:10:35Z

Smog: Undo revision 255100 by 76.11.233.95 Incorrect statement. Many other Ainur have recorded instances of feeling fear. Olorin, Mairon, Curumo, etc

{{sources}}{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - And Morgoth came.jpg|250px]]
| name=Morgoth
| othernames=See [[Morgoth#Names|names]]
| created=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| years=c. [[Years of the Lamps 1|Y.L. 1]]-[[Years of the Lamps 1500|Y.L. 1500]], c. [[Years of the Lamps 3400|Y.L. 3400]]-{{YT|1100}}, c. {{YT|1500}}-{{FA|590}}
| age=
| destroyed=Thrust into the [[Void]] {{FA|590}}
| realm=[[Utumno]], [[Angband]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Ainur]]
| appearance=As [[Dark Lord]], assumed tall, dark, terrible form
| accomplishments=Disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur|Music]], [[Arda Marred|corrupted]] [[Arda]], Controlled all of [[Middle-earth]] for a time, created [[Orcs]], destroyed the [[Two Trees]], stole the [[Silmarils]], took over [[Beleriand]], destroyed the [[Two Lamps]]
}}
'''Morgoth''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmorɡoθ]}}), also known as '''[[Morgoth#Names|Melkor]]''', was the greatest of the [[Ainur]]. He fell from glory when he disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur]] and defied the will of [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]]. Morgoth corrupted many of the Ainur to his allegiance, fought the [[Valar]], and corrupted [[Arda]]. His theft of the [[Silmarils]] and [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against [[Elves]] and [[Men]] encompassed much of the history of the [[First Age]]. Eventually, Morgoth was bound in chains by the Valar and thrown into the [[Void]], leaving the permanent damage his evils had done, and his servant [[Sauron]], to trouble the world. One day, according to [[Final Battle|prophecy]], Morgoth will rise again in great wrath, but he will be destroyed in the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]].{{Pronounce|Sindarin - Morgoth.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

==History==
The first and most powerful of the [[Ainur]] that [[Ilúvatar]] created was a spirit known as Melkor. Because he wandered through the [[Void]] in an attempt to find and use the [[Flame Imperishable]], the source of [[Ilúvatar]]'s creative activity, Melkor developed ideas unlike those of the other Ainur. His feelings grew rebellious against his creator, for he wished to create sentient beings to inhabit the Void and was dissatisfied by the fact that Ilúvatar had not done so. However, Melkor could not find the Flame, for it was not in the Void, but with Ilúvatar.

===The Music of the Ainur===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Melkor weaves Opposing Music'']]
When the Ainur [[Music of the Ainur|made music]], Melkor weaved his strange thoughts into his song. His song clashed against the Theme of Ilúvatar, disturbing the Ainur around him and causing some of them to attune their music to his. For a while the Theme of Ilúvatar and the discords of Melkor warred against one another. But Eru smiled, and sent forth a new theme. Most of the Ainur joined with it, but Melkor rebelliously opposed it even more violently. At last many of the Ainur stopped singing in dismay, and Melkor’s discords gained dominance. Eru sent out a third Theme against Melkor, sweeter and more beautiful than the others, and unquenchable. But though Melkor could not defeat it, still he opposed it. At last Eru halted the music completely with a single chord.

Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music found its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways. Melkor was shamed and angered by this judgment, but hid his feelings. When Eru showed the Ainur the product of their music, [[Eä]], Melkor was one of those who begged to enter [[Arda]], pretending to be willing to cultivate it and guide it for Ilúvatar’s glory. He actually wished to dominate Arda and its creatures, especially the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Nonetheless, he was allowed to enter Eä and come to Arda with the other [[Valar]]. Once there, Melkor declared to his colleagues that he was the master of Arda henceforth. [[Manwë]], his brother, did not understand his evil, but fearing that Melkor might try and disrupt their labors in Arda, called forth many more Ainur to protect them. Melkor departed to the remote regions of Eä, leaving the world in peace for a while.

===Wars of the Valar===
But Melkor took form, great and terrible, and attacked the Valar’s work in preparing the Earth. There was war, the [[First War with Melkor]], and though he disrupted their work and destroyed much, a great spirit named [[Tulkas]] came to Arda from other regions of Eä to combat him. After Tulkas drove Melkor away, the Valar managed to complete Arda, and the world was established.

The Valar dwelt in a land called [[Almaren]], and raised up [[two lamps]] to light the young earth: [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. Melkor, meanwhile, had attracted the attention and even in a few cases admiration from the [[Maiar]], the lesser spirits of [[Arda]]. Melkor had many spies among them, and from them learned all that the Valar did, and bided his time. As the Valar sat down to a feast at the completion of their labors, Melkor gathered together those loyal to him, and looking down on the beautiful Arda was filled with hatred. Tulkas was wedded to [[Nessa]] at that feast, and she danced before the Valar. Tulkas fell asleep, and that is when Melkor struck.

Melkor with his host passed over the [[Walls of Night]] and returned to Arda once more. Without the watchfulness of Tulkas, the Valar were unaware of his coming, and he began to delve in the depths of the earth, making a fortress called [[Utumno]] northwards beneath the mountains in the dimness of Illuin. The [[Spring of Arda]] became blighted as the cold evil flowed out of the fortress. Death and illness took the green things of Arda, and animals fought and killed one another, while flies brooded in massive numbers. The Valar knew then that Melkor was at work, and sought his hiding place.

But Melkor struck the first blow. He destroyed the Two Lamps, and caused the world to be filled with flowing fire and surging water. The symmetry of Arda was broken. And in the darkness and confusion Melkor escaped, returning to Utumno. Though together the Valar were stronger than Melkor, they could not punish him at that time, for they needed their strength to keep the world from collapsing into ruin. The Spring of Arda had ended in turmoil.

===Dominance of Middle-earth===
With Almaren destroyed, the Valar departed to a new continent across the [[Belegaer|sea]], [[Aman]], and built [[Valinor]]. They also established new sources of light, the [[Two Trees]], to light the world. Melkor, meanwhile, wandered across the face of [[Middle-earth]], in various guises, but armed with cold and fire. Some of the Valar were unwilling to forsake Middle-earth, however; [[Ulmo]] and [[Yavanna]], particularly. Also [[Oromë]] would ride in Middle-earth, killing the terrors of Melkor, who began to fear that the Valar might rise up against him in wrath.

Melkor brooded in the north and built his strength, gathering his demons about him, breeding great monsters, attended by his Maiar-servants later known as [[Balrogs]]. He also created another fortress and armory called [[Angband]], in the northwest of Middle Earth, to resist any Valarin attacks. He placed his greatest servant, [[Sauron]], in control of that stronghold. Melkor, by wandering about, also learned of the awakening of the first of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], the [[Elves]]. He instilled fear in them, and slew or captured many of them. Some of those he captured, it is believed, may have been transformed into [[Orcs]] by torture and breeding.

===Time in Valinor===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - The Captivity of Morgoth.jpg|thumb|left|Jacek Kopalski - ''The Captivity of Morgoth'']]

The Valar were not long, however, in discovering the Elves. Fearing that they would be destroyed or corrupted by Melkor, Manwë decided that Ilúvatar wished them to recover Middle-earth at all costs. They laid [[Siege of Utumno|siege to Utumno]], and eventually destroyed it after a great battle during which the face of Middle-earth was transformed. Melkor was [[Captivity of Melkor|captured]] and chained with the chain [[Angainor]], but Sauron escaped. Melkor was imprisoned in the halls of [[Mandos]], and remained there for three ages, plotting revenge.

At the end of his time, Melkor was presented to his brother Manwë. Melkor, swallowing his pride with thoughts of vengeance, prostrated himself before the throne of Manwë, begging for pardon. Manwë granted him thus, though [[Ulmo]] and [[Tulkas]] were displeased with this judgement. Yet the Valar would not let him leave their sight, and he stayed in [[Valmar]]. Before long, he began to exert his corrupting influence on the Elves, especially the [[Noldor]]. For the [[Vanyar]] did not trust him, and the [[Teleri]] he thought too weak for his designs, but the Noldor were curious, and eager to learn what he could teach them.

===Revenge against the Valar===
[[File:John Howe - The Killing of the Trees.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''The Killing of the Trees'']]
In time Melkor found his greatest adversary and yet greatest tool in the form of [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. Fëanor was the creator of the [[Silmarils]], which Melkor lusted after. As Melkor subtly spread lies and half-truths about the Valar and the Coming of [[Men]] in the form of rumors, Fëanor was greatly influenced, though he hated Melkor himself and had no idea that he was their source. His new ideas of wide lands and realms to rule touched the heart of Fëanor, and the hearts of many other Noldor. They began to murmur against the Valar, and the peace of Valinor was disturbed. Fëanor soon stirred up trouble, and while on trial before the Valar it was revealed that Melkor was at the bottom of the murmurings and troubles. Tulkas left straight-away to deal with him, but found Melkor gone. He had escaped.

Melkor was not seen for a while, but then appeared at [[Formenos]] to Fëanor, tempting him with words of friendship, and an offer of vengeance against the Valar whom Fëanor perceived had wronged him. Fëanor wavered, but Melkor pressed his advantage too much. He touched a chord about the Silmarils, and Fëanor, seeing his designs and lust for the jewels, cursed and rejected him. Melkor departed in anger, and went south past the mountain of [[Hyarmentir]], to the shadowed valley of [[Avathar]] where there dwelt [[Ungoliant]], a mysterious dark spirit in spider-form once his servant, but who had disowned him after his failure. After some time he convinced her to dismiss her fears with the offer of rich rewards, and she wove a cloak of shadow about them both.

Then Melkor and Ungoliant attacked while there was festival in [[Valmar]]. Melkor drained the [[Two Trees]] with his lance, and Ungoliant drank the blood. Then she drank dry the [[Wells of Varda]], and the two fled north to [[Formenos]], leaving the land once more in darkness and confusion. At Formenos Melkor slew [[Finwë]] and ravished the treasury of Fëanor, including the [[Silmarils]]. Then he passed over the icy [[Helcaraxë]], entering once more into [[Middle-earth]]. He was soon back in [[Angband]]. He had struck swiftly and surely. But Fëanor cursed him, naming him [[Morgoth]], and by that name he was known ever after to the Eldar.

===Return to Beleriand===

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils'']]

Once in safety, Ungoliant turned on her partner, demanding the jewels of Fëanor. The spider had grown in size and strength, and Morgoth, now very weak from his efforts, feared her suddenly. Lacking the strength to fight the monstrous spider, he reluctantly parted with each of the beautiful gems, and Ungoliant devoured them. But Morgoth refused to give up the Silmarils, and she encased him in webs, torturing him and nearly devouring him. A loud cry of desperation from Morgoth penetrated deep into the walls of Angband and was heeded by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] and the [[balrogs]], and they rescued him from her clutches, driving Ungoliant away with their whips. So Morgoth returned to Angband.

===Wars of Beleriand===
Morgoth rebuilt the fortress there, and learned of the Elves who had remained in Middle-earth. [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] and the [[Sindar]] dwelt in the woodland kingdom of [[Doriath]], while [[Círdan]] and the [[Teleri]] lived at the [[Falas]] and [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]] and the [[Nandor]] camped in [[Ossiriand]]. Morgoth made war on Thingol, surrounding Doriath and cutting Thingol off from Círdan. But Thingol was able to contact Denethor for help, and the Nandor joined with the Sindar to fight the [[Orcs]] between [[Aros]] and [[Gelion]]. Caught between the two armies, the Orcs of Morgoth were utterly defeated in the [[First Battle]]. Fleeing north they were intercepted and further demolished by the [[Naugrim]]. The Orcs attacking Círdan were more successful – pushing the Teleri to the very edge of the sea.

====Dagor-nuin-Giliath====
Morgoth was confronted by further challenges when Fëanor landed in Middle-earth. They set up at [[Mithrim]], but Morgoth [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath|attacked them]] quickly, hoping to dislodge them before they settled in too much and became a threat. But the Elves were just come out of [[Aman]], and they had the light of that country in their eyes. The Orcs dreaded them, and were swept before them like chaff before wind. Fëanor pursued them even nigh to the [[Thangorodrim]] and the gates of [[Angband]], but Morgoth sent out Gothmog and his balrogs. Fëanor was killed, but the balrogs were driven back. The Falas were freed, and though Morgoth had practically lost [[Beleriand]] outside of the [[Ered Engrin]], he was comforted in the fact that Fëanor was dead.

====Dagor Aglareb====
Yet [[Fingolfin]] came next, with his sons and the sons of [[Finarfin]]. They marched even to the gates of Angband, and yet could not go farther. As the Elves began to build (or rebuild) their kingdoms in Middle-earth, Morgoth waited sixty years before he struck again. It was the [[Dagor Aglareb]], the “Glorious Battle”, called such because it was a great victory for the Elves. Fingolfin and [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, combined their strength and repelled Morgoth. They then set up the [[Siege of Angband]], which was designed to keep Morgoth holed up in his fortress.

====Dagor Bragollach and Fingolfin====
[[Image:John Howe - Fingolfin's Challenge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Fingolfin's Challenge'']]Though Morgoth was not as helpless as he appeared, he remained dormant and hidden until {{FA|455}}. Then he surged forth suddenly, taking the slackened besiegers by surprise. Flames covered the formerly green [[Ard-galen]] (causing the battle to be known as the [[Dagor Bragollach]]), and several Noldor-lords fell in the succeeding combat. Much of Beleriand was overrun and [[Dorthonion]] was taken, as were northern [[Sirion]] and [[Maglor's Gap]]. In a single stroke Morgoth had broken the Siege of Angband, but the victory was not as complete as he would have preferred. [[Himring]] and [[Hithlum]] had held against him. King [[Fingolfin]] was dismayed and enraged by the defeat, and went to Angband. There he challenged Morgoth to single combat. Morgoth scoffed the warrior, and did not dare refuse his challenge. He strode out, his footsteps like thunder on the earth. He was clad in black armor with a spiked crown and shield, with [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]], the Hammer of the Underworld, and he and Fingolfin fought in a ferocious duel. Flames gashed from the earth with each strike of his hammer, but Fingolfin was faster and avoided each powerful, but slow, swing. The Elf-lord gave Morgoth seven wounds, and though Morgoth shouted in anguish, he was too powerful to be slain. Fingolfin grew weary and was struck down by Morgoth's shield. As Morgoth placed his foot on Fingolfin's neck to break it, Fingolfin ran his blade through Morgoth's foot, and Morgoth’s blood filled pools made by his hammer. The enraged Morgoth crushed Fingolfin, though he was left with a permanent limp from the injury. Morgoth, in his wrath, wished to rend the corpse and feed it to his wolves, but could not desecrate the body, for [[Thorondor]] flew in, scratching Morgoth's face and escaping with Fingolfin's body.

====The Quest for the Silmaril====
For some time after that the world lay in watchful discomfort. The southern part of [[Beleriand]] was, for the most part, free from Morgoth’s direct wrath. There arose two in [[Doriath]], [[Beren]] of [[House of Bëor|Bëor’s House]] and [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], Thingol’s daughter. These two lovers embarked on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]], in the process removing [[Sauron]] from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] and entering Angband in disguise. Morgoth plotted some evil against Lúthien when she stood exposed in his presence, but allowed her to dance for him and she lured him to sleep with her song. One of the Silmarils was stolen from his crown, and Morgoth bore only two until the [[War of Wrath]].

====Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
Some time after, in {{FA|471}}, [[Maedhros]] made a great [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] with the [[Naugrim]], [[Edain]], and other [[Noldor]]. They marched to challenge Morgoth, clearing Beleriand of his scattered forces. But Morgoth through his spies anticipated their actions, and met them with his allies the [[Easterlings]] in a huge battle in which he prevailed, and many princes and rulers of Men, Elves, and Dwarves fell. Thus the battle was named ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]'', “Battle of Unnumbered Tears”. Morgoth’s victory was almost complete, as he razed [[Hithlum]], the [[Falas]], the [[March of Maedhros]], as well as [[Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495|n}}. But [[Turgon]], King of [[Gondolin]], escaped by the valiant actions of the [[House of Hador]], the last of the [[Edain]] in the north. The survivors had all gone down to the [[Isle of Balar]] and the [[Mouths of Sirion]].

===The Curse of Morgoth===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Morgoth Punishes Húrin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Morgoth Punishes Húrin'']]
Morgoth took [[Húrin]], who had been captured during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and set him in the high places of Thangorodrim, to watch his family, whom Morgoth cursed. Upon the death of [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] and [[Nienor]], Húrin’s children, Morgoth released Húrin to further his cause.

===The Fall of Gondolin===
Some time later, by the aid of [[Maeglin]], a traitor-elf, Morgoth discovered and laid siege to [[Gondolin]]. [[Turgon]] King, the last male heir of Fingolfin’s house, was killed during the siege. Morgoth’s victory in the north was now complete, though he had lost [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] his captain and marshall of his armies. and many other high-ranking officers in the battle. Also, a small remnant including [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] escaped the destruction of the city, bearing their son [[Eärendil]].

===The War of Wrath===
This was to be Morgoth’s doom, for some years later, Eärendil sailed to [[Valinor]] seeking the pardon of the [[Valar]]. This he earned, and the Valar advanced across [[Belegaer]] with a mighty host. Morgoth loosed all his demons and defenses against them, but could not stop their might. His dragons fell to the [[Eagles]], and [[Ancalagon]] was brought down by Eärendil himself from his ship, [[Vingilot]]. Morgoth was seized in his fortress Angband, his feet "hewn from under him, and he was hurled upon his face", the Silmarils were removed from his crown, and he was bound once more with the chain called Angainor.<ref>{{S|24}}</ref> This time, however, he was ejected from Arda and cast into the [[Void]]. But though he had been vanquished, Arda was forever marred, and there was one still at large to carry on his evil legacy: his greatest servant, the fallen Maia [[Sauron]].

==The Future==
Morgoth remains in the Void, unable to return to Arda as long as the Valar maintain their power over it. Nevertheless, according to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], Morgoth will come back and attack Arda. He will fight a great battle, called the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]], against the Valar and their allies, but will ultimately be slain by [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], the Man he cursed. By finally defeating Morgoth, Túrin will avenge not only himself, but all members of the race of Men, since Morgoth seduced them long ago.
In other versions Eönwë is the one who will kill Morgoth for his love for Arien (previously named Urwendi), instead of Turin. This is said at the end of The Hiding of Valinor. Either way, the prophecy states that Melkor will bring great devastation to Arda, which will be remade into a greater form after his permanent defeat.

==Legacy==
Morgoth's will was suffused into the matter of Arda, so in a sense he is never truly gone. Arda was [[Arda Marred|marred]] by him so deeply that only Eru could fully repair the damage. Those who wished to follow in Morgoth's footsteps, such as Sauron, found that by using his residual influence, they could easily corrupt races they wished to dominate.

==Characteristics==
Morgoth had taken a form great and terrible, and was eventually unable to leave it. He received many scars and wounds over the ages: his hands were burned forever when he touched the Silmarils, Fingolfin wounded him seven times during their battle as well as a wound the foot that caused him ever after to limp, Thorondor scarred his face with his talons.

Morgoth wielded [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]] in battle, a weapon he presumably forged himself in [[Angband]] (unless Sauron or [[Gothmog]] had held it safe after the [[Siege of Utumno]]). Morgoth was originally the most powerful of the Ainur and stronger than any other Vala; however, after his treachery, he continually spread his influence and might thin across Arda and suffered several defeats, and his power slowly, though significantly, weakened. Despite his power, he could feel fear, which was an emotion unfelt by other Ainur, putting him at a disadvantage against the strong-hearted. 

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Morgoth'' ("the Black Foe"<ref name=VT49a>{{VT|49a}}, pp. 24-5</ref> or "Dark Tyrant"<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref>) was given him by [[Fëanor]].

Tolkien experimented (but apparently never reached a decision) with different Quenya translations of ''Morgoth'': ''Moringotto'', ''Moriñgotho'', or ''Morikotto''.<ref name=VT49a/>

==Names==
===Melkor===
'''''Melkor''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmelkor]}}) means "mighty arising"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 115</ref> or "'Mighty-rising', [[Wikipedia:Viz.|sc.]] 'uprising of power'"<ref name=P4k>{{MR|P4k}}, p. 350</ref>. The name is generally used to refer to this [[Valar|Vala]] prior to his theft of the [[Silmarils]]; for after the theft [[Fëanor]] named him ''Morgoth''.

''Melkor'' is a compound of ''mbelek-'' (''melek'', "great, mighty, powerful"; root [[BEL|BEL, MBEL]]) + ''[[óre]]''.<ref name=PE17/>

The older form of ''Melkor'' is said to be ''Melkórë''.<ref name=P4k/>

In earlier versions of the [[legendarium]], the form of the name was ''Melko''.<ref>{{HM|HM}}</ref> At one instance in a late glossary (c. 1959), ''Melko'', meaning "simply 'the Mighty One'", is also said to be an alternative form of ''Melkor''.<ref name=P4k/>

===Other names and titles===
*'''''Bauglir''''', ([[S.]] "the Constrainer") was a title given to Melkor after his return to [[Angband]] at the beginning of the [[First Age]]. It was often combined with the name ''Morgoth'' to become the full title ''Morgoth Bauglir''.
* ''Dark King (of Angband)'' – given him by [[Men]]
* ''[[Dark Lord]]''
* [[Sindarin]] '''''Belegûr''''' ("he who arises in might") or '''''Belegurth''''' ("Great Death"; containing the element ''[[gurth]]'' "death")<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 358 (note 21)</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>
* ''King of the World'' - called thus himself after his return to the Middle-earth<ref>{{S|9}}.</ref>
* ''Black King''<ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 42</ref>
* ''Lord of All'' and ''Giver of Freedom'' – thus called by [[Sauron]] who encouraged [[Ar-Pharazôn]] to worship Melkor<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
* ''Lord of the Dark''
* ''Dark Hunter'' – Given him by the fearful early [[Elves]] before they met [[Oromë]]
* ''mbelekôro'' – [[Common Eldarin]]
* ''Great Enemy''
* ''Master of Lies'' - given him by [[Amlach]]<ref>{{S|17}}.</ref>
* ''Master of the fates of Arda'' - used by him when speaking to [[Húrin]]
* ''[[Elder King]]'' - used when speaking to [[Húrin]]<ref>{{CH|3}}, p. 64</ref>
* ''Melko, Belcha, Melegor, Meleko'' – Earlier names Tolkien used but abandoned

==Minions==
* [[Sauron]] – Greatest of his servants, later to become [[Lord of the Rings]], perished with [[the One Ring]]
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Lord of Balrogs]] – killed by [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[Glaurung]] – [[Father of Dragons]], killed by [[Túrin]]
* [[Draugluin]] - First of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Carcharoth]] - Greatest of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Thuringwethil]] - Vampire Herald of Sauron
* [[Ancalagon]] – Greatest of the [[Winged Dragons]], slain by [[Eärendil]]
* [[Othrod]] – [[Orcs|Orc]]-general during the Fall of Gondolin, killed by [[Tuor]]
* [[Lungorthin]] - A Balrog, Master of the Guard of Angband
* [[Fankil]] - Evil spirit, escaped from Utumno after its fall, leader of dark armies in the East (Palisor)

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Morgoth|Images of Morgoth]]

{{references}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Morgoth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/morgoth]]
[[fi:Morgoth]]

Morgoth

2014-09-18T03:16:37Z

Smog: /* Dagor Bragollach and Fingolfin */ Morgoth is not one of the Valar nor counted among them.

{{sources}}{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - And Morgoth came.jpg|250px]]
| name=Morgoth
| othernames=See [[Morgoth#Names|names]]
| created=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| years=c. [[Years of the Lamps 1|Y.L. 1]]-[[Years of the Lamps 1500|Y.L. 1500]], c. [[Years of the Lamps 3400|Y.L. 3400]]-{{YT|1100}}, c. {{YT|1500}}-{{FA|590}}
| age=
| destroyed=Thrust into the [[Void]] {{FA|590}}
| realm=[[Utumno]], [[Angband]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Ainur]]
| appearance=As [[Dark Lord]], assumed tall, dark, terrible form
| accomplishments=Disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur|Music]], [[Arda Marred|corrupted]] [[Arda]], Controlled all of [[Middle-earth]] for a time, created [[Orcs]], destroyed the [[Two Trees]], stole the [[Silmarils]], took over [[Beleriand]], destroyed the [[Two Lamps]]
}}
'''Morgoth''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmorɡoθ]}}), also known as '''[[Morgoth#Names|Melkor]]''', was the greatest of the [[Ainur]]. He fell from glory when he disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur]] and defied the will of [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]]. Morgoth corrupted many of the Ainur to his allegiance, fought the [[Valar]], and corrupted [[Arda]]. His theft of the [[Silmarils]] and [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against [[Elves]] and [[Men]] encompassed much of the history of the [[First Age]]. Eventually, Morgoth was bound in chains by the Valar and thrown into the [[Void]], leaving the permanent damage his evils had done, and his servant [[Sauron]], to trouble the world. One day, according to [[Final Battle|prophecy]], Morgoth will rise again in great wrath, but he will be destroyed in the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]].{{Pronounce|Sindarin - Morgoth.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

==History==
The first and most powerful of the [[Ainur]] that [[Ilúvatar]] created was a spirit known as Melkor. Because he wandered through the [[Void]] in an attempt to find and use the [[Flame Imperishable]], the source of [[Ilúvatar]]'s creative activity, Melkor developed ideas unlike those of the other Ainur. His feelings grew rebellious against his creator, for he wished to create sentient beings to inhabit the Void and was dissatisfied by the fact that Ilúvatar had not done so. However, Melkor could not find the Flame, for it was not in the Void, but with Ilúvatar.

===The Music of the Ainur===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Melkor weaves Opposing Music'']]
When the Ainur [[Music of the Ainur|made music]], Melkor weaved his strange thoughts into his song. His song clashed against the Theme of Ilúvatar, disturbing the Ainur around him and causing some of them to attune their music to his. For a while the Theme of Ilúvatar and the discords of Melkor warred against one another. But Eru smiled, and sent forth a new theme. Most of the Ainur joined with it, but Melkor rebelliously opposed it even more violently. At last many of the Ainur stopped singing in dismay, and Melkor’s discords gained dominance. Eru sent out a third Theme against Melkor, sweeter and more beautiful than the others, and unquenchable. But though Melkor could not defeat it, still he opposed it. At last Eru halted the music completely with a single chord.

Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music found its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways. Melkor was shamed and angered by this judgment, but hid his feelings. When Eru showed the Ainur the product of their music, [[Eä]], Melkor was one of those who begged to enter [[Arda]], pretending to be willing to cultivate it and guide it for Ilúvatar’s glory. He actually wished to dominate Arda and its creatures, especially the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Nonetheless, he was allowed to enter Eä and come to Arda with the other [[Valar]]. Once there, Melkor declared to his colleagues that he was the master of Arda henceforth. [[Manwë]], his brother, did not understand his evil, but fearing that Melkor might try and disrupt their labors in Arda, called forth many more Ainur to protect them. Melkor departed to the remote regions of Eä, leaving the world in peace for a while.

===Wars of the Valar===
But Melkor took form, great and terrible, and attacked the Valar’s work in preparing the Earth. There was war, the [[First War with Melkor]], and though he disrupted their work and destroyed much, a great spirit named [[Tulkas]] came to Arda from other regions of Eä to combat him. After Tulkas drove Melkor away, the Valar managed to complete Arda, and the world was established.

The Valar dwelt in a land called [[Almaren]], and raised up [[two lamps]] to light the young earth: [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. Melkor, meanwhile, had attracted the attention and even in a few cases admiration from the [[Maiar]], the lesser spirits of [[Arda]]. Melkor had many spies among them, and from them learned all that the Valar did, and bided his time. As the Valar sat down to a feast at the completion of their labors, Melkor gathered together those loyal to him, and looking down on the beautiful Arda was filled with hatred. Tulkas was wedded to [[Nessa]] at that feast, and she danced before the Valar. Tulkas fell asleep, and that is when Melkor struck.

Melkor with his host passed over the [[Walls of Night]] and returned to Arda once more. Without the watchfulness of Tulkas, the Valar were unaware of his coming, and he began to delve in the depths of the earth, making a fortress called [[Utumno]] northwards beneath the mountains in the dimness of Illuin. The [[Spring of Arda]] became blighted as the cold evil flowed out of the fortress. Death and illness took the green things of Arda, and animals fought and killed one another, while flies brooded in massive numbers. The Valar knew then that Melkor was at work, and sought his hiding place.

But Melkor struck the first blow. He destroyed the Two Lamps, and caused the world to be filled with flowing fire and surging water. The symmetry of Arda was broken. And in the darkness and confusion Melkor escaped, returning to Utumno. Though together the Valar were stronger than Melkor, they could not punish him at that time, for they needed their strength to keep the world from collapsing into ruin. The Spring of Arda had ended in turmoil.

===Dominance of Middle-earth===
With Almaren destroyed, the Valar departed to a new continent across the [[Belegaer|sea]], [[Aman]], and built [[Valinor]]. They also established new sources of light, the [[Two Trees]], to light the world. Melkor, meanwhile, wandered across the face of [[Middle-earth]], in various guises, but armed with cold and fire. Some of the Valar were unwilling to forsake Middle-earth, however; [[Ulmo]] and [[Yavanna]], particularly. Also [[Oromë]] would ride in Middle-earth, killing the terrors of Melkor, who began to fear that the Valar might rise up against him in wrath.

Melkor brooded in the north and built his strength, gathering his demons about him, breeding great monsters, attended by his Maiar-servants later known as [[Balrogs]]. He also created another fortress and armory called [[Angband]], in the northwest of Middle Earth, to resist any Valarin attacks. He placed his greatest servant, [[Sauron]], in control of that stronghold. Melkor, by wandering about, also learned of the awakening of the first of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], the [[Elves]]. He instilled fear in them, and slew or captured many of them. Some of those he captured, it is believed, may have been transformed into [[Orcs]] by torture and breeding.

===Time in Valinor===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - The Captivity of Morgoth.jpg|thumb|left|Jacek Kopalski - ''The Captivity of Morgoth'']]

The Valar were not long, however, in discovering the Elves. Fearing that they would be destroyed or corrupted by Melkor, Manwë decided that Ilúvatar wished them to recover Middle-earth at all costs. They laid [[Siege of Utumno|siege to Utumno]], and eventually destroyed it after a great battle during which the face of Middle-earth was transformed. Melkor was [[Captivity of Melkor|captured]] and chained with the chain [[Angainor]], but Sauron escaped. Melkor was imprisoned in the halls of [[Mandos]], and remained there for three ages, plotting revenge.

At the end of his time, Melkor was presented to his brother Manwë. Melkor, swallowing his pride with thoughts of vengeance, prostrated himself before the throne of Manwë, begging for pardon. Manwë granted him thus, though [[Ulmo]] and [[Tulkas]] were displeased with this judgement. Yet the Valar would not let him leave their sight, and he stayed in [[Valmar]]. Before long, he began to exert his corrupting influence on the Elves, especially the [[Noldor]]. For the [[Vanyar]] did not trust him, and the [[Teleri]] he thought too weak for his designs, but the Noldor were curious, and eager to learn what he could teach them.

===Revenge against the Valar===
[[File:John Howe - The Killing of the Trees.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''The Killing of the Trees'']]
In time Melkor found his greatest adversary and yet greatest tool in the form of [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. Fëanor was the creator of the [[Silmarils]], which Melkor lusted after. As Melkor subtly spread lies and half-truths about the Valar and the Coming of [[Men]] in the form of rumors, Fëanor was greatly influenced, though he hated Melkor himself and had no idea that he was their source. His new ideas of wide lands and realms to rule touched the heart of Fëanor, and the hearts of many other Noldor. They began to murmur against the Valar, and the peace of Valinor was disturbed. Fëanor soon stirred up trouble, and while on trial before the Valar it was revealed that Melkor was at the bottom of the murmurings and troubles. Tulkas left straight-away to deal with him, but found Melkor gone. He had escaped.

Melkor was not seen for a while, but then appeared at [[Formenos]] to Fëanor, tempting him with words of friendship, and an offer of vengeance against the Valar whom Fëanor perceived had wronged him. Fëanor wavered, but Melkor pressed his advantage too much. He touched a chord about the Silmarils, and Fëanor, seeing his designs and lust for the jewels, cursed and rejected him. Melkor departed in anger, and went south past the mountain of [[Hyarmentir]], to the shadowed valley of [[Avathar]] where there dwelt [[Ungoliant]], a mysterious dark spirit in spider-form once his servant, but who had disowned him after his failure. After some time he convinced her to dismiss her fears with the offer of rich rewards, and she wove a cloak of shadow about them both.

Then Melkor and Ungoliant attacked while there was festival in [[Valmar]]. Melkor drained the [[Two Trees]] with his lance, and Ungoliant drank the blood. Then she drank dry the [[Wells of Varda]], and the two fled north to [[Formenos]], leaving the land once more in darkness and confusion. At Formenos Melkor slew [[Finwë]] and ravished the treasury of Fëanor, including the [[Silmarils]]. Then he passed over the icy [[Helcaraxë]], entering once more into [[Middle-earth]]. He was soon back in [[Angband]]. He had struck swiftly and surely. But Fëanor cursed him, naming him [[Morgoth]], and by that name he was known ever after to the Eldar.

===Return to Beleriand===

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils'']]

Once in safety, Ungoliant turned on her partner, demanding the jewels of Fëanor. The spider had grown in size and strength, and Morgoth, now very weak from his efforts, feared her suddenly. Lacking the strength to fight the monstrous spider, he reluctantly parted with each of the beautiful gems, and Ungoliant devoured them. But Morgoth refused to give up the Silmarils, and she encased him in webs, torturing him and nearly devouring him. A loud cry of desperation from Morgoth penetrated deep into the walls of Angband and was heeded by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] and the [[balrogs]], and they rescued him from her clutches, driving Ungoliant away with their whips. So Morgoth returned to Angband.

===Wars of Beleriand===
Morgoth rebuilt the fortress there, and learned of the Elves who had remained in Middle-earth. [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] and the [[Sindar]] dwelt in the woodland kingdom of [[Doriath]], while [[Círdan]] and the [[Teleri]] lived at the [[Falas]] and [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]] and the [[Nandor]] camped in [[Ossiriand]]. Morgoth made war on Thingol, surrounding Doriath and cutting Thingol off from Círdan. But Thingol was able to contact Denethor for help, and the Nandor joined with the Sindar to fight the [[Orcs]] between [[Aros]] and [[Gelion]]. Caught between the two armies, the Orcs of Morgoth were utterly defeated in the [[First Battle]]. Fleeing north they were intercepted and further demolished by the [[Naugrim]]. The Orcs attacking Círdan were more successful – pushing the Teleri to the very edge of the sea.

====Dagor-nuin-Giliath====
Morgoth was confronted by further challenges when Fëanor landed in Middle-earth. They set up at [[Mithrim]], but Morgoth [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath|attacked them]] quickly, hoping to dislodge them before they settled in too much and became a threat. But the Elves were just come out of [[Aman]], and they had the light of that country in their eyes. The Orcs dreaded them, and were swept before them like chaff before wind. Fëanor pursued them even nigh to the [[Thangorodrim]] and the gates of [[Angband]], but Morgoth sent out Gothmog and his balrogs. Fëanor was killed, but the balrogs were driven back. The Falas were freed, and though Morgoth had practically lost [[Beleriand]] outside of the [[Ered Engrin]], he was comforted in the fact that Fëanor was dead.

====Dagor Aglareb====
Yet [[Fingolfin]] came next, with his sons and the sons of [[Finarfin]]. They marched even to the gates of Angband, and yet could not go farther. As the Elves began to build (or rebuild) their kingdoms in Middle-earth, Morgoth waited sixty years before he struck again. It was the [[Dagor Aglareb]], the “Glorious Battle”, called such because it was a great victory for the Elves. Fingolfin and [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, combined their strength and repelled Morgoth. They then set up the [[Siege of Angband]], which was designed to keep Morgoth holed up in his fortress.

====Dagor Bragollach and Fingolfin====
[[Image:John Howe - Fingolfin's Challenge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Fingolfin's Challenge'']]Though Morgoth was not as helpless as he appeared, he remained dormant and hidden until {{FA|455}}. Then he surged forth suddenly, taking the slackened besiegers by surprise. Flames covered the formerly green [[Ard-galen]] (causing the battle to be known as the [[Dagor Bragollach]]), and several Noldor-lords fell in the succeeding combat. Much of Beleriand was overrun and [[Dorthonion]] was taken, as were northern [[Sirion]] and [[Maglor's Gap]]. In a single stroke Morgoth had broken the Siege of Angband, but the victory was not as complete as he would have preferred. [[Himring]] and [[Hithlum]] had held against him. King [[Fingolfin]] was dismayed and enraged by the defeat, and went to Angband. There he challenged Morgoth to single combat. Morgoth scoffed the warrior, and did not dare refuse his challenge. He strode out, his footsteps like thunder on the earth. He was clad in black armor with a spiked crown and shield, with [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]], the Hammer of the Underworld, and he and Fingolfin fought in a ferocious duel. Flames gashed from the earth with each strike of his hammer, but Fingolfin was faster and avoided each powerful, but slow, swing. The Elf-lord gave Morgoth seven wounds, and though Morgoth shouted in anguish, he was too powerful to be slain. Fingolfin grew weary and was struck down by Morgoth's shield. As Morgoth placed his foot on Fingolfin's neck to break it, Fingolfin ran his blade through Morgoth's foot, and Morgoth’s blood filled pools made by his hammer. The enraged Morgoth crushed Fingolfin, though he was left with a permanent limp from the injury. Morgoth, in his wrath, wished to rend the corpse and feed it to his wolves, but could not desecrate the body, for [[Thorondor]] flew in, scratching Morgoth's face and escaping with Fingolfin's body.

====The Quest for the Silmaril====
For some time after that the world lay in watchful discomfort. The southern part of [[Beleriand]] was, for the most part, free from Morgoth’s direct wrath. There arose two in [[Doriath]], [[Beren]] of [[House of Bëor|Bëor’s House]] and [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], Thingol’s daughter. These two lovers embarked on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]], in the process removing [[Sauron]] from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] and entering Angband in disguise. Morgoth plotted some evil against Lúthien when she stood exposed in his presence, but allowed her to dance for him and she lured him to sleep with her song. One of the Silmarils was stolen from his crown, and Morgoth bore only two until the [[War of Wrath]].

====Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
Some time after, in {{FA|471}}, [[Maedhros]] made a great [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] with the [[Naugrim]], [[Edain]], and other [[Noldor]]. They marched to challenge Morgoth, clearing Beleriand of his scattered forces. But Morgoth through his spies anticipated their actions, and met them with his allies the [[Easterlings]] in a huge battle in which he prevailed, and many princes and rulers of Men, Elves, and Dwarves fell. Thus the battle was named ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]'', “Battle of Unnumbered Tears”. Morgoth’s victory was almost complete, as he razed [[Hithlum]], the [[Falas]], the [[March of Maedhros]], as well as [[Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495|n}}. But [[Turgon]], King of [[Gondolin]], escaped by the valiant actions of the [[House of Hador]], the last of the [[Edain]] in the north. The survivors had all gone down to the [[Isle of Balar]] and the [[Mouths of Sirion]].

===The Curse of Morgoth===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Morgoth Punishes Húrin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Morgoth Punishes Húrin'']]
Morgoth took [[Húrin]], who had been captured during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and set him in the high places of Thangorodrim, to watch his family, whom Morgoth cursed. Upon the death of [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] and [[Nienor]], Húrin’s children, Morgoth released Húrin to further his cause.

===The Fall of Gondolin===
Some time later, by the aid of [[Maeglin]], a traitor-elf, Morgoth discovered and laid siege to [[Gondolin]]. [[Turgon]] King, the last male heir of Fingolfin’s house, was killed during the siege. Morgoth’s victory in the north was now complete, though he had lost [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] his captain and marshall of his armies. and many other high-ranking officers in the battle. Also, a small remnant including [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] escaped the destruction of the city, bearing their son [[Eärendil]].

===The War of Wrath===
This was to be Morgoth’s doom, for some years later, Eärendil sailed to [[Valinor]] seeking the pardon of the [[Valar]]. This he earned, and the Valar advanced across [[Belegaer]] with a mighty host. Morgoth loosed all his demons and defenses against them, but could not stop their might. His dragons fell to the [[Eagles]], and [[Ancalagon]] was brought down by Eärendil himself from his ship, [[Vingilot]]. Morgoth was seized in his fortress Angband, his feet "hewn from under him, and he was hurled upon his face", the Silmarils were removed from his crown, and he was bound once more with the chain called Angainor.<ref>{{S|24}}</ref> This time, however, he was ejected from Arda and cast into the [[Void]]. But though he had been vanquished, Arda was forever marred, and there was one still at large to carry on his evil legacy: his greatest servant, the fallen Maia [[Sauron]].

==The Future==
Morgoth remains in the Void, unable to return to Arda as long as the Valar maintain their power over it. Nevertheless, according to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], Morgoth will come back and attack Arda. He will fight a great battle, called the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]], against the Valar and their allies, but will ultimately be slain by [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], the Man he cursed. By finally defeating Morgoth, Túrin will avenge not only himself, but all members of the race of Men, since Morgoth seduced them long ago.
In other versions Eönwë is the one who will kill Morgoth for his love for Arien (previously named Urwendi), instead of Turin. This is said at the end of The Hiding of Valinor. Either way, the prophecy states that Melkor will bring great devastation to Arda, which will be remade into a greater form after his permanent defeat.

==Legacy==
Morgoth's will was suffused into the matter of Arda, so in a sense he is never truly gone. Arda was [[Arda Marred|marred]] by him so deeply that only Eru could fully repair the damage. Those who wished to follow in Morgoth's footsteps, such as Sauron, found that by using his residual influence, they could easily corrupt races they wished to dominate.

==Characteristics==
Morgoth had taken a form great and terrible, and was eventually unable to leave it. He received many scars and wounds over the ages: his hands were burned forever when he touched the Silmarils, Fingolfin wounded him seven times during their battle as well as a wound the foot that caused him ever after to limp, Thorondor scarred his face with his talons.

Morgoth wielded [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]] in battle, a weapon he presumably forged himself in [[Angband]] (unless Sauron or [[Gothmog]] had held it safe after the [[Siege of Utumno]]). Morgoth was originally the most powerful of the Ainur and stronger than any other Vala; however, after his treachery, he continually spread his influence and might thin across Arda and suffered several defeats, and his power slowly, though significantly, weakened. 

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Morgoth'' ("the Black Foe"<ref name=VT49a>{{VT|49a}}, pp. 24-5</ref> or "Dark Tyrant"<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref>) was given him by [[Fëanor]].

Tolkien experimented (but apparently never reached a decision) with different Quenya translations of ''Morgoth'': ''Moringotto'', ''Moriñgotho'', or ''Morikotto''.<ref name=VT49a/>

==Names==
===Melkor===
'''''Melkor''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmelkor]}}) means "mighty arising"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 115</ref> or "'Mighty-rising', [[Wikipedia:Viz.|sc.]] 'uprising of power'"<ref name=P4k>{{MR|P4k}}, p. 350</ref>. The name is generally used to refer to this [[Valar|Vala]] prior to his theft of the [[Silmarils]]; for after the theft [[Fëanor]] named him ''Morgoth''.

''Melkor'' is a compound of ''mbelek-'' (''melek'', "great, mighty, powerful"; root [[BEL|BEL, MBEL]]) + ''[[óre]]''.<ref name=PE17/>

The older form of ''Melkor'' is said to be ''Melkórë''.<ref name=P4k/>

In earlier versions of the [[legendarium]], the form of the name was ''Melko''.<ref>{{HM|HM}}</ref> At one instance in a late glossary (c. 1959), ''Melko'', meaning "simply 'the Mighty One'", is also said to be an alternative form of ''Melkor''.<ref name=P4k/>

===Other names and titles===
*'''''Bauglir''''', ([[S.]] "the Constrainer") was a title given to Melkor after his return to [[Angband]] at the beginning of the [[First Age]]. It was often combined with the name ''Morgoth'' to become the full title ''Morgoth Bauglir''.
* ''Dark King (of Angband)'' – given him by [[Men]]
* ''[[Dark Lord]]''
* [[Sindarin]] '''''Belegûr''''' ("he who arises in might") or '''''Belegurth''''' ("Great Death"; containing the element ''[[gurth]]'' "death")<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 358 (note 21)</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>
* ''King of the World'' - called thus himself after his return to the Middle-earth<ref>{{S|9}}.</ref>
* ''Black King''<ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 42</ref>
* ''Lord of All'' and ''Giver of Freedom'' – thus called by [[Sauron]] who encouraged [[Ar-Pharazôn]] to worship Melkor<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
* ''Lord of the Dark''
* ''Dark Hunter'' – Given him by the fearful early [[Elves]] before they met [[Oromë]]
* ''mbelekôro'' – [[Common Eldarin]]
* ''Great Enemy''
* ''Master of Lies'' - given him by [[Amlach]]<ref>{{S|17}}.</ref>
* ''Master of the fates of Arda'' - used by him when speaking to [[Húrin]]
* ''[[Elder King]]'' - used when speaking to [[Húrin]]<ref>{{CH|3}}, p. 64</ref>
* ''Melko, Belcha, Melegor, Meleko'' – Earlier names Tolkien used but abandoned

==Minions==
* [[Sauron]] – Greatest of his servants, later to become [[Lord of the Rings]], perished with [[the One Ring]]
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Lord of Balrogs]] – killed by [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[Glaurung]] – [[Father of Dragons]], killed by [[Túrin]]
* [[Draugluin]] - First of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Carcharoth]] - Greatest of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Thuringwethil]] - Vampire Herald of Sauron
* [[Ancalagon]] – Greatest of the [[Winged Dragons]], slain by [[Eärendil]]
* [[Othrod]] – [[Orcs|Orc]]-general during the Fall of Gondolin, killed by [[Tuor]]
* [[Lungorthin]] - A Balrog, Master of the Guard of Angband
* [[Fankil]] - Evil spirit, escaped from Utumno after its fall, leader of dark armies in the East (Palisor)

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Morgoth|Images of Morgoth]]

{{references}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Morgoth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/morgoth]]
[[fi:Morgoth]]

Morgoth

2014-09-18T03:14:41Z

Smog: /* Characteristics */ Morgoth is not one of the Valar nor counted among them.

{{sources}}{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - And Morgoth came.jpg|250px]]
| name=Morgoth
| othernames=See [[Morgoth#Names|names]]
| created=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| years=c. [[Years of the Lamps 1|Y.L. 1]]-[[Years of the Lamps 1500|Y.L. 1500]], c. [[Years of the Lamps 3400|Y.L. 3400]]-{{YT|1100}}, c. {{YT|1500}}-{{FA|590}}
| age=
| destroyed=Thrust into the [[Void]] {{FA|590}}
| realm=[[Utumno]], [[Angband]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Ainur]]
| appearance=As [[Dark Lord]], assumed tall, dark, terrible form
| accomplishments=Disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur|Music]], [[Arda Marred|corrupted]] [[Arda]], Controlled all of [[Middle-earth]] for a time, created [[Orcs]], destroyed the [[Two Trees]], stole the [[Silmarils]], took over [[Beleriand]], destroyed the [[Two Lamps]]
}}
'''Morgoth''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmorɡoθ]}}), also known as '''[[Morgoth#Names|Melkor]]''', was the greatest of the [[Ainur]]. He fell from glory when he disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur]] and defied the will of [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]]. Morgoth corrupted many of the Ainur to his allegiance, fought the [[Valar]], and corrupted [[Arda]]. His theft of the [[Silmarils]] and [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against [[Elves]] and [[Men]] encompassed much of the history of the [[First Age]]. Eventually, Morgoth was bound in chains by the Valar and thrown into the [[Void]], leaving the permanent damage his evils had done, and his servant [[Sauron]], to trouble the world. One day, according to [[Final Battle|prophecy]], Morgoth will rise again in great wrath, but he will be destroyed in the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]].{{Pronounce|Sindarin - Morgoth.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

==History==
The first and most powerful of the [[Ainur]] that [[Ilúvatar]] created was a spirit known as Melkor. Because he wandered through the [[Void]] in an attempt to find and use the [[Flame Imperishable]], the source of [[Ilúvatar]]'s creative activity, Melkor developed ideas unlike those of the other Ainur. His feelings grew rebellious against his creator, for he wished to create sentient beings to inhabit the Void and was dissatisfied by the fact that Ilúvatar had not done so. However, Melkor could not find the Flame, for it was not in the Void, but with Ilúvatar.

===The Music of the Ainur===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Melkor weaves Opposing Music'']]
When the Ainur [[Music of the Ainur|made music]], Melkor weaved his strange thoughts into his song. His song clashed against the Theme of Ilúvatar, disturbing the Ainur around him and causing some of them to attune their music to his. For a while the Theme of Ilúvatar and the discords of Melkor warred against one another. But Eru smiled, and sent forth a new theme. Most of the Ainur joined with it, but Melkor rebelliously opposed it even more violently. At last many of the Ainur stopped singing in dismay, and Melkor’s discords gained dominance. Eru sent out a third Theme against Melkor, sweeter and more beautiful than the others, and unquenchable. But though Melkor could not defeat it, still he opposed it. At last Eru halted the music completely with a single chord.

Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music found its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways. Melkor was shamed and angered by this judgment, but hid his feelings. When Eru showed the Ainur the product of their music, [[Eä]], Melkor was one of those who begged to enter [[Arda]], pretending to be willing to cultivate it and guide it for Ilúvatar’s glory. He actually wished to dominate Arda and its creatures, especially the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Nonetheless, he was allowed to enter Eä and come to Arda with the other [[Valar]]. Once there, Melkor declared to his colleagues that he was the master of Arda henceforth. [[Manwë]], his brother, did not understand his evil, but fearing that Melkor might try and disrupt their labors in Arda, called forth many more Ainur to protect them. Melkor departed to the remote regions of Eä, leaving the world in peace for a while.

===Wars of the Valar===
But Melkor took form, great and terrible, and attacked the Valar’s work in preparing the Earth. There was war, the [[First War with Melkor]], and though he disrupted their work and destroyed much, a great spirit named [[Tulkas]] came to Arda from other regions of Eä to combat him. After Tulkas drove Melkor away, the Valar managed to complete Arda, and the world was established.

The Valar dwelt in a land called [[Almaren]], and raised up [[two lamps]] to light the young earth: [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. Melkor, meanwhile, had attracted the attention and even in a few cases admiration from the [[Maiar]], the lesser spirits of [[Arda]]. Melkor had many spies among them, and from them learned all that the Valar did, and bided his time. As the Valar sat down to a feast at the completion of their labors, Melkor gathered together those loyal to him, and looking down on the beautiful Arda was filled with hatred. Tulkas was wedded to [[Nessa]] at that feast, and she danced before the Valar. Tulkas fell asleep, and that is when Melkor struck.

Melkor with his host passed over the [[Walls of Night]] and returned to Arda once more. Without the watchfulness of Tulkas, the Valar were unaware of his coming, and he began to delve in the depths of the earth, making a fortress called [[Utumno]] northwards beneath the mountains in the dimness of Illuin. The [[Spring of Arda]] became blighted as the cold evil flowed out of the fortress. Death and illness took the green things of Arda, and animals fought and killed one another, while flies brooded in massive numbers. The Valar knew then that Melkor was at work, and sought his hiding place.

But Melkor struck the first blow. He destroyed the Two Lamps, and caused the world to be filled with flowing fire and surging water. The symmetry of Arda was broken. And in the darkness and confusion Melkor escaped, returning to Utumno. Though together the Valar were stronger than Melkor, they could not punish him at that time, for they needed their strength to keep the world from collapsing into ruin. The Spring of Arda had ended in turmoil.

===Dominance of Middle-earth===
With Almaren destroyed, the Valar departed to a new continent across the [[Belegaer|sea]], [[Aman]], and built [[Valinor]]. They also established new sources of light, the [[Two Trees]], to light the world. Melkor, meanwhile, wandered across the face of [[Middle-earth]], in various guises, but armed with cold and fire. Some of the Valar were unwilling to forsake Middle-earth, however; [[Ulmo]] and [[Yavanna]], particularly. Also [[Oromë]] would ride in Middle-earth, killing the terrors of Melkor, who began to fear that the Valar might rise up against him in wrath.

Melkor brooded in the north and built his strength, gathering his demons about him, breeding great monsters, attended by his Maiar-servants later known as [[Balrogs]]. He also created another fortress and armory called [[Angband]], in the northwest of Middle Earth, to resist any Valarin attacks. He placed his greatest servant, [[Sauron]], in control of that stronghold. Melkor, by wandering about, also learned of the awakening of the first of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], the [[Elves]]. He instilled fear in them, and slew or captured many of them. Some of those he captured, it is believed, may have been transformed into [[Orcs]] by torture and breeding.

===Time in Valinor===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - The Captivity of Morgoth.jpg|thumb|left|Jacek Kopalski - ''The Captivity of Morgoth'']]

The Valar were not long, however, in discovering the Elves. Fearing that they would be destroyed or corrupted by Melkor, Manwë decided that Ilúvatar wished them to recover Middle-earth at all costs. They laid [[Siege of Utumno|siege to Utumno]], and eventually destroyed it after a great battle during which the face of Middle-earth was transformed. Melkor was [[Captivity of Melkor|captured]] and chained with the chain [[Angainor]], but Sauron escaped. Melkor was imprisoned in the halls of [[Mandos]], and remained there for three ages, plotting revenge.

At the end of his time, Melkor was presented to his brother Manwë. Melkor, swallowing his pride with thoughts of vengeance, prostrated himself before the throne of Manwë, begging for pardon. Manwë granted him thus, though [[Ulmo]] and [[Tulkas]] were displeased with this judgement. Yet the Valar would not let him leave their sight, and he stayed in [[Valmar]]. Before long, he began to exert his corrupting influence on the Elves, especially the [[Noldor]]. For the [[Vanyar]] did not trust him, and the [[Teleri]] he thought too weak for his designs, but the Noldor were curious, and eager to learn what he could teach them.

===Revenge against the Valar===
[[File:John Howe - The Killing of the Trees.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''The Killing of the Trees'']]
In time Melkor found his greatest adversary and yet greatest tool in the form of [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. Fëanor was the creator of the [[Silmarils]], which Melkor lusted after. As Melkor subtly spread lies and half-truths about the Valar and the Coming of [[Men]] in the form of rumors, Fëanor was greatly influenced, though he hated Melkor himself and had no idea that he was their source. His new ideas of wide lands and realms to rule touched the heart of Fëanor, and the hearts of many other Noldor. They began to murmur against the Valar, and the peace of Valinor was disturbed. Fëanor soon stirred up trouble, and while on trial before the Valar it was revealed that Melkor was at the bottom of the murmurings and troubles. Tulkas left straight-away to deal with him, but found Melkor gone. He had escaped.

Melkor was not seen for a while, but then appeared at [[Formenos]] to Fëanor, tempting him with words of friendship, and an offer of vengeance against the Valar whom Fëanor perceived had wronged him. Fëanor wavered, but Melkor pressed his advantage too much. He touched a chord about the Silmarils, and Fëanor, seeing his designs and lust for the jewels, cursed and rejected him. Melkor departed in anger, and went south past the mountain of [[Hyarmentir]], to the shadowed valley of [[Avathar]] where there dwelt [[Ungoliant]], a mysterious dark spirit in spider-form once his servant, but who had disowned him after his failure. After some time he convinced her to dismiss her fears with the offer of rich rewards, and she wove a cloak of shadow about them both.

Then Melkor and Ungoliant attacked while there was festival in [[Valmar]]. Melkor drained the [[Two Trees]] with his lance, and Ungoliant drank the blood. Then she drank dry the [[Wells of Varda]], and the two fled north to [[Formenos]], leaving the land once more in darkness and confusion. At Formenos Melkor slew [[Finwë]] and ravished the treasury of Fëanor, including the [[Silmarils]]. Then he passed over the icy [[Helcaraxë]], entering once more into [[Middle-earth]]. He was soon back in [[Angband]]. He had struck swiftly and surely. But Fëanor cursed him, naming him [[Morgoth]], and by that name he was known ever after to the Eldar.

===Return to Beleriand===

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Ungoliant Demands the Silmarils'']]

Once in safety, Ungoliant turned on her partner, demanding the jewels of Fëanor. The spider had grown in size and strength, and Morgoth, now very weak from his efforts, feared her suddenly. Lacking the strength to fight the monstrous spider, he reluctantly parted with each of the beautiful gems, and Ungoliant devoured them. But Morgoth refused to give up the Silmarils, and she encased him in webs, torturing him and nearly devouring him. A loud cry of desperation from Morgoth penetrated deep into the walls of Angband and was heeded by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] and the [[balrogs]], and they rescued him from her clutches, driving Ungoliant away with their whips. So Morgoth returned to Angband.

===Wars of Beleriand===
Morgoth rebuilt the fortress there, and learned of the Elves who had remained in Middle-earth. [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]] and the [[Sindar]] dwelt in the woodland kingdom of [[Doriath]], while [[Círdan]] and the [[Teleri]] lived at the [[Falas]] and [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]] and the [[Nandor]] camped in [[Ossiriand]]. Morgoth made war on Thingol, surrounding Doriath and cutting Thingol off from Círdan. But Thingol was able to contact Denethor for help, and the Nandor joined with the Sindar to fight the [[Orcs]] between [[Aros]] and [[Gelion]]. Caught between the two armies, the Orcs of Morgoth were utterly defeated in the [[First Battle]]. Fleeing north they were intercepted and further demolished by the [[Naugrim]]. The Orcs attacking Círdan were more successful – pushing the Teleri to the very edge of the sea.

====Dagor-nuin-Giliath====
Morgoth was confronted by further challenges when Fëanor landed in Middle-earth. They set up at [[Mithrim]], but Morgoth [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath|attacked them]] quickly, hoping to dislodge them before they settled in too much and became a threat. But the Elves were just come out of [[Aman]], and they had the light of that country in their eyes. The Orcs dreaded them, and were swept before them like chaff before wind. Fëanor pursued them even nigh to the [[Thangorodrim]] and the gates of [[Angband]], but Morgoth sent out Gothmog and his balrogs. Fëanor was killed, but the balrogs were driven back. The Falas were freed, and though Morgoth had practically lost [[Beleriand]] outside of the [[Ered Engrin]], he was comforted in the fact that Fëanor was dead.

====Dagor Aglareb====
Yet [[Fingolfin]] came next, with his sons and the sons of [[Finarfin]]. They marched even to the gates of Angband, and yet could not go farther. As the Elves began to build (or rebuild) their kingdoms in Middle-earth, Morgoth waited sixty years before he struck again. It was the [[Dagor Aglareb]], the “Glorious Battle”, called such because it was a great victory for the Elves. Fingolfin and [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, combined their strength and repelled Morgoth. They then set up the [[Siege of Angband]], which was designed to keep Morgoth holed up in his fortress.

====Dagor Bragollach and Fingolfin====
[[Image:John Howe - Fingolfin's Challenge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Fingolfin's Challenge'']]Though Morgoth was not as helpless as he appeared, he remained dormant and hidden until {{FA|455}}. Then he surged forth suddenly, taking the slackened besiegers by surprise. Flames covered the formerly green [[Ard-galen]] (causing the battle to be known as the [[Dagor Bragollach]]), and several Noldor-lords fell in the succeeding combat. Much of Beleriand was overrun and [[Dorthonion]] was taken, as were northern [[Sirion]] and [[Maglor's Gap]]. In a single stroke Morgoth had broken the Siege of Angband, but the victory was not as complete as he would have preferred. [[Himring]] and [[Hithlum]] had held against him. King [[Fingolfin]] was dismayed and enraged by the defeat, and went to Angband. There he challenged Morgoth to single combat. Morgoth was the only Valar capable of feeling fear, and thus was hesitant, but he scoffed the warrior, and did not dare refuse his challenge. He strode out, his footsteps like thunder on the earth. He was clad in black armor with a spiked crown and shield, with [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]], the Hammer of the Underworld, and he and Fingolfin fought in a ferocious duel. Flames gashed from the earth with each strike of his hammer, but Fingolfin was faster and avoided each powerful, but slow, swing. The Elf-lord gave Morgoth seven wounds, and though Morgoth shouted in anguish, he was too powerful to be slain. Fingolfin grew weary and was struck down by Morgoth's shield. As Morgoth placed his foot on Fingolfin's neck to break it, Fingolfin ran his blade through Morgoth's foot, and Morgoth’s blood filled pools made by his hammer. The enraged Morgoth crushed Fingolfin, though he was left with a permanent limp from the injury. Morgoth, in his wrath, wished to rend the corpse and feed it to his wolves, but could not desecrate the body, for [[Thorondor]] flew in, scratching Morgoth's face and escaping with Fingolfin's body.

====The Quest for the Silmaril====
For some time after that the world lay in watchful discomfort. The southern part of [[Beleriand]] was, for the most part, free from Morgoth’s direct wrath. There arose two in [[Doriath]], [[Beren]] of [[House of Bëor|Bëor’s House]] and [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], Thingol’s daughter. These two lovers embarked on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]], in the process removing [[Sauron]] from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] and entering Angband in disguise. Morgoth plotted some evil against Lúthien when she stood exposed in his presence, but allowed her to dance for him and she lured him to sleep with her song. One of the Silmarils was stolen from his crown, and Morgoth bore only two until the [[War of Wrath]].

====Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
Some time after, in {{FA|471}}, [[Maedhros]] made a great [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] with the [[Naugrim]], [[Edain]], and other [[Noldor]]. They marched to challenge Morgoth, clearing Beleriand of his scattered forces. But Morgoth through his spies anticipated their actions, and met them with his allies the [[Easterlings]] in a huge battle in which he prevailed, and many princes and rulers of Men, Elves, and Dwarves fell. Thus the battle was named ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]'', “Battle of Unnumbered Tears”. Morgoth’s victory was almost complete, as he razed [[Hithlum]], the [[Falas]], the [[March of Maedhros]], as well as [[Nargothrond]] in {{FA|495|n}}. But [[Turgon]], King of [[Gondolin]], escaped by the valiant actions of the [[House of Hador]], the last of the [[Edain]] in the north. The survivors had all gone down to the [[Isle of Balar]] and the [[Mouths of Sirion]].

===The Curse of Morgoth===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Morgoth Punishes Húrin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Morgoth Punishes Húrin'']]
Morgoth took [[Húrin]], who had been captured during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and set him in the high places of Thangorodrim, to watch his family, whom Morgoth cursed. Upon the death of [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] and [[Nienor]], Húrin’s children, Morgoth released Húrin to further his cause.

===The Fall of Gondolin===
Some time later, by the aid of [[Maeglin]], a traitor-elf, Morgoth discovered and laid siege to [[Gondolin]]. [[Turgon]] King, the last male heir of Fingolfin’s house, was killed during the siege. Morgoth’s victory in the north was now complete, though he had lost [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] his captain and marshall of his armies. and many other high-ranking officers in the battle. Also, a small remnant including [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] escaped the destruction of the city, bearing their son [[Eärendil]].

===The War of Wrath===
This was to be Morgoth’s doom, for some years later, Eärendil sailed to [[Valinor]] seeking the pardon of the [[Valar]]. This he earned, and the Valar advanced across [[Belegaer]] with a mighty host. Morgoth loosed all his demons and defenses against them, but could not stop their might. His dragons fell to the [[Eagles]], and [[Ancalagon]] was brought down by Eärendil himself from his ship, [[Vingilot]]. Morgoth was seized in his fortress Angband, his feet "hewn from under him, and he was hurled upon his face", the Silmarils were removed from his crown, and he was bound once more with the chain called Angainor.<ref>{{S|24}}</ref> This time, however, he was ejected from Arda and cast into the [[Void]]. But though he had been vanquished, Arda was forever marred, and there was one still at large to carry on his evil legacy: his greatest servant, the fallen Maia [[Sauron]].

==The Future==
Morgoth remains in the Void, unable to return to Arda as long as the Valar maintain their power over it. Nevertheless, according to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], Morgoth will come back and attack Arda. He will fight a great battle, called the [[Final Battle|Dagor Dagorath]], against the Valar and their allies, but will ultimately be slain by [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], the Man he cursed. By finally defeating Morgoth, Túrin will avenge not only himself, but all members of the race of Men, since Morgoth seduced them long ago.
In other versions Eönwë is the one who will kill Morgoth for his love for Arien (previously named Urwendi), instead of Turin. This is said at the end of The Hiding of Valinor. Either way, the prophecy states that Melkor will bring great devastation to Arda, which will be remade into a greater form after his permanent defeat.

==Legacy==
Morgoth's will was suffused into the matter of Arda, so in a sense he is never truly gone. Arda was [[Arda Marred|marred]] by him so deeply that only Eru could fully repair the damage. Those who wished to follow in Morgoth's footsteps, such as Sauron, found that by using his residual influence, they could easily corrupt races they wished to dominate.

==Characteristics==
Morgoth had taken a form great and terrible, and was eventually unable to leave it. He received many scars and wounds over the ages: his hands were burned forever when he touched the Silmarils, Fingolfin wounded him seven times during their battle as well as a wound the foot that caused him ever after to limp, Thorondor scarred his face with his talons.

Morgoth wielded [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]] in battle, a weapon he presumably forged himself in [[Angband]] (unless Sauron or [[Gothmog]] had held it safe after the [[Siege of Utumno]]). Morgoth was originally the most powerful of the Ainur and stronger than any other Vala; however, after his treachery, he continually spread his influence and might thin across Arda and suffered several defeats, and his power slowly, though significantly, weakened. 

==Etymology==
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Morgoth'' ("the Black Foe"<ref name=VT49a>{{VT|49a}}, pp. 24-5</ref> or "Dark Tyrant"<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 85</ref>) was given him by [[Fëanor]].

Tolkien experimented (but apparently never reached a decision) with different Quenya translations of ''Morgoth'': ''Moringotto'', ''Moriñgotho'', or ''Morikotto''.<ref name=VT49a/>

==Names==
===Melkor===
'''''Melkor''''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmelkor]}}) means "mighty arising"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 115</ref> or "'Mighty-rising', [[Wikipedia:Viz.|sc.]] 'uprising of power'"<ref name=P4k>{{MR|P4k}}, p. 350</ref>. The name is generally used to refer to this [[Valar|Vala]] prior to his theft of the [[Silmarils]]; for after the theft [[Fëanor]] named him ''Morgoth''.

''Melkor'' is a compound of ''mbelek-'' (''melek'', "great, mighty, powerful"; root [[BEL|BEL, MBEL]]) + ''[[óre]]''.<ref name=PE17/>

The older form of ''Melkor'' is said to be ''Melkórë''.<ref name=P4k/>

In earlier versions of the [[legendarium]], the form of the name was ''Melko''.<ref>{{HM|HM}}</ref> At one instance in a late glossary (c. 1959), ''Melko'', meaning "simply 'the Mighty One'", is also said to be an alternative form of ''Melkor''.<ref name=P4k/>

===Other names and titles===
*'''''Bauglir''''', ([[S.]] "the Constrainer") was a title given to Melkor after his return to [[Angband]] at the beginning of the [[First Age]]. It was often combined with the name ''Morgoth'' to become the full title ''Morgoth Bauglir''.
* ''Dark King (of Angband)'' – given him by [[Men]]
* ''[[Dark Lord]]''
* [[Sindarin]] '''''Belegûr''''' ("he who arises in might") or '''''Belegurth''''' ("Great Death"; containing the element ''[[gurth]]'' "death")<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 358 (note 21)</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>
* ''King of the World'' - called thus himself after his return to the Middle-earth<ref>{{S|9}}.</ref>
* ''Black King''<ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 42</ref>
* ''Lord of All'' and ''Giver of Freedom'' – thus called by [[Sauron]] who encouraged [[Ar-Pharazôn]] to worship Melkor<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
* ''Lord of the Dark''
* ''Dark Hunter'' – Given him by the fearful early [[Elves]] before they met [[Oromë]]
* ''mbelekôro'' – [[Common Eldarin]]
* ''Great Enemy''
* ''Master of Lies'' - given him by [[Amlach]]<ref>{{S|17}}.</ref>
* ''Master of the fates of Arda'' - used by him when speaking to [[Húrin]]
* ''[[Elder King]]'' - used when speaking to [[Húrin]]<ref>{{CH|3}}, p. 64</ref>
* ''Melko, Belcha, Melegor, Meleko'' – Earlier names Tolkien used but abandoned

==Minions==
* [[Sauron]] – Greatest of his servants, later to become [[Lord of the Rings]], perished with [[the One Ring]]
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Lord of Balrogs]] – killed by [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[Glaurung]] – [[Father of Dragons]], killed by [[Túrin]]
* [[Draugluin]] - First of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Carcharoth]] - Greatest of the Werewolves of Angband
* [[Thuringwethil]] - Vampire Herald of Sauron
* [[Ancalagon]] – Greatest of the [[Winged Dragons]], slain by [[Eärendil]]
* [[Othrod]] – [[Orcs|Orc]]-general during the Fall of Gondolin, killed by [[Tuor]]
* [[Lungorthin]] - A Balrog, Master of the Guard of Angband
* [[Fankil]] - Evil spirit, escaped from Utumno after its fall, leader of dark armies in the East (Palisor)

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Morgoth|Images of Morgoth]]

{{references}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Morgoth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/morgoth]]
[[fi:Morgoth]]

Dáin Ironfoot

2014-09-16T08:35:44Z

Smog: /* King under the Mountain */ Grammar and syntax

{{disambig-two|the successor of [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]|earlier King of Durin's Folk|[[Dáin I]]}}
{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[File:Turner Mohan - Dain.jpg|250px]]
| name=Dáin Ironfoot
| pronun=
| othernames=Dáin II
| titles=[[Lord of the Iron Hills]]<br/>[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[King under the Mountain]]
| position=
| location=[[Iron Hills]]<br/>[[Lonely Mountain]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Khuzdul]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2767}}
| birthlocation=[[Iron Hills]]
| rule={{TA|2805}}-{{TA|2941|n}} (Lord)<br/>{{TA|2941}}-{{TA|3019|n}} (King)
| death=[[17 March]] {{TA|3019}}
| deathlocation=[[Battle of Dale]]
| age=252
| notablefor=
| house=[[Durin's line]]
| parentage=[[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Thorin Stonehelm]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
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}}
{{Pronounce|Dain.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Dáin II''' or '''Dáin Ironfoot''' ([[Third Age]] 2767 – 3019, aged 252 years) was the [[Lord of the Iron Hills]] and [[King under the Mountain]]. In his life, he fought in the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]], the [[Battle of Five Armies]] and the [[Battle of Dale]]. He was renowned as a warrior across Middle-earth.<ref name="Erebor">{{UT|Erebor}}</ref>

==History==
===Early Life===
Dáin was born in {{TA|2767}} in the [[Iron Hills]], the son of [[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]], during the reign of his grandfather [[Grór]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

===War of the Dwarves and Orcs===
[[File:Liz Danforth - Dain and Azog.png|thumb|left|200px|Liz Danforth - ''Dáin and Azog'']]

After the murder of [[Thrór]] by [[Azog]] in {{TA|2790}}, his son [[Thráin II]] swore revenge. He summoned all available Dwarves, and sacked every Orc stronghold in the [[Misty Mountains]], battling his way to [[Moria]]. There, the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] raged before the gate of the ancient Dwarf stronghold.

[[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]] and his son Dáin arrived late in the battle, but proved pivotal. Fresh and well equipped, they drove through the Orc forces, until at last Náin confronted Azog. But Náin was weary and filled with anger, and Azog strong and agile. He darted from the dwarf's blows, and when the warrior stumbled, Azog hewed and broke his neck. However, all across the valley, his troops were in retreat. He tried to escape back inside, but he was followed by Dáin who with his red axe, hewed off his head before the doors of the East-Gate. He was a very young Dwarf at thirty-two at the time, and it was heralded as a magnificent feat.

After the battle King [[Thráin II]] wanted to enter Moria as his own. But Dáin dissuaded him, because he alone looked past the gate into Moria, and had the wisdom to know that it was impossible for Durin's folk to return at that time because of [[Durin's Bane]].<ref name="Durin"/>

=== Lord of the Iron Hills ===
Dáin returned to the Halls of Grór with his people, and with his father dead, became [[Lord of the Iron Hills]] at his grandfather's death in {{TA|2805}}. He had one son, [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin]], born in {{TA|2866}}.<ref name="Durin"/>

During his reign his people became the strongest in [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], being the only realm capable to resist [[Sauron]] if he dared come North and retake the realm of [[Angmar]] and the northern passes of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name="Erebor"/>

===The Battle of Five Armies===
[[File:Angus McBride - Dain II.jpg|thumb|right|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Dáin'']]
Nearly a hundred years later, King [[Thorin]], the son of [[Thráin II]], set out on a journey to reclaim [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor, the Lonely Mountain]], which had been usurped by the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]].<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref>

The dragon was slain, though by [[Bard]] of [[Lake-town]] and not by Thorin's company. Thorin claimed the entire hoard and proclaimed himself [[King under the Mountain]], but both Bard and the Elven king [[Thranduil]] both longed for compensation of their suffering caused by the Dragon. Because his company of thirteen could not hold the mountain, Thorin sent for Dáin.<ref>{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

Dáin responded to Thorin's call and set out with more than five hundred dwarves, well armed and experienced. They were originally intent on driving off the Elves and Men, but [[Gandalf]] arrived to inform them of the approaching Orcs and [[Wargs]]. They all united against the common enemy, and so was fought the [[Battle of Five Armies]] in the valley of [[Dale]].<ref>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

Thorin was killed in the battle, as were his sister-sons [[Kíli]] and [[Fíli]]. This made Dáin the next in line to become [[King under the Mountain]], and King of all of Durin's folk.<ref>{{H|Return}}</ref>

===King under the Mountain===
During his reign as king, he became exceedingly rich and his people were very prosperous. The town of [[Dale]] was rebuilt and its border stretched far to the South and East and the friendship between the [[Elves of Mirkwood]], [[Men of Dale]], and [[Dwarves of Erebor]] was close, especially between the Men and Dwarves. For the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] now exceeded all their ancestors in the art of masonry and mining, and created many beautiful things in Dale.<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

But not all were content. [[Balin]] set out with several others to reclaim Moria in {{TA|2989}}. Dáin did not give the expedition his blessing, and could not dissuade them.<ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> It was only later learned the colony was destroyed after five years.<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
In {{TA|3018}}, a messenger came from Mordor, enquiring about a creature named "[[Bilbo Baggins|Baggins]]" from "[[the Shire|Shire]]". In return for information Dáin would be given the last three [[Dwarf-rings]]. Dáin told him to give him time to think and for many weeks he pondered until he sent [[Glóin]] and his son [[Gimli]] to [[Elrond]] for council, and to warn Bilbo of the enemy looking for him.<ref name="Council"/>

After many months war came to Erebor in the [[Battle of Dale]]. King [[Brand]] of Dale was at war with [[Easterlings]] along the River [[Carnen]], but they defeated him and he retreated back to Dale where he was given aid by Dáin and an army of Dwarves. After three days of fighting the Dwarves and Men were driven back, and Brand was slain. But defending his body stood Dáin, who at over 250 years old was not feeble, and still could wield his axe with great skill. But his skill was not enough and he was slain as well before the gates of Erebor.<ref name="Erebor"/>

Several days later the Easterlings learned that the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] was lost and they were afraid. When the new King [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]], son of Dáin, and Brand's son [[Bard II]] saw this they came out of the mountain and routed their enemies.<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref>

==Etymology and names==
''Dáinn'' is a dwarf from the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. His name most likely means "Deadlike".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>

The epithet ''Ironfoot'' remains unexplained in the published writings of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. However, [[John D. Rateliff]] has pointed out that an explanation for the epithet is likely found in the original manuscript of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', where it is stated that the shoes of the Dwarves of the Iron Hills were of iron.<ref>{{HM|RB}}, p. 674 (note 12)</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | DAI | | | | | | |DAI=[[Dáin I]]<br/><small>''2440 - 2589''†</small>}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | THR | | FRO | | | | GRO |THR=[[Thrór]]<br/><small>''2542 - 2790''†</small>|FRO=[[Frór]]<br/><small>''2552 - 2589''†</small>|GRO=[[Grór]]<br/><small>''2565 - 2803''</small>}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | THN | | | | | | | | NAI |THN=[[Thráin II]]<br/><small>''2644 - 2850''†</small>|NAI=[[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]]<br/><small>''2665 - 2799''†</small>}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | THO | | FRE | | DIS | | | | DII |THO=[[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]<br/><small>''2746 - 2941''†</small>|FRE=[[Frerin]]<br/><small>''2751 - 2799''†</small>|DIS=[[Dís]]<br/><small>''2760 - ???''</small>|DII='''DÁIN II IRONFOOT'''<br/><small>''2767 - 3019''†</small>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | FIL | | KIL | | TH3 |FIL=[[Fíli]]<br/><small>''2859 - 2941''†</small>|KIL=[[Kíli]]<br/><small>''2864 - 2941''†</small>|TH3=[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]<br/><small>''2866 - ???''</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Dáin Ironfoot.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Dáin Ironfoot from [[The Lord of the Rings Online]]]]

===Films===
'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Dáin is said to come to Thorin's aid, but he is never individually identified. It's possible that he's the Dwarf who lays [[Orcrist]] on Thorin's body after he dies, as that Dwarf does not resemble any of the other 12 member's of Thorin's company.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Dáin Ironfoot will be played by [[Billy Connolly]].<ref name="BBCCasting1">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16960081|articlename=Billy Connolly lands dwarf role in The Hobbit|dated=9-Feb-2012|website=BBC|accessed=9-Feb-2012}}</ref>

===Radio series===
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:Dáin's voice is provided by [[Brian Haines]].<ref>Radio Times, Volume 181, No. 2349, [[14 November|November 14]], [[1968]]</ref>

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:No actor is credited for the role of Dáin.

===Games===
'''2001-07: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:[[Weta Workshop|Weta]] made a special card for Dáin.

[[File:Dain BFMEII.png|250px|thumb|right|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''.]]
'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Dáin has no speaking part; he only appears on parchment sections.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Dáin is a hero in the Dwarves faction. In the campaigns, he appears in the Battle of Dale in the Good Campaign, where he has to survive the onslaught of enemy forces to succeed the level.

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=dwarf
| house=[[House of Durin]]
| born={{TA|2767}}
| died={{TA|3019}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Grór]]
| list=[[Lord of the Iron Hills]]
| dates={{TA|2805}} – {{TA|2941|n}}
| nvac=Himself
| next=as King
}}
{{seq
| prow=2
| prev=[[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King]] of [[Durin's Folk]]
| dates={{TA|2941}} – {{TA|3019|n}}
| next=[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=5th [[King under the Mountain]]
| dates={{TA|2941}} – {{TA|3019|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[de:Dáin II.]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:dain_ii]]
[[fi:Dáin II]]

Talk:Ring-bearers

2014-09-01T12:10:40Z

Smog: signature

==Bearer==
I think we should define a 'ring-bearer' as someone who actually wore the ring. This would see Déagol removed from the list.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 10:42, 1 February 2013 (UTC)
:Actually having held the Ring is sufficient enough. Otherwise, Sam would be excluded from this list as well.--[[User:BalrogTrainer|BalrogTrainer]] 05:35, 1 September 2014 (UTC)

::Sam wore the Ring for a day - he got into Cirith Ungol by wearing the Ring. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:43, 1 September 2014 (UTC)

== Gimli ==

Gimli did not try to destroy the Ring in the book. Notwithstanding that, it would not make it worthy of this list. '''Do not''' add Gimli to this article again. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 17:43, 31 August 2014 (UTC)
:By this logic, shouldn't Boromir also be removed? He merely held the chain to which it was attached. Plus, I don't think he did it in the book anyway.--[[User:BalrogTrainer|BalrogTrainer]] 05:35, 1 September 2014 (UTC)
::Yes. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:42, 1 September 2014 (UTC)
::+1 [[User:Smog|Smog]] 12:10, 1 September 2014 (UTC)

Talk:Ring-bearers

2014-09-01T12:10:01Z

Smog: /* Gimli */ Boromir discussion

Ring-bearers

2014-09-01T12:08:53Z

Smog: Undo revision 254062 by TarElessar (talk) Stop making this change.

'''Ring-bearers''' was a title used for those three [[Hobbits]] ([[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]]) who had at one time borne [[the One Ring]], and aided in its destruction. Because of their status as Ring-bearers, they were granted the passage of the [[Straight Road]], and each eventually went to the [[Aman|Blessed Realm]] to live out their lives.

Though only these three Hobbits are strictly counted as Ring-bearers, in fact the Ring was borne by other hands besides; and over its history of about 4.8 millennia only a very few individuals had ever touched it.
==List of persons who touched the Ring==
Those who actually wore the Ring, as opposed to picking it up or holding it, are shown in bold.

* '''[[Sauron]]''' - He forged the One Ring for himself around {{SA|1600}} and bore it for approximately 1840 years until his defeat in the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}.
* '''[[Isildur]]''' - Against the advice of [[Elrond]] and [[Círdan]], he took the Ring for himself. He did not bear it long - two years later, Isildur was ambushed by [[Orcs]] and the One Ring was lost in the [[Anduin]] on [[4 October]], {{TA|2}}, where it lay hidden for most of the [[Third Age]].
* [[Déagol]] - He discovered the Ring while fishing the [[Gladden Fields]] in about {{TA|2463}}. He held it for only a short time before he was murdered by his friend [[Sméagol]], who stole the Ring for himself.
* '''[[Gollum]]''' - He took the Ring from [[Déagol]], and soon hid with it in the roots of the [[Misty Mountains]]. He bore it in the dark for almost five hundred years.
* '''[[Bilbo Baggins]]''' - He discovered the Ring 'by accident' while imprisoned beneath the Misty Mountains in July {{TA|2941}}, and claimed it from Gollum by defeating him in a [[Riddle-game]]. He carried it eastward to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], and then back westward to the Shire, where he kept it. He bore the Ring for almost exactly sixty years.
* '''[[Frodo Baggins]]''' - He was given the Ring by Bilbo on the advice of Gandalf. He was the Ring-bearer, who carried the One Ring from the Shire to Orodruin, to the very brink of the Cracks of Doom. Once there, the Ring's power overmastered him, and he named it to himself, but Gollum bit it from his finger and fell into the Fire. Frodo bore the Ring for seventeen years until its destruction.
* [[Gandalf]] - He held it for a matter of moments on the morning of [[13 April]], {{TA|3018}}, before throwing it into Frodo's fire. This was the moment that the Ring's fiery inscription appeared, confirming that it was the One Ring.
* [[Boromir]], Son of Denethor II - He held the Ring on the [[Redhorn Pass]] for a while after Frodo lost it. Under Aragorn's pressure he gave it back to Frodo.
* '''[[Tom Bombadil]]''' - He wore it on his finger for a moment on [[27 September]], {{TA|3018}}, but was unaffected by it. The reason that Tom was immune to the effects of the Ring remains an abiding mystery.
* '''[[Samwise Gamgee]]''' - He bore the Ring for about two days in March {{TA|3019}}, while Frodo his master was in the clutches of Orcs in the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]].

==A possible Ring-bearer?==
While Frodo was recovering in [[Rivendell]], one morning he found the Ring passed through a chain for him.<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref> It is not known what person or persons did this while he was sleeping. It could be [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], or any [[Calaquendi|High Elf]] of Rivendell, but his identity, the process, and whether he touched it, are unknown.<ref>[http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q1-FrodoChain FAQ of the Rings - In Rivendell, who put Frodo’s Ring on a chain?]</ref>

==Etymology==

The [[Quenya]] translation of "Ring-bearers" is given as '''''[[corma|Cormacolindor]]'''''.<ref>{{RK|VI4}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Ring-finder]]

{{References}}
[[Category:Ring-bearers|*]]
[[category:epithets]]
[[de:Ringträger]]
[[fi:Sormuksen viejä]]

Ring-bearers

2014-09-01T03:57:27Z

Smog: /* List of persons who touched the Ring */ Syntax corrections. Nothing concerning Gimli

Oropher

2014-08-31T00:48:35Z

Smog: fixed spacing issue

{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Kimberly - Oropher.jpg|250px]]
| name=Oropher
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=King of the Silvan Elves
| position=
| location=[[Woodland Realm]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| language=[[Sindarin]] and [[Silvan Elvish|Silvan]]
| birth=During {{FA}} or {{YT}}
| birthlocation=[[Middle-earth]]
| rule=unknown - {{SA|3434}}
| death={{SA|3434}}
| deathlocation=[[Battle of Dagorlad]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Thranduil]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}'''Oropher''' was a [[Sindar]]in [[Elves|Elf]] of [[Doriath]] who became the King of the [[Nandor|Silvan Elves]] of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] (which would later come to be called Mirkwood) during the [[Second Age]]. He was killed during the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] and succeeded by his son, the Elvenking [[Thranduil]]. He was thus the grandfather of the only [[Elven]] member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Legolas]].

==History==
Oropher was one of the [[Iathrim]] who spent his early life in Doriath. Following the destruction of [[Beleriand]] and the [[War of Wrath]], most of the [[Noldor]]in exiles and remnants of the Sindar retreated to [[Lindon]]. The [[Valar]] reinvited these Elves to [[Aman]], but Oropher, among many others, was unwilling and remained in Lindon.<ref name="Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

===Move to Greenwood the Great===
Some of the Sindar of Lindon, not wishing to stay with the dominant Noldor under [[Gil-galad]], chose to go east and live with the [[Nandor]] with whom they shared the same [[Teleri]]n ancestry.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> Oropher with his people crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] and mingled with the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Silvan Elves]] of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]. The Sindar adopted the language and wholly embraced the life of the Silvan Elves.<ref name="Princes" />

The Silvan Elves, who originally lived in the south of Greenwood, accepted Oropher as their King, who ruled from his capital on [[Amon Lanc]]. Over the course of the [[Second Age]] they gradually moved north to live around the [[Emyn Duir]].<ref name="Princes" />

===War of the Last Alliance===
Despite the Silvan Elves' hostility towards the [[Dwarves]] and the Noldor - and their desire to stay away from the affairs of the rest of the world - Oropher could see the danger that [[Sauron]] posed, and that his defeat would bring about peace in [[Middle-earth]]. He thus joined the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], summoning a large army which joined with [[Amdír]]'s smaller force of [[Galadhrim|Lórien Elves]] to create a singular, great host of Silvan Elves.<ref name="Princes" />

The Silvan Elves were strong and brave, but despite having poor armour and weapons in comparison with the [[Noldor]], Amdír and Oropher were unwilling to submit to the supreme command of [[Gil-galad]] and as such they suffered heavy losses in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. In the very first assault upon [[Mordor]] Oropher and other brave and hasty Elves rushed forward before Gil-galad gave the signal to charge. Oropher himself was killed soon afterwards, whilst two-thirds of his army perished throughout the course of the war. Upon Sauron's defeat the remnants of the army returned to Greenwood under the command of his son, Thranduil.<ref name="Princes" />

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| ORO |ORO='''OROPHER'''<br/><small>''d. {{SA|3434}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| THR |THR=[[Thranduil]]<br/><small>''Unknown''</small>}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| LEG |LEG=[[Legolas]]<br/><small>''Sailed West {{FoA|120}}''</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Etymology==
Oropher came from [[Doriath]] - indicating that the name could be [[Sindarin]] or [[Doriathrin]] dialect - but:

{{blockquote|Oropher had come among them with only a handful of Sindar, and they were soon merged with the Silvan Elves, adopting their language and taking names of Silvan form and style. This they did deliberately;|{{UT|Galadriel}}}}

The name probably means 'tall beech-tree'<ref name="EOA">[http://www.glyphweb.com/arda The Encyclopedia of Arda], "[http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/o/oropher.html Oropher]", dated 21 April 2003 (accessed [[13 January|January 13]], [[2011]])</ref> from '''oro''' meaning 'high' and '''fêr''' meaning 'beech'.<ref name="Thains">[http://www.tuckborough.net/ The Thain's Book], "[http://www.tuckborough.net/elves.html#Oropher Elves of Middle-earth#Oropher]" (accessed [[13 January|January 13]], [[2011]])</ref>

==See Also==
* [[Amdír]] (and his son [[Amroth]])
* [[Elves of Mirkwood]]
* [[Woodland Realm]]

{{references}}
All that is known about Oropher is mentioned only in the narrative of ''[[Galadriel and Celeborn]]''.
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=sindar}}
{{seq
| prev=Unknown
| list=King of the Silvan Elves
| dates=unknown - {{SA|3434}}
| next=[[Thranduil]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Sindar]]
[[de:Oropher]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/oropher]]
[[fi:Oropher]]

User talk:Amroth

2014-08-30T14:59:51Z

Smog: Offer of assistance

{{talkarchive|2010|2011|2012}}
<table style="border: 1px solid #c0c090; background-color: #f8eaba; width:80%; margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto;"><tr><td rowspan="2">[[Image:Nuvola apps edu languages.png|none|50px|link=]]</td><td><div id="talk" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; clear: both;><big>'''''Welcome to [[User:Amroth|Amroth]]'s talk page.'''''</big></div></td></tr><tr><td><ul><li>Please [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new}} post your new topic at the ''bottom''] of this page, including a '''<nowiki>==Descriptive heading==</nowiki>'''.</li><li>You should sign and date your posts by inserting "'''<span style="letter-spacing:.2em;"><nowiki>~~</nowiki>~~</span>'''" at the end of them.</li><li>Please indent your posts with "''':'''" if replying to an existing topic (or "'''::'''" if replying to a reply, etc.).</li><li>I will generally respond ''here'' to comments that are posted here, rather than replying via your talk page (or the article talk page, if you are writing to me about an article), so you may want to [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=watch}} watch this page].</li><li>If I have left a message on ''your'' talk page, please continue the discussion there; '''DO NOT''' reply here. This is ensure that discussions do not become fragmented over several talk pages.</li></ul>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new}} '''⇒ Start a new talk topic.''']</td></tr></table>


== LOTRO Books ==

Hi Amroth, I'm a bit concerned about the number of LOTRO book articles that aren't expanded. [[:Category:The Lord of the Rings Online books|There are loads of them]] and although you've just created some more stub articles I don't see any progress on the previous ones. I know LOTRO is a big thing of yours but - as far as I know - you're the only editor interested in it, so I was wondering when you were planning on filling these articles out as some of them have had no content added to them since they were created five years ago? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:53, 30 August 2014 (UTC)

:I didn't know this was an ongoing project; I've never noticed them. Amroth, if you want help with this in the future, I can probably devote some time to it. It may be a few months until I can start working on them, though. Let me know if you'd like a hand. -[[User:Smog|Smog]] 14:59, 30 August 2014 (UTC)

Oropher

2014-08-30T14:32:25Z

Smog: General grammar/syntax cleanup with some rewording and removal of redundancy.

King of the Dead

2014-08-29T14:02:25Z

Smog: Undo revision 253784 by 72.66.46.7 (talk) Incorrect grammar. King of the Dead is a singular noun and must be paired with 'was' not 'were'

{{men infobox
| image=[[File:Grant Gould - King of the Dead 2.jpg|175px]]
| name=King of the Dead
| pronun=
| othernames=King of the Mountains
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[White Mountains]]
| affiliation=[[Sauron]], [[Gondor]]
| language=
| birth=[[Second Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Spear
| steed=
}}
The '''King of the Mountains''', or later, the '''King of the Dead''', was the ruler of the [[Oathbreakers]].

== History ==
He was the King of the [[Men of the Mountains]], and when the [[Realms in Exile]] were founded, he met [[Isildur]] at [[Erech]] and swore his affiliation to [[Gondor]] on behalf of his people.

Then the time came when their former lord, [[Sauron]] arose again, and Isildur summoned them, but the Men of the Mountains were unwilling to turn against Sauron as they worshipped him during the [[Dark Years]]. Isildur cursed them for not fulfilling their oath, that there will be no other King after him, and they will never find rest, until someone else calls for them.

His people dwindled and in the following centuries, the [[Wraiths|wraith]] of the '''King of the Dead''' was a terrifying rumor for the [[Men of Gondor]] south of the Mountains.

During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Aragorn]] came to the [[Paths of the Dead]] as the [[Heir of Isildur]] and offered him to redeem themselves. On their way to Erech, people were scared of the news that the King of the Dead was out again, and defenders and foes alike fled away.<ref>{{RK|Company}}</ref>

The Oathbreakers followed the [[Grey Company]] to [[Pelargir]] where they drove off the enemy. Having fulfilled their oath, the King of the Dead broke and threw down his spear, bowed to [[Aragorn]] and turned away, as the Shadow Host vanished.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Pre-Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Eriador

2014-08-28T08:23:59Z

Smog: omission typo

{{location
| image=[[Image:Middle-earth map (1 of 4).png|250px]]
| name=Eriador
| type=Region
| location=North-west [[Middle-earth]]
| inhabitants=[[Dwarves]]<br/>[[Elves]]<br/>[[Hobbits]]<br/>[[Men]]
| realms=[[Angmar]]<br/>[[Arnor]]<br/>[[Arthedain]]<br/>[[Cardolan]]<br/>[[Eregion]]<br/>[[Rhudaur]]<br/>[[The Shire]]<br/>[[Thorin's Halls]]
| description=Large, inhabited region scattered with hills and forests
| climate=Temperate: warm summers and (mostly) mild winters
| othernames=Possibly the [[Lone-lands]], almost synonymous with [[Arnor]]
| etymology=''[[Eriador#Etymology|See below]]''
| events=[[Arnor#History|Foundation of Arnor]]<br/>[[Rings of Power#The Creation of the Rings of Power|Forging of the Rings]]<br/>[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]<br/>[[Hobbits#History|Arrival of Hobbits]]<br/>[[Great Plague|The Great Plague]]<br/>[[Fell Winter (Third Age)|The Fell Winter]]<br/>[[Battle of Bywater]]
}}{{Pronounce|Eriador2.mp3|Ardamir}}'''Eriador''' was the large region in the north-west of [[Middle-earth]], defined between [[Lindon]] and the [[Blue Mountains]] to the west and [[Rhovanion]] and the [[Misty Mountains]] to the east.

It was inhabited by all the [[Free peoples]] of Middle-earth, being the location of many of the most important events of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages. By the end of the Third Age, its main inhabitants were [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] and [[Men]] of the surrounding lands.

==Boundaries==
===First Age===
[[Image:Steven White Jr. - North-west of Middle-earth (First Age).png|thumb|left|200px|[[User:Smeagol|Steven White Jr.]] - ''Middle-earth in the First Age'']]
It is known that the Blue Mountains existed during the First Age more formidable and longer than in the latter Ages;<ref name="Silm-map">{{S|Map}}</ref> whereas [[Morgoth|Melkor]] reared the [[Misty Mountains]] before the arrival of the [[Elves]] in order to hinder [[Oromë]]<ref name="Silm-Captive">{{S|Captivity}}</ref>. These ranges surrounded the eastern and western borders of Eriador.

The [[Iron Mountains]] (''Ered Engrin'') stretched across the north of the world in a curve from east to west, standing on the border of the [[Dor Daedeloth|region of everlasting cold]]<ref name="Silm-Bel">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> and can be considered that they were northern border of Eriador.<ref>It is also seen in [[:File:Steven White Jr. - Arda001.gif|this map drawn by Tolkien]]</ref>

It is unclear what the borders of Eriador were to the south; it is unknown whether the [[Greyflood]] or [[Lhûn|Lune]] rivers even existed in the First Age. Presumably the Greyflood followed the same route through Eriador to the lower end of the extended Blue Mountains - before reaching the sea somewhere to the west of the [[White Mountains]].<ref name="Atlas">[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', revised edition, p. 4</ref>

===Second, Third and Fourth Ages===
{{blockquote|Eriador was of old the name of all the lands between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Blue Mountains|Blue]]; in the South it was bounded by the [[Greyflood]] and the [[Glanduin]] that flows into it above [[Tharbad]].|{{App|Eriador}}}}

In the [[Second Age|Second]], [[Third Age|Third]] and [[Fourth Age|Fourth]] ages, the boundaries of the region - listed clock-wise from due north - were as follows:
*to the north, the [[Icebay of Forochel]];
*to the north-east and east, the [[Misty Mountains]] (''Hithaeglir'');
*to the south-east, the river [[Glanduin]];
*to the south, the river [[Greyflood]] (''Gwathló'' or ''Gwathir'');
*to the south-west, the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] (''Belegaer'');
*and to the west and north-west, the [[Blue Mountains]] (''Ered Luin'' or ''Ered Lindon'').

{{navigation
| title=Region of Eriador
| north-west=[[Blue Mountains]]
| north=[[Icebay of Forochel]], '''[[Forodwaith (lands)|Forodwaith]]'''
| north-east=[[Misty Mountains]], '''[[Forodwaith (lands)|Forodwaith]]'''
| west=[[Blue Mountains]], [[Gulf of Lune|Gulf of Lhûn]], '''[[Lindon]]'''
| east=[[Misty Mountains]], ''' [[Rhovanion]]'''
| south-west=[[Belegaer]]
| south=[[Gwathló]], '''[[Enedwaith]]'''
| south-east=[[Glanduin]], [[Dunland]]
}}

==Geography==
:''See also: [[:Category:Eriador]] and [[:Category:Cities, towns and villages of the Shire]]''
Eriador was a large, inhabited temperate region in the north-west of [[Middle-earth]] which enjoyed warm summers and increasingly cool winters.<ref name="Prologue"/> At its widest extent, it stretched for around 675 miles from east-to-west, around 690 miles from north-to-south, 740 miles from northeast-to-southwest and 750 miles from northwest-to-southeast.<ref name="Distance">Estimates by [[User:Mith]] based on [[:File:Middle-earth map (1 of 4).png|the map from ''The Lord of the Rings'']]</ref>
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Old Man Willow.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Drawing by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] showing the [[Withywindle]]]]
The most important rivers were: the [[Lhûn|Lune]] ([[Sindarin]] ''Lhûn'') which flowed through the Blue Mountains to form the [[Gulf of Lune]]; the [[Baranduin|Brandywine]] (Sindarin ''Baranduin'') which flowed out of [[Lake Evendim|Lake Evendim]] (''Nenuial'') to form the eastern-boundary of [[the Shire]]; and the [[Gwathló|Greyflood]] (''Gwathló'') which formed the southern-border of Eriador. Other rivers include: the [[Glanduin]], which flowed out of [[Eregion|Hollin]] (''Eregion'') and into the Greyflood above [[Tharbad]], forming the [[Swanfleet]] (''Nîn-in-Eilph'') marsh; the [[Bruinen|Loudwater]] (''Bruinen''), passing [[Rivendell]] (''Imladris'') in the [[Ford of Bruinen]]; the [[Hoarwell]] (''Mitheithel'') which flowed out of the [[Ettenmoors]] and over which the [[Last Bridge]] passed; the [[Withywindle]] of the [[Old Forest]]; and [[The Water]], [[Stock-brook]], [[Shirebourn]] and [[Thistle Brook]] which all flowed into the Brandywine from in the Shire.<ref name="Shire-map">{{FR|Part}}</ref><ref name="ME-map">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[:File:Middle-earth map (1 of 4).png|Map 1]]</ref>

Central Eriador was scattered with many groups of hills including the [[Tower Hills]] (''Emyn Beraid''), [[Hills of Evendim]] (''Emyn Uial''), [[Weather Hills]] as well as the [[Far Downs]], [[White Downs]], [[South Downs]], [[North Downs]] and [[Barrow-downs]] (''Tyrn Gorthad''); [[Karen Wynn Fonstad|Fonstad]] noted that the "''longitudinal axes [of the hills] formed concentric rings''".<ref name="Atlas-Eriador">[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', revised edition, p. 72</ref> Despite large deforestation by the [[Númenóreans]] during the [[Second Age]]<ref name="UT-Galadriel" /> some wooded areas remained, such as the [[Old Forest]], [[Woody End]], [[Bindbole Wood]] (sometimes seen as "Bindbale"), [[Chetwood]] around [[Bree-hill]], the [[Trollshaws]], and, largest of all, [[Eryn Vorn]];<ref name="ME-map"/> [[Eregion|Hollin]] was so named due to the large numbers of holly trees which grew there.<ref name="FR-Journey">{{FR|Journey}}</ref> Other geographic features include [[Midgewater Marshes]], [[Rushock Bog]], and [[Overbourn Marshes]].<ref name="Shire-map"/>

The [[East Road|East-West Road]] crossed Eriador from Rivendell in the east to the Grey Havens in the west whilst the [[Greenway]] ran south from [[Fornost Erain|Fornost]], linking [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]];<ref name="FR-Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> the Greenway and the East-West Road met at [[Bree]]. Key [[Elves|Elvish]] settlements included the [[Grey Havens]], [[Ost-in-Edhil]]<ref name="S-Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> and [[Rivendell]]; for the [[Dúnedain]] there were [[Weathertop]], [[Annúminas]], and [[Fornost Erain]] as well as the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ports of [[Tharbad]] and [[Lond Daer]] (earlier known as [[Vinyalondë]]).

==Inhabitants==
===Free Peoples===
The five [[free peoples]] as reckoned by [[Treebeard]], after the inclusion of [[Hobbits]]:-

* [[Dwarves]]:
** Since before the [[First Age]] in both [[Moria]] and in mines and halls within the eastern side of the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref name="Silm-Sindar"/>
* [[Elves]]:
** [[Nandor]] as a wood-land people ([[First Age]]);<ref name="Silm-Sindar"/>
** [[Noldor]] during the [[Second Age]] in [[Eregion]] ({{SA|750}} - {{SA|1697|n}}) and [[Rivendell]] ({{SA|1697}} onwards).<ref name="App-B1"/>
* [[Ents]]:
** The great wood that once spanned the whole of Eriador (largely deforested by [[Númenóreans]] for ship-building) used to be traversed by Ents (until sometime during [[Second Age]]).<ref name="TT-Treebeard">{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref>
* [[Hobbits]]:
** First entered Eriador in around {{TA|1150}};<ref name="App-B2" />
** At [[Bree]] (from c. {{TA|1300}});<ref name="App-B2" />
** In [[the Shire]] and [[Buckland]] ({{TA|1601}} and {{TA|2340}} onwards, respectively);<ref name="App-B2" />
** In the [[Westmarch]] ({{FoA|31}} onwards).<ref name="App-B5" />
* [[Men]]:
** [[Edain]] and [[Easterlings]] during the [[First Age]] - their descendants stay into the [[Fourth Age]], some living at [[Bree]] and [[Eryn Vorn]];<ref name="UT-Wife" />
** [[Númenóreans]] in [[Vinyalondë]] and [[Tharbad]] (from around {{SA|800}});<ref name="UT-Wife" />
** [[Dúnedain]] founding the realm of [[Arnor]] ({{SA|3320}}).<ref name="App-B2" />

===Others===
[[File:John Howe - Wolves.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Wolves'']]
* [[Barrow-wights]]:
** Evil spirits sent by the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] to inhabit the corpses of the [[Dúnedain]]'s ancestors in the [[Barrow-downs]] (circa {{TA|1636}} onwards).<ref name="App-Eriador"/>
* [[Orcs]]:
** Unknown, but inhabited [[Angmar]] (c. {{TA|1300}} - {{TA|1975|n}});<ref name="App-B2" />
** Blocked passes into Eriador across the [[Misty Mountains]] (from {{TA|2480}});<ref name="App-B2" />
** Began invading Eriador (from {{TA|2740}}) including invading the [[Northfarthing]] ({{TA|2747}}).<ref name="App-B2" />
* [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Goldberry]]:
** Lived in the [[Old Forest]] - of unknown race. Tom had lived there since anyone could remember.<ref name="FR-Council"/>
* [[Trolls]]:
** Lived in the [[Ettenmoors]], to the north-east of Eriador;<ref name="HM-Trolls">{{HM|RC}}, p. 183</ref>
** [[Thorin and Company]] encountered three trolls in the area known as [[Trollshaws]] ({{TA|2941}}).<ref name="Hob-Mutton"/>
* [[Wolves]]:
** [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]] [[Aragorn I]] was slain by wolves in Eriador, "''which ever after remained a peril''" ({{TA|2327}}).<ref name="App-Eriador"/><ref name="App-North">{{App|North}}</ref>
** [[White Wolves]] invaded Eriador from the north during the [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]] ({{TA|2911}}).<ref name="App-B2" />

==History==
===Earlier History===
:''See also: [[Great Journey|Great March]]''

Before the [[First Age]], the [[Three Kindreds]] of the [[Elves]] passed through Eriador on their way to [[Beleriand]], to make the trip to [[Valinor]]. First came the [[Vanyar]], following closely by the [[Noldor]], but the third kindred, the [[Teleri]], tarried and were only urged forward at the behest of their lord, [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]], who was keen to return to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Silm-Captive" />

Not all of the Teleri continued on the march as when the host reached the great river [[Anduin]] [[Lenwë]] led some of his people southwards away from the rest of his kin: these people became the [[Nandor]].<ref name="Silm-Captive" /> Some of these people eventually passed into Eriador, and dwelt there for a time, before [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]], son of Lenwë, gathered as many of the Nandor as possible and removed to [[Ossiriand]] to become the [[Nandor#Lenwë and Denethor|Laiquendi]].<ref name="Silm-Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

Another group that awoke and appeared during this time were the [[Firebeard]] and [[Broadbeam]] Dwarves. After they had awakened beneath Mount Dolmed, they eventually crossed over into Beleriand in [[Years of the Trees 1250|1250]] and encountered the Sindar for the first time.
They also built the two great Dwarf cities of Nogrod and Belegost in the Ered Luin, which were the chief suppliers of weaponry to the Elves of Beleriand, and as well as home to the world's greatest crafters.

===First Age===
In {{FA|310}} the first [[Men]] of the [[House of Bëor]] entered [[Beleriand]] from Eriador,<ref name="WOTJ">{{WJ|West}}, pp. 215 and 226</ref> and were discovered by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]]. These Men quickly made friendship with the [[Eldar]] and entered into their service, but [[Bereg]], great-grandson of [[Bëor]], was discontent and led those of like mind with himself back over the [[Blue Mountains|mountains]] into Eriador.<ref name="Silm-Men">{{S|West}}</ref>

Living in Eriador during the [[First Age]] were also men known as [[Easterlings#Easterlings of the First Age|Easterlings]], or ''Swarthy Men'', who they were led by [[Bór]] and [[Ulfang the Black|Ulfang]]. In {{FA|463}} Bór and Ulfang led many Men into Beleriand, as Men were often drawn westwards, and they met with the Eldar.<ref name="Silm-Fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> Bór was faithful to the Eldar and his people followed [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]], but [[Ulfang the Black|Ulfang]] [[Treachery of Men|betrayed]] the Eldar and [[Edain]] in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] - even though he swore an oath of allegiance with [[Caranthir]] - successfully fulfilling the designs of [[Morgoth]] in the process.<ref name="Silm-Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

===Second Age===
=====Elves and Númenóreans=====
:''See also: [[Númenóreans#Dominion over the Men of Middle-earth]]''
Following the [[War of Wrath]] - and the destruction of [[Beleriand]] - many [[Elves]] left for [[Aman]] whilst the remnants of the [[Edain]] removed to live on the newly-formed isle of [[Númenor]]. The remaining Elves moved to [[Middle-earth]], and in the year {{SA|750|n}} of the [[Second Age]] the remnants of the [[Noldor]] established the realm of [[Eregion]] in the south-east of Eriador.<ref name="App-B1">{{App|B1}}</ref>

In {{SA|600}} the first [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ships began to visit [[Middle-earth]] and when news of this reached the [[Men]] of Eriador they were amazed and scared. On the [[Tower Hills]] the Númenóreans met with just twelve [[Men]] from Eriador and both sides recognised their ancient kinship: the Númenóreans discovered that these people lived in the hills east of the [[Baranduin]] and were likely the descendants of the people of [[Bëor]] and [[Hador]] who never crossed the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref name="UT-Wife" />
[[File:Felix Sotomayor - Ost-in-Edhil cropped.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Felix Sotomayor]] - ''[[Ost-in-Edhil]]'']]
In {{SA|725}} [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] first visits [[Lindon]] and Eriador and begins a long-lasting friendship with [[Gil-galad]]. He made many voyages to Middle-earth and established the haven of [[Vinyalondë]] (later known as [[Lond Daer]]) on the banks of the river [[Gwathir]] - a move which proved crucial in defeating Sauron later in the Second Age.<ref name="UT-Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> As a mariner, Aldarion had a great desire to build ships and in order to this he began deforesting much of the [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]]; this angered the native forest-dwelling Men who subsequently fled to the forest of [[Eryn Vorn]].<ref name="UT-Galadriel" />

=====War with Sauron=====
:''See also: [[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''

The Noldor of Eregion grew in unparalleled friendship with the [[Dwarves]] of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], to the benefit of both peoples, and there was much traffic between the Elven city of [[Ost-in-Edhil]] and the [[Doors of Durin|West-gate]] of Moria. In Eregion the Elven craftsmen became great in knowledge as they were led by [[Celebrimbor]], grandson of [[Fëanor]], the most skilled of the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] ("the People of the Jewel-smiths").<ref name="Silm-Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

[[Sauron]] saw that the [[Elves]] of [[Eregion]] were vulnerable and he came to them in the guise of [[Annatar]], "Lord of Gifts", and they welcomed him and he taught them many things of lore and smith-craft. In {{SA|1500}}, when the knowledge and skill of the Elves reached its height, they began the [[Rings of Power#The Creation of the Rings of Power|forging]] of the [[Rings of Power]], but, in {{SA|1600}}, Sauron secretly created [[the One Ring]] to rule over all the other Rings.<ref name="Silm-Rings" />

When Sauron put on the Ring the Elves realised they had been fooled so they hid all the other Rings from him; Sauron, however, demanded that all the Rings be given to him as they were created with his help. When the Elves refused Sauron was vengeful and in {{SA|1693}} began the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] with an invasion of Eriador in {{SA|1695|n}}.<ref name="Silm-Rings" /> [[Elrond]] was sent by [[Gil-galad]] with a force to aid Celebrimbor, but not only they were unable to stop Sauron, but they would also be destroyed if it weren't for an attack upon Sauron's force from the rear by [[Dwarves]] from [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. With some survivors from Eregion, Elrond retreated northwards.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Death of Celebrimbor.jpg|thumb|''Death of Celebrimbor'' by Abe Papakhian]]
In {{SA|1697|n}}, with Celebrimbor's death and Eregion lain waste, [[Elrond]] founded the refuge of [[Rivendell|Imladris]] as a defence against Sauron, and was joined by Men and Elves, swelling his forces; Sauron had taken over all of Eriador by {{SA|1699}}, once he drove the Dwarves back into Khazad-dûm and the gates were shut. While Sauron sent most of his army west to attack [[Lindon]] he had to leave a strong detachment behind to contain Elrond<ref name="Galadriel"/>and [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged Imladris]].<ref name="App-B1" />

[[Gil-galad]] sent word to [[King of Númenor|King]] [[Tar-Minastir]] of [[Númenor]] calling for aid, but when the ships finally arrived in {{SA|1700}} (landing in Lindon and [[Vinyalondë]]) Sauron was already preparing his invasion of [[Lindon]]. The forces of [[Gil-galad]], [[Elrond]] and [[Ciryatur]] caused heavy losses at [[Sarn Ford]] before Sauron's forces were utterly destroyed at the [[Battle of the Gwathló]], with Sauron barely escaping with his life. However, Eriador lay in ruins as many of the native [[Men]], Elves and Númenóreans had been killed by Sauron and his forces had ravaged the lands and destroyed many of the remaining forests.<ref name="UT-Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

The Elven lords decided in a Council that Imladris should become the new Elvish stronghold in eastern Eriador after the destruction of Eregion; Gil-galad also bestowed the ring [[Vilya]] upon Elrond and made him his vice-regent.<ref name="Galadriel"/>

=====Last Alliance=====
:''See also: [[War of the Last Alliance]]''
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Last Alliance.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The [[War of the Last Alliance]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]
Throughout the [[Second Age]] the [[Númenóreans]] gradually increased their power in [[Middle-earth]] by creating coastal dominions; they eventually have the strength to confront [[Sauron]] and take him prisoner to [[Númenor]]. Whilst there, Sauron seduced the [[King of Númenor|King]] - and most of the people - and persuades [[Ar-Pharazôn]] to break the [[Ban of the Valar]] causing [[Ilúvatar]] to change the shape of the [[Arda|World]], destroying Númenor in the process.<ref name="Silm-Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> [[Faithful|The Faithful]] - those Númenóreans who remained true to the [[Valar]] and friendly with the [[Elves]] - were spared and in {{SA|3320}} [[Elendil]] establishes the two [[Realms in Exile]]: [[Gondor]] in the south and [[Arnor]] in Eriador.<ref name="App-B1" />

Sauron - who is now unable to take fair form<ref name="App-Numenor">{{App|Numenor}}</ref> - returned to [[Mordor]] and in {{SA|3429}} attacked [[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]] and burning [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]].<ref name="App-B1" /> [[Isildur]] - son of Elendil - fled north to join his father in Arnor who took counsel with [[Gil-galad]], for both foresaw the need to triumph over Sauron before his power grew unstoppable: in {{SA|3430}} they formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In {{SA|3431}} Elendil and Gil-galad marched east to [[Rivendell|Imladris]]; the host was the fairest and most splendid in arms ever seen in Middle-earth and the greatest ever assembled since the [[Host of the Valar]].<ref name="Silm-Rings" />

===Third Age===
=====Arnor and Division=====
[[File:John Howe - The One Ring 04.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''[[The One Ring]]'']]
:''See also: [[Arnor]]''

Following [[Sauron]]'s defeat during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], [[Isildur]] took [[the One Ring]] for himself as a [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/weregild weregild] for his father, but, during the [[Battle of the Gladden Fields]] the Ring betrayed him to his death; the Ring was lost and not found again for 2,500 years.<ref name="FR-Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> The [[Kings of Arnor|kingship]] of Arnor passed to Isildur's only surviving son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] whose reign begins an uneventful 800 years in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]].<ref name="App-B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

The unity of Arnor was broken, however, when, in [[Third Age]] [[Third Age 861|861]], following the death of the tenth [[Kings of Arnor|king]], [[Eärendur (King of Arnor)|Eärendur]], the dissension amongst his three sons led to the division of Arnor into three kingdoms: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]. There was often strife between the kingdoms, especially over ownership of the Weather Hills and the chief ''[[Palantíri|Palantír]]'' of the North at [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], and this quickened the waning of the [[Dúnedain]].<ref name="App-Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Arthedain was in the North-west and included the land between [[Baranduin|Brandywine]] and [[Lhûn|Lune]], and also the land north of the [[East Road|Great Road]] as far as the [[Weather Hills]]. Rhudaur was in the North-east and lay between the [[Ettenmoors]], the Weather Hills, and the [[Misty Mountains]], but included also the [[Angle of Eriador|Angle]] between the [[Hoarwell]] and the [[Loudwater]]. Cardolan was in the South, its bounds being the Brandywine, the [[Greyflood]], and the Great Road.|{{App|Eriador}}}}

The line of Isildur was maintained with the [[Kings of Arthedain]] all the way through to [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], but the line of kings in Cardolan and Rhudaur quickly dwindled. By {{TA|1349|n}}, with the rule of [[Argeleb I]], the Kings of Arthedain were once again claiming lordship over all of Arnor and prefixed their names with ''[[Ar|ar-]]'' in recognition of this.<ref name="App-North">{{App|North}}, note 4</ref>

=====Rise of Angmar=====
[[File:Rob Alexander - The Witch King of Angmar.jpg|left|thumb|200px|The [[Witch-king|Witch King]] of [[Angmar]] by [[Rob Alexander]]]]
In the year {{TA|1300}}<ref name="App-B2" /> evil things begin to return to the world with the [[Witch-king]] founding the evil realm of [[Angmar]] beyond the [[Ettenmoors]] in the far north-east of Eriador, hoping to utterly destroy the [[Dúnedain]] of the North, seeing hope in the fragmentation of [[Arnor]].<ref name="App-Eriador" />

In league with [[Lindon]] and [[Cardolan]], [[Kings of Arthedain|King]] [[Arveleg I]] of [[Arthedain]] successfully fortified the [[Weather Hills]] against [[Angmar]] whilst [[Rivendell]] was being besieged. However, in {{TA|1409}} a great force came out of Angmar, surrounding [[Weathertop]], defeating the [[Dúnedain]], slaying Arveleg and the last prince of Cardolan whilst destroying the tower of Amon Sûl. The ''[[Amon Sûl-stone|palantír]]'' was saved in retreat to [[Fornost Erain|Fornost]] but Cardolan was ravaged and [[Rhudaur]] became a vassal-state of Angmar; in response, [[Elrond]] brought [[Elves]] from [[Lothlórien]] and [[Círdan]] sent aid from [[Lindon]] to repel Angmar from the [[North Downs]] and Fornost - for a time, Angmar was subdued.<ref name="App-Eriador" />

In {{TA|1636}} the [[Great Plague]] came up from the south with many in Cardolan (especially in [[Minhiriath]]) and [[the Shire]] perishing; as Cardolan was deserted, the [[Witch-king]] sent evil spirits to dwell in the revered [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name="App-Eriador" />

=====Destruction of Arnor=====
:''See also: [[Arnor#The_Fall of Arthedain]] and [[Arvedui#Life as King]]''

After many years of silence, King [[Araphant]] of [[Arthedain]] and King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]] renewed communications between the two realms as they perceived that there was a single power directing the enemies or both [[Arnor]] and Gondor,<ref name="App-Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref> as such in {{TA|1940}} Araphant's son [[Arvedui]] married Ondoher's daughter [[Fíriel]].<ref name="App-B2" /> Despite the marriage, neither kingdom was able to send aid to the other as Angmar continued to attack Athedain while the [[Wainriders]] attacked Gondor; in the [[Battle of the Camp]] of {{TA|1944}} Ondoher was killed.

{{blockquote|On the death of Ondoher and his sons, Arvedui of the North-kingdom claimed the crown of Gondor, as the direct descendent of [[Isildur]], and as the husband of Fíriel, only surviving child of Ondoher. The claim was rejected. In this [[Pelendur]], the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward]] of King Ondoher, played the chief part.<br/><br/>The [[Council of Gondor]] answer: "''The crown and royalty of Gondor belongs solely with the heirs of [[Meneldil]], son of [[Anárion]], to whom Isildur relinquished this realm. In Gondor this heritage is reckoned through the sons only; and we have not heard that the law is otherwise in Arnor.''"|{{App|Gondor}}}}

Instead, a distant relative, [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], was chosen as [[Kings of Gondor|King]]. Arvedui did not press his claim, but nor did the [[Dúnedain of Arnor|Dúnedain of the North]] forget it, for their kingdom diminished as foretold by [[Malbeth]] the [[Seers|Seer]]: in {{TA|1974}} Angmar returned with renewed vigour, attacking the Dúnedain, capturing [[Fornost Erain|Fornost]] and destroying Arnor. After holding out for a while on the [[North Downs]], Arvedui was forced to flee to the [[Blue Mountains|mountains]] where he stayed in some old [[Dwarves|dwarf]] mines; out of hunger, he and his men travelled north and spent the winter with the [[Lossoth]] on the [[Icebay of Forochel]]. Arvedui perished and two ''[[palantíri]]'' were lost.<ref name="App-Eriador" />

[[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] had told Arvedui, "''I do not forget the royalty of Arnor, nor deny our kinship, nor wish that the realms of [[Elendil]] be estranged. I will send to your aid when you have need, so long as I am able.''"<ref name="App-Gondor" /> In {{TA|1973}} he received a request for aid and sent his son, [[Eärnur]], north with a great host: they arrived at the [[Grey Havens]] too late. However, in {{TA|1975}} [[Círdan]] and Eärnur amassed a great army and met the forces of Angmar on the plain by [[Lake Evendim|Lake Nenuial]] in the [[Battle of Fornost]]: the force was too strong for the [[Witch-king]] and his army fled but his retreat was cut off by Gondor's cavalry and a host of [[Elves]] led by [[Glorfindel]] who had come north from [[Rivendell]].<ref name="App-B2" />

Despite the utter destruction of Angmar, [[Arthedain]] was also over. Arvedui's son, [[Aranarth]], took the title "[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]" and the heirlooms of [[Arnor]] were given into the keeping of [[Elrond]].<ref name="App-B2" /> The Dúnedain continued as a secretive and wandering people, fighting with the sons of Elrond to protect their former lands: they mostly lived out their full lives (save for [[Aragorn I]] who was slain by [[wolves]]) until the days of [[Arassuil]] when evil things began to multiply again.<ref name="App-Eriador" />

=====Foundation of the Shire=====
[[File:Fotr0059.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[The Shire]] as seen in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]
:''See also: [[The Shire#History]]''

[[Hobbits]] (or ''[[Perian|Periannath]]'' in [[Sindarin]]) first entered Eriador in {{TA|1050}} when [[Harfoots]] came over the [[Misty Mountains]] from the [[Vales of Anduin]] in order to move away from [[Necromancer|the shadow]] which had fallen over [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]. In around {{TA|1150}} they were joined by the [[Fallohides]] whilst the [[Stoors]] came over the [[Caradhras#The Redhorn Gate|Redhorn Pass]] and moved to [[Dunland]] and the [[Angle of Eriador|Angle]]. With the rise of [[Angmar]] some Hobbits migrate westward and settle in [[Bree]]; in {{TA|1356}} the Stoors leave the Angle, some of whom returned to [[Rhovanion]]<ref name="App-B2" /> to become a people of fisher-folk.<ref name="App-Eriador" />

In {{TA|1601}}, led by [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], Hobbits obtained permission from [[Kings of Arthedain|King]] [[Argeleb II]] to settle in the region beyond the [[Baranduin|Brandywine River]] on the proviso that they maintain the [[Brandywine Bridge|Bridge of Stonebows]] and other bridges and roads, whilst acknowledging Argeleb's lordship. With the foundation of [[the Shire]], the year [[Third Age]] 1601 became the year 1 in [[Shire Calendar|Shire-reckoning]].<ref name="Prologue">{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> On the war with with Angmar the following is recorded:

{{blockquote|The [[Shire-hobbits|Shire-folk]] survived, though [[Angmar War|war]] swept over them and most fled into hiding. To the help of [[Arvedui|the king]] they sent some archers who never returned; and others went also to the [[Battle of Fornost|battle in which Angmar was overthrown]] [...] Afterwards in the peace that followed the [[Shire-hobbits|Shire-folk]] ruled themselves and prospered. They chose a [[Thain]] to take the place of the King [...] The first Shire-thain was one [[Bucca of the Marish|Bucca]] of the [[Marish]], from whom the [[Oldbuck Family|Oldbucks]] claimed descent. He became Thain in {{SR|379|n}}|{{App|Eriador}}}}

For the next thousand years Hobbits were little-affected by the dangers of the world around them as they grew large in both number and wealth.<ref name="Prologue"/> Despite the end of the [[Watchful Peace]] in {{TA|2460}} - with the passes across the [[Misty Mountains]] being barred by [[Sauron]]'s creatures - Eriador not was attacked by [[orcs]] until {{TA|2740|n}}.<ref name="App-B2" /> Seven years later [[Bandobras Took]] led a group of hobbits in successfully defending the Shire against marauding orcs from [[Mount Gram]] led by [[Golfimbul]] in the [[Battle of Greenfields]].<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> Hobbits faced further hardship in {{TA|2758}} in the shape of the [[Long Winter]] which killed thousands of hobbits and resulted in a [[Days of Dearth|dreadful famine]]; in {{TA|2911}} the [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]] began, freezing the rivers and bringing [[White Wolves|white wolves]] from the north (in the floods which followed the city of [[Tharbad]] was destroyed).<ref name="App-B2" />

=====War of the Ring=====
:''See also:'' ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[War of the Ring]]''

On [[14 March|March 14]], {{TA|2941}},<ref name="App-Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> a chance encounter between the [[wizards|wizard]] [[Gandalf]] and [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King]] [[Thorin II Oakenshield|Thorin Oakenshield]] in [[Bree]] set in motion a series of events which led to the downfall of [[Sauron]] the establishment of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]. Thorin was seeking to regain his [[Thráin II|father]]'s [[Lonely Mountain|kingdom]] and [[Arkenstone|wealth]] was seeking assistance; Gandalf - worried about the threat of the [[dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]] - agreed to assist, and forcibly enlisted the help of [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref name="UT-Erebor">{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> As the [[Thorin and Company|Company]] of fifteen (thirteen [[dwarves]] with Gandalf and Bilbo) travelled towards [[Rivendell]] they [[Roast Mutton|encountered three trolls]] - thanks to Gandalf they avoided death whilst managing to gain the two [[Elves|Elvish]] swords [[Glamdring]] and [[Sting]]. Out of this quest Bilbo obtained [[Gollum]]'s [[The One Ring|magic ring]].<ref name="H-Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Storming the Bank.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Storming the Bank'']]
Following [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Bilbo's disappearance]] in {{TA|3001}}, Bilbo's "nephew", [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], inherited all of Bilbo's possessions, including Bilbo's ring.<ref name="FR-Party">{{FR|Party}}</ref> Bilbo travelled through Eriador, eventually staying with [[Elrond]] in Rivendell, whilst Frodo continued to live in [[Bag End]]. However, by {{TA|3018}}, Frodo, with [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], is forced to set out from [[the Shire]] to head towards Bree in order to deliver what is now known to be [[the One Ring]]; on the way, the [[Hobbits]] encounter the [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] and [[Barrow-wights]], as well as [[Farmer Maggot]], [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] and [[Tom Bombadil]]. In [[Bree]], the [[Travellers]] met a man called "[[Aragorn|Strider]]", who had been sent to safely escort the hobbits to Rivendell;<ref name="FR-Strider">{{FR|Strider}}</ref> despite being attacked by Black Riders on [[Weathertop]] and again confronted by them at the [[Ford of Bruinen]], they all eventually make it safely to Rivendell. At Rivendell, a [[Council of Elrond|Council]] decides that [[Fellowship of the Ring|a group of nine people]] should go on a quest to destroy the Ring.<ref name="FR-Council" />

After destroying the [[the One Ring]], witnessing the downfall of [[Sauron]] and the coronation of "Strider" as [[Kings of Gondor|King]] Elessar of [[Gondor]], the four hobbits and Gandalf returned to Eriador.<ref name="RK-Homeward">{{RK|Homeward}}</ref> Gandalf left the hobbits at the [[Old Forest]] - deciding to visit [[Tom Bombadil]] - but when they arrived at the [[Brandywine Bridge]] they saw that [[the Shire]] had been badly affected by [[Saruman]] via his puppet "[[Chief Shirriff|Chief]]" and the use of [[ruffians]]. After breaking many of the new "rules", the four hobbits were escorted to [[Hobbiton]] by a troop of [[Shirriffs]] (including [[Robin Smallburrow]]) where the four hobbits began a rebellion in the form of the successful [[Battle of Bywater]]: the ruffians were killed (as was [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]]) or captured and the [[Shire-hobbits|Shire-folk]] were liberated (at the cost of [[The Roll|19 lives]]).<ref name="RK-Scouring">{{RK|Scouring}}</ref>

Following the [[Battle of Bywater]] and the end of the [[War of the Ring]], Frodo temporarily took the position of Deputy [[Mayor of Michel Delving|Mayor]] whilst Sam used [[Sam's garden box|his gift]] from [[Galadriel]] to replenish the Shire of its lost flora (bringing a [[Mallorn]] tree to the [[Party Field]]).<ref name="RK-Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> On [[21 September|September 21]], {{TA|3021}}, Frodo and Sam set out from [[the Shire]] to meet the [[Last Riding of the Keepers|Last Riding]] of the [[Three Keepers]]: on [[29 September|September 29]] they reached the [[Grey Havens]] where Frodo, Bilbo, Gandalf, Galadriel and [[Elrond]] departed [[Middle-earth]]; the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] was left with Sam.<ref name="App-B4">{{App|Chief}}</ref>

===Fourth Age===
In the year {{SR|1422|n}} of [[Shire Calendar|Shire-reckoning]] the [[Fourth Age]] began following the department of the [[Ring-bearers]], the defeat of [[Sauron]] and re-establishment of [[Arnor]] in the north and [[Gondor]] in the south. In {{FoA|6}} [[Kings of Arnor|King]] [[Aragorn|Elessar]] of [[Arnor]] makes [[the Shire]] a [[Free Land]] under the protection of the [[Sceptre of Annúminas|Northern Sceptre]] and declares that no [[Men|man]] should ever enter the Shire.<ref name="App-B5">{{App|Later}}</ref> In {{FoA|15}} Elessar stays at [[Lake Evendim]], meeting his friends at [[Brandywine Bridge]]; in {{FoA|31}} he gives the [[Westmarch]] - the area between the [[Far Downs]] and [[Tower Hills]] - to the Shire as well as officially adding [[Buckland]] to the Shire.<ref name="Prologue"/> In {{FoA|61}} [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] eventually passed over [[Belegaer|the sea]] and in {{FoA|63}} [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] leave the Shire and travel south to [[Rohan]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name="App-B5"/>

It is unknown how many, if any, [[Elves]] were left in Eriador during the Fourth Age; presumably very few [[Noldor]], at least.<ref name="RK-Havens"/>

==Etymology==
{{Transcribed|Tengwar Eriador.png|Eriador|Tengwar, Sindarin mode}}
There are at least two, slightly different, versions of the etymology of ''Eriador'':
#''Eriador'' as [[Sindarin]] (derived from [[Noldorin]]), whose derivation is quoted by [[Carl F. Hostetter]] from an unnamed note dated 1949-53. This explains that ''Eriador'' is derived from ''eryā'', "isolated, lonely" and ''[[Dôr|dor]]'', "land", thereby translating ''Eriador'' as "wilderness".<ref name="VT42">"Letters to VT" in [[Carl F. Hostetter]] (ed.), ''[[Vinyar Tengwar]]'', [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|vol. 42]], July [[2001]], p. 4</ref>
#In another manuscript, Tolkien stated that ''Eriador'' was a [[Silvan Elvish]] name, meaning "Lonely land" (deriving from *''eryā'', S ''eir'', ''air'').<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}, p. 28</ref>

Both translations are noticeably similar to the "[[Lone-lands]]" mentioned in ''[[The Hobbit]]'';<ref name="Hob-Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref> it is unknown whether they are the same or simply coincidental.

==In Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In earlier sketches of the [[maps]] of [[Middle-earth]] Eriador is originally called "Forodwaith" - the name which is now applied to the [[Forodwaith (lands)|very cold region]] to the north of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Treason">{{TI|MII}}, pp. 305-306</ref>

==See Also==
*[[:Category:Images of Eriador|Images of Eriador]]
*[[:Category:Maps of Eriador|Maps of Eriador]]
*''[[Ents, Elves, and Eriador]]''
{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador|*]]
[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Silvan Elvish Locations]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Eriador]]
[[fi:Eriador]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:eriador]]

Easterling

2014-08-28T08:19:35Z

Smog: redirect

#redirect[[Easterlings]]

Nargothrond

2014-08-27T09:30:49Z

Smog: Rewording, addition of clarity, removal of vague/strange/redundant wording

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Nargothrond (II) (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| name = Nargothrond
| meaning =
| type =
| headofstate = King of Nargothrond
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Nargothrond
| language = Sindarin
| location = The meeting of the rivers [[Ringwil]] and [[Narog]], beneath the [[High Faroth]]
| populace= Noldorin elves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = {{FA|52}}
| established =
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = {{FA|495}}
| restored =
}}

'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] which delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]]. This was the base of Felagund's realm that included the surrounding hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] and the [[Talath Dirnen]] to the north.

==History==
===Creation===
On the western bank of the river [[Narog]], beneath the forested hills of Taur-en-Faroth, the Caverns of Narog were first known as [[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]], inhabited by the [[Petty-dwarves]] before they were driven out.

Inspired by [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]], and seeking a hidden place from which to be safe from the forces of [[Morgoth]], Finrod established Nargothrond in the caves in the early years of the [[First Age]]. He was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Ered Luin]], who also made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves.

===Days of Power===

Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and handed rule to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], the sons of [[Fëanor]], were defeated and retreated to Nargothrond where they were received as one of them. Although the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher. Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.

===Fall===
[[Image:Alan Lee - Túrin in Nargothrond.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''Túrin in Nargothrond'']]
(''Main article: [[Fall of Nargothrond]]'')

[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the bridge was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].

===Afterwards===
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen hoard until he went northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Túrin and was killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]]. Then, [[Mîm]] the Petty-dwarf settled there reclaiming his people's ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. The realm remained deserted for the rest of the First Age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of Beleriand.

==Etymology==
From its first conception, the name '''Nargothrond''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).<ref>{{WJ|10}}</ref>

However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name ''Nar(u)kathan'' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Nargothrond|Images of Nargothrond]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Nargothrond]]
[[fi:Nargothrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]

Túrin

2014-08-27T08:57:26Z

Smog: /* Legacy */ Poor/redundant wording

{{Sources}}
{{disambig-more|Túrin|[[Túrin (disambiguation)]]}}
{{disambig-two|the tragic hero of the [[First Age]]|[[Kings of Gondor|King]] of [[Gondor]]|[[Turambar (King of Gondor)]]}}
{{Edain infobox
| image=[[Image:Alan Lee - Túrin Turambar.jpg|250px]]
| name=Túrin Turambar
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Neithan]], [[Gorthol]], [[Agarwaen]], [[Thurin]], [[Adanedhel]], [[Mormegil]]; Turindo; Bane of Glaurung<ref>{{S|17}}.</ref>
| titles=Prince of [[Dor-lómin]]
| position=
| location=Dor-lómin, [[Doriath]], [[Talath Dirnen]], [[Brethil]]
| affiliation=[[Gaurwaith]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], some [[Mannish]] dialect
| birth={{FA|463}}
| birthlocation=[[Dor-lómin]], [[Hithlum]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|499}}
| deathlocation=[[Cabed-en-Aras]]
| age=36
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| parentage=[[Húrin]] & [[Morwen]]
| siblings=[[Lalaith]] & [[Nienor]]
| spouse=[[Nienor]]
| children=Unborn at [[Nienor]]'s death
| gender=Male
| height=Tall<ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref>
| hair=Dark<ref name="Childhood">{{CH|1}}</ref>
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Turin"/> or blue<ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>
| clothing=[[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], elven mail, grey tunic and cloak<ref name="Outlaws">{{CH|6}}</ref>
| weapons=[[Anglachel]]/[[Gurthang]]
| steed=
}}<center>{{quote|He was dark-haired as his mother, and promised to be like her in mood also; for he was not merry, and spoke little, though he learned to speak early and ever seemed older than his years. Túrin was slow to forget injustice or mockery; but the fire of his father was also in him, and he could be sudden and fierce. Yet he was quick to pity, and the hurts or sadness of living things might move him to tears.|''[[The Children of Húrin]]'', [[The Childhood of Túrin]]}}</center>
'''Túrin Turambar''' ({{FA|463}}–[[First Age 499|499]]) was a tragic hero of the First Age whose life was dominated by the curse of the [[Morgoth|Enemy]]. His deeds became the tale called ''[[Narn i Chîn Húrin (tale)|Narn i Chîn Húrin]]'' ("The Tale of the Children of Húrin").

== History ==
[[Image:Alan Lee - The Childhood of Túrin.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''The Childhood of Túrin'']]
Túrin was the only son of [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]] and [[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]]. He had a younger sister ''Urwen'' whom everyone called [[Lalaith]], but she died in childhood of a plague, the first grievous event in Túrin's life caused by Morgoth's curse. After Húrin was captured in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), Túrin remained with his mother Morwen, who hid him from the [[Easterlings]] that [[Morgoth]] had sent to [[Hithlum]], fearing they would kill Túrin or enslave him. Húrin's capture and failure to return home was the curse's second grief.

Túrin was friends with [[Sador]], their household servant whom he helped in his works. Sador taught him many things, and carved for him several things from wood.
===Upbringing in Doriath===
When Túrin was nine years old Morwen sent him to [[Doriath]], away from his beloved mother and best friend, causing his heart to break for the third time since the curse was cast on him. She sent with him [[Gethron]] and [[Grithnir]], long time servants in Húrin's house. Shortly after their departure from Dor-Lómin, Túrin's second sister, [[Nienor]] was born. The road there was long and difficult, and the three travellers came close to dying of hunger and cold in the very outlying woods of their destination, but they were rescued by [[Beleg]]. In Doriath he was adopted by King [[Thingol]] as a son, being that his father Húrin was held in high honor in those lands. Thingol and Melian sent messengers inviting Túrin's mother to come live in Doriath, which she declined much to Túrin's grief.
In Doriath Túrin learned many things, such as hunting, woodcraft, archery, swordfighting and speaking [[Sindarin]]. As he grew older, however, he became restless. He began inquiring about the Men of the North, as Thingol and Morwen frequently exchanged news for Túrin's sake. Through these messages he learned about his sister Nienor, although he never saw her. As Morgoth's hold on the North increased and news from Hithlum grew scarce, Túrin sought to travel there to join the fight against the Dark Lord and find out about his kin. He asked the King's permission to join [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]] in the northern marches of Doriath, fighting the [[Orcs]] of Morgoth. He wore the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], which was sent by his mother and brought to him by Thingol's messengers, and the Orcs began to fear him more than any other.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Túrin Reaches the Abandoned Homestead.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Túrin Reaches the Abandoned Homestead'']]
Túrin accidentally caused the death of [[Saeros]], one of Thingol's counsellors who had provoked and attacked him. Before he could be either punished or forgiven he fled, eventually meeting up with a band of outlaws, the [[Gaurwaith]] that dwelt south of the [[Forest of Brethil]]. There he identified himself only as '''''Neithan''''' ("The Wronged"). Túrin killed their leader [[Forweg]] and became their leader in his place. During his rule he stopped the outlaws from raiding houses of Men, and only hunted Orcs.

In the meantime Beleg Cúthalion obtained leave by Thingol to seek out his friend. Beleg found Túrin's outlaws at Amon Rûdh and when he could not persuade his friend to leave the outlaws, he left to return to Doriath. While they were parted, and after such a long time living in the wild, Túrin's band captured [[Mîm]] the [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarf]]. Mîm was forced to share his halls on [[Amon Rûdh]] with them.

At Doriath, Beleg asked to be able to join his friend. Thingol allowed this and also gave him the black sword [[Anglachel]], and [[Melian]] gave him ''[[lembas]]''. Beleg returned to Túrin that winter, healing those of the band that had become sick with cold. Beleg brought with him the Dragon-helm, and the area around Amon Rûdh became known as '''[[Dor-Cúarthol]]''', the "Land of Bow and Helm" (since Beleg was known as a mighty bowman). There Túrin took the name '''''Gorthol''''', "The Dread Helm". Many warriors joined them, and much of [[West Beleriand]] was freed from evil for a while.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Beleg is Slain.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Beleg is Slain'']]
Eventually Túrin was betrayed by Mîm, and he was captured and all his men slain. Beleg survived and rescued Túrin from the Orcs in [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]] with the help of [[Gwindor]], an escaped slave of Morgoth, but Túrin accidentally killed Beleg with Beleg's sword Anglachel. Gwindor led Túrin, dazed, to the [[Pools of Ivrin]], where he came back to his senses.

===Nargothrond===
Gwindor then led Túrin to [[Nargothrond]], where once he had lived. In Nargothrond Túrin hid his name, calling himself '''''[[Agarwaen]], son of [[Úmarth]]''''' ("Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"). He had Anglachel reforged and named it [[Gurthang]] ("Iron of Death"). [[Finduilas]], daughter of [[Orodreth]], fell in love with him, but he avoided her because she had previously been the beloved of his friend Gwindor. Túrin declined to tell her his name, so that she called him '''''Thurin''''' ("The Secret"). He was also called '''''Adanedhel''''' ("Man-Elf") because he was so like an Elf, though he was a [[Men|Man]].

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Túrin Bears Gwindor to Safety.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Túrin Bears Gwindor to Safety'']]
His identity did not remain hidden for long. Gwindor revealed to [[Finduilas]] that 'Agarwaen' was in fact Túrin, and 'Úmarth' his famous father [[Húrin]]. When news of this reached Finduilas' father King [[Orodreth]], Túrin was given great honour and standing, but the revelation of Túrin's identity would also bring home Morgoth's curse.

Túrin became a chief counsellor of the weak Orodreth, and was extremely influential in Nargothrond. He encouraged the Nargothrondrim to abandon their practice of secrecy, and they built a great bridge before the gates. Because of his prowess with Gurthang, he himself became known as '''''Mormegil''''' ("Black Sword").

Morgoth sent the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Glaurung]] to Nargothrond. Túrin was caught by the powerful gaze of Glaurung, and stood by idly as Finduilas was dragged away, calling to him, a captive for Morgoth. Glaurung deceived him into believing Morwen and Nienor were suffering in Dor-lómin, and Túrin abandoned Finduilas to seek out his kin. In actuality Morwen and Nienor were safely in Doriath, as Túrin's own efforts had made the way passable.

Once in Dor-lómin, Túrin found his old home empty. He went to the halls of the Easterling lord [[Brodda]], who had taken Húrin's kinswoman [[Aerin]] as a wife and had taken Húrin's lands and possessions. From Aerin, Túrin learned that Morwen had left, and in his rage he killed Brodda, thereby also sealing Aerin's fate. As Túrin left again, Aerin burnt herself alive in her halls, and the remainder of the [[House of Hador]] now was persecuted even more cruelly.

Túrin next tried to find Finduilas, but by the time he picked up the Orc's trail he came too late: the woodsmen of Brethil informed him she had been killed as they had tried to rescue the prisoners of Nargothrond. Túrin collapsed on the mound she was buried in, and was brought to Brethil.

===In Brethil===
In Brethil Túrin again took up his life, now calling himself '''''Turambar''''' ("Master of Fate") in an act of bravado, deciding that his curse was now finally over. One day he found a naked young woman on Finduilas's grave, and calling her ''[[Níniel]]'' he later took her as his wife.

Túrin's happiness ended when Glaurung came near Brethil. Túrin with two others set out to kill the dragon, but he was the only one to reach the drake. With his black sword he killed Glaurung at [[Cabed-en-Aras]], but was hurt and fell in a swoon. As Níniel came to search for him, Glaurung with his last words revealed to her she was Túrin's sister. Horrified, Nienor Níniel killed herself.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Túrin Prepares to Take His Life.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Túrin Prepares to Take His Life'']]
When Túrin awoke he was told by [[Brandir]], lord of the [[Haladin]] of Brethil what had happened, and he killed Brandir, refusing to believe. When he learned from [[Mablung]] of Doriath who had come to seek him that Brandir had told the truth, he killed himself on Gurthang, his black sword.

Túrin was buried near Finduilas' grave, and on his tombstone the Haladin wrote in the [[Angerthas Daeron|Cirth of Doriath]]:

<blockquote>TÚRIN TURAMBAR DAGNIR GLAURUNGA<br>(''Túrin, Conqueror of Fate, Slayer of Glaurung'')</blockquote>

Beneath that they also wrote:

<blockquote>NIENOR NÍNIEL</blockquote>

though her body could not be found.

==Legacy==
Morwen and Húrin later met at this site for the last time, and Morwen was also buried there. The mound survived the [[War of Wrath]] and as [[Tol Morwen]] was the westernmost isle off the coast of [[Lindon]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.

It was prophesied by the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Mandos]] that at the end of time Morgoth would wage a [[Final Battle]] against the [[Valar]], and that Túrin Turambar would deliver the death blow, exterminating evil forever. {{fact}}

Túrin was a first cousin of [[Tuor]], father of [[Eärendil]]. There are many parallels between the circumstances of their lives (both lost their fathers in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, were raised in part by Elves, spent time as outlaws and as prisoners, and were war-leaders in the greatest [[Noldor|Noldorin]] fortresses), but the outcome of Tuor's life was quite different. (Even Túrin's coloring was dark, enhancing his resemblance to the Noldorin Elves but further setting him apart from his fair-haired cousin.) The two never actually met, but Tuor did once see his cousin in passing (not an everyday occurrence in the wilds of [[Beleriand]]).

Whether the tragedies in Túrin's life were the result of Morgoth's curse or of his own arrogance, or some combination of the two, is a subject of some debate among scholars. Túrin is one of the few heroes of the [[Elder Days]] to have committed suicide and several of the others are connected to his story.

== The Many Names of Túrin ==
* ''[[Adanedhel]]'' = "Man-Elf"<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 164</ref>
* ''[[Agarwaen]], son of [[Úmarth]]'' = "Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 159</ref>
* ''[[Gorthol]]'' = "The Dread Helm"<ref>{{CH|8}}, p. 146</ref>
* ''[[Mormegil]]'' = "Black Sword"<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 160</ref>
* ''[[Neithan]]'' = "The Wronged"<ref>{{CH|6}}, p. 101</ref>
* ''[[Thurin]]'' = "The Secret"<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 165</ref>
* ''Turambar'' = "Master of Fate"<ref>{{CH|13}}, p. 196</ref>
* Wildman of the Woods<ref>{{CH|13}}, p. 194</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | BRE | | | | HAL | | HAD | BRE=[[Bregolas]]|HAL=[[Halmir]]|HAD=[[Hador|Hador Lórindol]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | BEL | | BAR | | HAR |y| GAL | BEL=[[Belegund]]|BAR=[[Baragund]]|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor of Dor-lómin]]|HAR=[[Hareth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | | | | MOR |y| HUR | | HUO | | |MOR=[[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]]|HUR=[[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]]|HUO=[[Huor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | | | TUR='''TÚRIN TURAMBAR'''|LAL=[[Lalaith]]|NIE=[[Nienor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Etymology==
''See: [[Túrin (disambiguation)]] and [[Turambar (disambiguation)]]''

It's possible that during Túrin's lifetime ([[First Age]]), the name was pronounced as "Túrind" before simplified in the following centuries. The [[Quenya]] form is [[Túrindo]].

== Inspiration ==
Unpublished drafts of the story, later edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and published in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series, tell the story in greater detail. These have been carefully edited together with other drafts to form ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'', released in 2007.

The supposed resemblance of Túrin to figures from medieval tales can be confirmed by part of a letter Tolkien wrote to [[Milton Waldman]] concerning the publication of his works:

{{quote|There is the ''Children of Húrin'', the tragic tale of Túrin Turambar and his sister Níniel — of which Túrin is the hero: a figure that might be said (by people who like that sort of thing, though it is not very useful) to be '''derived from elements in Sigurd the Volsung, Oedipus, and the Finnish Kullervo'''.|[[Letter 131]]}}

{{quote| Again one may detect certain literary influences: the hero’s [Túrin’s] fight with a great dragon [Glaurung] inevitably suggests comparison with the deeds of '''Sigurd''' and '''Beowulf''', while his unknowing incest with his sister and his subsequent suicide were derived quite consciously from the story of '''Kullervo in the Kalevala'''.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

Túrin shares several common traits with all of the characters below, like coming closer to their fate when attempting to evade it. Another significant trait is their gifted but hot tempered nature and strong will paired with their reluctance to heed wise counsels that would save them from their fate.
===Oedipus===
'''[[Wikipedia:Oedipus|Oedipus]]''' was a prince of Thebes, but his parents heard a prophecy that he would cause their demise. To evade it, they order a shepherd to kill him. However the shepherd spares the baby and gives him to a childless family. Oedipus grew ignorant of his heritage; he then heard a prophecy according to which he will kill his father and marry his mother. He left in self-exile to take himself away from his (foster) parents.

However this brought himself closer to Thebes and his actual parents. On his way, he kills a man who unknown to him, is his actual father, the King of Thebes, fulfilling therefore part of the prophecy. Then he enters the city and after defeating the Sphinx, the people name him to replace the lost King of Thebes; furthermore, Oedipus marries the King's widow, who is in fact his mother.

Years later, while investigating the death of the former King, he realizes all the truths in his life: the King was the very man he had killed, and furthermore, he and his Queen, were his parents. Oedipus blinds himself and leaves in self-exile while his mother/wife strangles herself.

===Kullervo===
In the [[Kalevala]], '''[[Wikipedia:Kullervo|Kullervo]]''''s tribe is killed by his uncle, and himself is separated by his family, something that fills him with hate and desire for revenge. As a slave, he uses magic to kill his masters and returns to his tribe; afterwards he seduces a girl, who commits suicide after discovering she is his lost sister.

Then he repeats his vows: he refuses to hear any words of reconsideration and gets a broadsword which he uses to slay the enemy tribe. On his return, he sees all his family dead. He asks the magic sword to slay him, which replies, and then he falls on it.

*''See also: [[Kalevala#Túrin Turambar and Kullervo|Túrin Turambar and Kullervo]]''

===Sigurd===
'''[[Wikipedia:Sigurd|Sigurd]]''''s mother marries a King and Sigurd himself is fostered by a Dwarf. The Dwarf tells him about the hoard of the dragon Fafnir (who is his brother) and remakes a broken heirloom sword for him. Sigurd slays Fafnir by waiting for him in a pit, stabbing him with the sword as he passes over it. The gold he wins, however, is cursed.

===Balin===
'''[[Wikipedia:Sir Balin|Sir Balin]]''' was a knight of the King Arthur's court in ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' who possessed a magic sword. By this he was unknowingly cursed to slay his own brother. Through a well-meaning act of his, he is further cursed to make the most dolorous strike ever made by man, save only the piercing of Christ's side. Later, while in King Pellam's castle, he kills Pellam's brother and maims Pellam, ruining the castle and making all the surrounding lands into a wasteland, much as Túrin slayed Brodda in his own house and how his pride brought about the destruction of Nargothrond. Eventually, he kills his brother Balan, but is mortally wounded in doing so, and outlives him by only a few hours. They were then both laid in one grave.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Túrin|Images of Túrin]]
*[[The Children of Húrin]]
*[[The Story of Kullervo]]

{{References}}
* ''[[The Children of Húrin]]''
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Túrin Turambar]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Coming of Men into the West]]
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Narn i Hîn Húrin]]
* ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[Turambar and the Foalókë]]
* ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[The later Annals of Beleriand]]
* ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[Quenta Silmarillion]]
* ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[The Etymologies]]
* ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', [[The Grey Annals]]
* ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', [[The Wanderings of Húrin]]
* ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 131]]
* ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'' by [[Humphrey Carpenter]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turin}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]
[[Category:House of Bëor]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:House of Haleth]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Túrin Turambar]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple_de_hador/turin]]
[[fi:Túrin]]
[[fa:تورین_تورامبار]]

Dior

2014-08-27T06:31:48Z

Smog: minor typo

{{disambig-two|the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]|the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]]|[[Dior (Steward of Gondor)]]}}
{{half-elf infobox
| image=
| name=Dior
| pronun=
| othernames=Eluchíl, Aranel, Dior the Fair
| titles=[[King of Doriath]]
| position=
| location=[[Ossiriand]], [[Doriath]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]] ([[Doriathrin]])
| birth={{FA|470}}
| birthlocation=[[Tol Galen]]
| rule={{FA|502}} - {{FA|506|n}}
| death={{FA|506}}
| deathlocation=[[Menegroth]], during [[Sack of Doriath]]
| age=36
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Bëor]], House of Thingol
| heritage=[[Men|Man]] father, [[Half-elven]] mother
| parentage=[[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]
| children=[[Elwing]], [[Eluréd]], [[Elurín]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Presumably [[Aranrúth]]<ref name="NumenorUT">{{UT|3}}, note 2</ref>
| steed=
}}'''Dior''' was the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]], and the heir to the throne of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], [[King of Doriath]]. Dior was one of the [[Half-elven]].

==History==
Dior was born on the island of [[Tol Galen]] in [[East Beleriand]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref> When he was 27 he married [[Nimloth of Doriath]],<ref group=note>[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth's]] parentage is uncertain. She may have been the daughter of [[Galathil]] and a descendant of [[Elmo]], the younger brother of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]].</ref> and took her back to live by the [[Lanthir Lamath]] waterfall at the base of the [[Blue Mountains]]. There they had three children: [[Elwing]], [[Eluréd]], and [[Elurín]]. After Thingol was slain by the [[Dwarves]] who coveted the [[Nauglamír]], Dior went to [[Menegroth]] and became King of Doriath.

After the death of his parents, a Lord of the [[Laiquendi]] came to Doriath bringing the Nauglamir, which was worn by his mother. After mourning, he decided to wear it himself. These news came to the [[Sons of Feanor]], who, stirred by their Oath, came to Doriath with their servants, consumed by the [[Oath of Feanor]].

Dior managed to kill [[Celegorm]] (who, ironically, was also called ''the Fair''), and [[Caranthir]] and [[Curufin]] were also slain, but the Kingdom of Doriath was destroyed. So Dior and Nimloth were slain, during the [[Sack of Doriath]], along with anyone preventing the Feanorians from gaining the [[Silmaril]].

After the attack, the servants of Celegorm left Eluréd and Elurín in the forest to die. Elwing, however, carrying the Nauglamir, escaped with the remnant of the Elves of Doriath to the [[Havens of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> Years later she would wed [[Eärendil]] and together they would seek aid from [[Valinor]].<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | THI |y| MEL | | HOB | | | |THI=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|HOB=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | |:| | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT=[[Lúthien]]|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO='''DIOR'''|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]<sup>1</sup>}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELN |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELD | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELD=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Etymology==
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], the name ''Dior'' is said to mean "successor" in [[Doriathrin]]. The name derives from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''ndeuro'' ("follower, successor"), from [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NDEW]].<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 375</ref>

==Other names and titles==

Dior was also called '''''Eluchíl''''', ("Heir of Elu"),<ref name="Index">{{S|Index}}</ref> '''''Aranel''''' ("Noble Elf" or "King of Elves"),<ref name="Index"/><ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref> and '''the Fair'''.

==Other versions of the Legendarium==

In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales (disambiguation)|The Book of Lost Tales]]'', a name of Dior was '''''[[Ausir (disambiguation)|Ausir]]''''' ([[Gnomish|Gn.]] "The Wealthy").<ref>{{HM|LT2}}, p. 240, 244, 251</ref><ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 20</ref>

{{references|note}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]
| list=[[King of Doriath]]
| dates={{FA|502}} - {{FA|506}}
| next=Kingdom destroyed
| nvac=none
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:House of Thingol]]
[[Category:House of Dior| ]]
[[de:Dior Aranel]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:semi-elfes:dior]]
[[fi:Dior Eluchíl]]

Fëa and hröa

2014-07-30T05:53:24Z

Smog: /* Elvish Fëar and Hröar */

'''''fëa''''', plural ''[[fëar]]'' (pronounced [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˈfe.ar]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˈɸe.ar]}}), and '''''hröa''''', plural ''hröar'' (pronounced {{IPA|[r̥o.ar]}}), are [[Quenya]] terms for "soul" (or "spirit") and "body". The [[Sindarin]] equivalents are '''''[[fae]]''''' ({{IPA|[faɛ]}}) and '''rhaw''' ({{IPA|[r̥aʊ]}}), respectively.

The [[Children of Ilúvatar]] ([[Elves]] and [[Men]]) are described as existing in two parts: they have a "spirit" or "soul" called a ''fëa'' which comes from the [[Secret Fire]] of [[Ilúvatar]], and a body or ''hröa'' which is made out of the material of [[Arda]]. The Elves compared the relationship of ''hröa'' and ''fëa'' to a House and an Indweller. For this reason, when death (which is the separation of the two) occured, the ''fëa'' was said to be "houseless" or "in exile". ''Fëar'' are said to come from beyond the created Universe (that is, [[Eä]]), directly from Ilúvatar, while ''hröar'' are of course begotten by parents. According to the Elves, the ''fëa'' is nearly powerless without the ''hröa'', and likewise the ''hröa'' would die without the ''fëa''. Only when they are together are the Children of Ilúvatar complete beings who can take part in the history of the world, for which reason they are called the [[Incarnate|Incarnates]] by the Elves.

Strictly speaking, only the souls of the Incarnates can be referred to as ''fëar''. The spirits of those not designed to dwell in a body (namely, the [[Ainur]]) are called ''[[ëalar]]'' or "beings".

== Elvish ''Fëar'' and ''Hröar'' ==
The Elves' fate is to live as long as Arda exists; they are bound to the world and cannot leave it. Unlike Men, Elves do not die of disease or of old age. For this reason, their ''hröar'' are much more well adapted to the presence of their ''fëar'' than Men. Their spirits are in considerably greater control of their bodies. In turn, the Elves' ''hröar'' are much more durable than those of Men, and they can heal from wounds that would be fatal to mortals.

However, since ''fëar'' are indestructible within the world, while ''hröar'' can be broken by the disorders of [http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Arda#Arda_Marred| Arda Marred], "death", which is their separation, is an ever present risk of existence in [[Middle-earth]], even for the Elves. They may be slain or lose the will to live, for instance because of grief. When an Elf dies, the ''fëa'' leaves the ''hröa'', which then "dies" and is reabsorbed into Arda. The ''fëa'' is called to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where it is judged. After a time of Waiting, the ''fëa'' may be reincarnated into a new-born body that is identical to the previous ''hröa'' if allowed by [[Mandos]]. It is only by coming to Mandos that an Elvish ''fëa'' can hope to be reincarnated, as the Elves do not possess this ability in themselves. Alternatively, a ''fëa'' might decide to stay in Mandos until the end of Arda, or it may be denied reincarnation, if it had done much evil in life.

For slain Elves, going to the Halls of Mandos was an option and not a requirement; their ''fëar'' could refuse the summons of Mandos and remain in Middle-earth, though if they made this choice they could not be reembodied. Refusal of the summons was seen as a sign of taint in the ''fëa'', since Mandos' call is backed by the authority of the [[Valar]]. It was said that in later Ages, more and more Elvish ''fëar'' chose to ignore the summons and instead haunt places they had frequented in life. Because these ''fëar'' in many cases had unworthy motives (such as the desire to possess the ''hröar'' of others), it was forbidden to the Living to commune with them. [[Sauron]]'s title "the [[Necromancer]]" might have referred to his practice of mastering these Houseless ''fëar'' and using them to do his will.

Due to the Marring of Arda, the Elves living in Middle-earth suffered a weakening of their ''hröar'' over long periods of time. This waning caused their ''fëar'' to consume their bodies, so that in the end they became much like wraiths. It was the weakening of the ''hröar'' of the Elves that brought about the [[Dominion of Men]] and the departure of the [[Eldar]] into [[Aman|the West]]: the Elves in Middle-earth could only avoid this grievous process by leaving the lands they loved and sailing to [[Aman]], for such waning of the body did not exist there. In the West, the Elves could maintain a normal incarnate state.

== Mannish ''Fëar'' and ''Hröar'' ==
The situation of Men is much different from that of the Elves: a Mannish ''fëa'' is only a visitor to Arda, and when the ''hröa'' (inevitably) dies, the ''fëa'' leaves Arda completely. This severance of ''fëa'' and ''hröa'' happens after a short time, especially as the Elves measure it. For this reason, it is said that Men are not bound to the fate of Arda as the Elves are, and are released from Time itself. This mode of mortality is called the [[Gift of Men]] by the Elves, and is a fate unique to them. It is important to note that Men themselves, however, rarely view death as a Gift, and even have [[Tale of Adanel|traditions]] stating that they also possessed immortality (or at least much longer life) until they were corrupted by [[Morgoth]].

What happens to Men after death is unknown to any of the inhabitants of Arda, except perhaps some of the Valar. The Elves said that they went to the Halls of Mandos as well (though without choice in the matter), and were there given up to Eru, though this is mere speculation. There were some that were cursed to stay in Arda, specifically the ones cursed by [[Isildur]] and became [[oathbreakers]]. However, the Valar proclaimed to the Elves that eventually the race of Men would participate in the [[Second Music of the Ainur]], whereas the ultimate fate of the Elves is unknown.

Because the ''fëar'' of Men must leave the world while the Elves must remain in it until its end, it is said the fates of Men and Elves are sundered.

== The Half-elven ==
There were at least three marriages between Elves and Men, which resulted in [[Half-elven]] children. Those who were in contact with the Valar were given the choice to be numbered among Elves or Men. This choice was of course mainly one of the ''fëa'', not the ''hröa''. For example, [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]] chose the Fate of Men, and so her ''fëa'' passed out of Arda and was lost to her kin.

Among those who did not have contact with the Valar, such as (possibly) the [[Lord of Dol Amroth|Lords of Dol Amroth]], Mannish mortality appeared to be the default state.

== Other ''Fëar'' ==
It was not only the Children of Ilúvatar who possessed ''fëar'': they were also granted to the [[Ents]] and some animals, such as [[Huan]] the Hound and the great [[Eagles]] (but see the end of that article). When Ilúvatar adopted [[Aulë]]'s children, the [[Dwarves]], he granted them ''fëar'' of their own also.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fea and hroa}}
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Quenya words]]
[[fi:Fëa]]
[[fi:Hröa]]

Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor

2014-07-26T04:16:13Z

Smog: Identity of the wraith revealed in latest trailer

{{video game infobox
| image =
| name = Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor
| developer = [[Monolith Productions]]
| publisher = [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]
| platform = PC, Playstation 3, Playstation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One
| releasedate = [[7 October]] [[2014]]
| genre =
| modes =
| rating =
| distribution =
}}
'''''Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor''''' is an upcoming PlayStation 4 video game slated for a 2014 release. The story will take place between ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', acting as a bridge between the two eras, though it is uncertain if the game will follow the film or book canon. The protagonist's name is Talion, a [[Gondorian]] [[Ranger]] stationed at the [[Black Gate]]. Talion's family is slain the night the Dark Lord [[Sauron]] and his [[Uruk-Hai]] forces return to reclaim [[Mordor]], setting the Ranger on a quest for revenge after he is possessed and sustained from death by a mysterious [[Wraith]].

== Voice cast ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Role !! Actor
|-
| [[Talion]] || [[Troy Baker]]
|-
| [[Wraith]] of [[Celebrimbor]] || [[Alister Duncan]]
|-
| [[Black Hand]] || [[Nolan North]]
|-
| Ioreth || [[Laura Bailey]]
|-
| [[Gollum]] || [[Liam O'Brien]]
|}
== External links ==
* '''[http://www.shadowofmordor.com/agegate/ Official website]'''
{{title|italic}}
[[Category:Action games]]
[[Category:Adventure games]]
[[Category:Microsoft Windows games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 3 games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 4 games]]
[[Category:Upcoming video games]]
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]
[[Category:Xbox One games]]

User:Smog

2014-07-18T06:49:48Z

Smog: Updates.

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===Introduction===
Hello, and welcome to my profile. I'm Smog, and I am a devoted student of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work. I currently live in St. Louis, Missouri where I go to school as well as work as a T.A. for my department. Outside of school, I play video games (old school RPGs, [[Lord of the Rings Online]], Mass Effect multiplayer, and other various MMOs as they get released), bowl, write, and play board games or tabletop RPGs with my friends.
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===Focus and Areas of Interest===
I am currently working on my graduate degree with my primary focus in Tolkien's work: mainly the early [[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]] volumes. My main interests, and the bulk of my writing, concerns the creation of his mythos, and the songs, music, and poetry that play such an important role throughout his writings. My expertise lies in anything concerning the [[Years of the Lamps]] and [[Years of the Trees]]. My [[First Age]] lore is better than most and (compared to other Tolkien scholars) I'm out of my league concerning the [[Second Age]] or beyond. I have a certain obsession with the [[Ainulindalë (song)|Ainulindalë]] and the [[Two Trees of Valinor]]. If you have any questions regarding the creation story of [[Eä]] or the times before the [[Years of the Sun]], don't hesitate to contact me!
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===Contact Information===
* '''Email:''' {{nospam|apitch85|yahoo.com}}
* '''IRC:''' Smog on irc.tolkiengateway.net
* Or always on my [[User_talk:Smog|talk page]].
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===What I Do Here===
Mainly small edits, grammar corrections, redirects, and general cleanup. My personal belief is that the Gateway should be as efficient and organized as possible, so most of my time is spent to that end. I also keep an eye on most of the articles concerning my particular interests that I mentioned above. As I am still a full-time student as well as an instructor, my spare time is limited, so I am not currently able to devote as much time as I would like to the Gateway.
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===Current Projects===
* See [[Tolkien Gateway:Projects]]
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===Random Facts===
* I will argue that [[Tom Bombadil]] is the embodiment and spirit of the Ainulindalë until the day that I die.
* I disliked the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]] solely for their omission of [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Glorfindel]].
* I maintain around a 190 average in league bowling, which I participate in year-round with my friends.
* I have a specific kind of O.C.D. known as Pure-O or Pure O.C.D.
* I'm 1000% more talkative on the internet than I am in person.
* I plan on getting a tattoo of [[Telperion]] and [[Laurelin]] (one on each calf) the day after I receive my Ph.D. and a tattoo of the [[Silmarils]] the day after I am hired on to a tenure track professorship position.
* Before I die, I want to sail west from the U.K. to Ireland in an Elvish-style boat that I build myself.
* I have a cat named Crono and I would feed him before I fed myself if it came down to it.
* No, my name is not a poorly spelled reference to [[Smaug]].
* I shamelessly ripped off [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]'s user page format.
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{{Maiar infobox
|image=[[.jpg|250px]]
|name=Smog
|othernames=Art P.
|birth=October 12th, 1985
|death=Date unknown, [[Valinor]]
|race=Vanyar
|gender=Male
|height=6'0"
|hair=Blonde
|eyes=Green
}}
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''<small>Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow,''<br />
''Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.''<br />
''None has ever caught him yet, for Tom, he is the master:''<br />
''His songs are stronger songs, and his feet are faster.</small>''

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[[Category:IRC users|Smog]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]