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Talk:Nazgûl

2024-06-01T17:58:01Z

TheRedBook: Removing due to hostility from editor. TG's editors can decide if they want to keep such schlock content

Talk:Nazgûl

2024-06-01T17:56:15Z

TheRedBook: /* Essay on Origins of the Nazgûl */ Reply

==Trivia==
What's the purpose of the Trivia section? It's ripped straight from Wikipedia, and not very relevant. -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:49, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

:+1 --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 21:27, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

== Black Horses ==

"[...] their black horses (stolen from Rohan)[...]". But in Rivendell, Gandalf said to Frodo, that the horses of the Nazgûl were creatures born in Mordor. --[[User:Sigismond|Sigismond]] 13:08, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

:A probable cause for this slip-up is that somewhere (don't know exactly where anymore) it is said that the Black Horses of Rohan were coveted by Sauron, and that he sent out thieves for them. I think it's incorrect as currently worded. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:14, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

::Our article on the [[Rohirrim#Horses|Rohirrim]] (and [[wikipedia:Rohan#Rumours of tribute paid to Sauron|Wikipedia's on Rohan]]) says the horses were stolen. [http://www.amruin.com/rohan/rohirrim_faq.asp#sellhorses See this]. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:03, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

:::The article on amruin.com ("see this") was really interesting. The reasoning (supported by quotes from the books), which is convincing to me, suggests that the black horses stolen by Sauron's orcs ''could'' actually be the steed of the Nazgûl, or at least the origin of the breed. But we should put a "perhaps" or "likely", IMHO. '''Sigismond''', do you have a quote from the Rivendell chapter (read quickly, but it slipped my attention...)? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 19:59, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

::::The tribute rumour is irrelevant to the actual question - were they born in Rohan and then stolen, or were they born in Mordor, bred from horses previously stolen? The latter is most likely, considering Sigismond's quote, though evidence for both is circumstantial.-- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:27, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

:::::I'm quite sure, that there is somewhere a note, considering, that the horses were (maybe at first) stolen from Rohan, but I cannot remember if it was in the ''Unfinished Tales'' or maybe the ''Letters''. Gandalf's comment in the chapter "Many Meetings": "''Because these horses are born and bred to the service of the Dark Lord in Mordor''." OK, maybe I misinterpreted it, but the fact is, that the horses, "used" by the Nazgûl at the beginning of the War of the Ring were not stolen from Rohan, so that the note in brackets become in this context irrelevant. Maybe it should be discussed in a seperate article about the Black Horses? --[[User:Sigismond|Sigismond]] 08:22, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

==Khamûl==

We state both here and in our article on Khamûl that he was a "king" or "lord" of the Easterlings. Where can this statement be found? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 21:27, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

:He was certainly an Easterling. He was probably some kind of leader, be it king or lord, but to state this would be speculation.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 22:18, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

== Essay on Origins of the Nazgûl ==

* [http://www.zarkanya.net/Tolkien/origins_of_Nazgul.htm Origins of the Nazgûl and the Downfall of Númenor] by Alcuin

I didn't want to just remove an edit with discussing if it is valid. The essay above was added to the external links section because it has 'sources' but it still seems to make some big leaps and claims in my opinion. A lot of the important parts actually requiring evidence don't have sources and are just the opinion of the author because we ''really'' don't know the origins of most of them. It seems to be forcing an answer to origins based on Tolkien saying that three of the Ringwraiths were "great lords of Númenórean race". That doesn't even have to mean they were Men literally on the island of Númenor itself. Are essays rooted in filling in gaps and of conjecture valid? Especially when the '''Identities''' section of the page already tells us what we really know:

"Only a few of the Nazgûl are named or identified individually. Their leader was the [[Witch-king|Witch-king of Angmar]], and his second in command was named [[Khamûl]]. Khamûl was a lord of [[Easterlings]], and was the only Nazgûl known by his name. Three of them were [[Númenóreans]]." [[User:TheRedBook|Steven Gibb]] ([[User talk:TheRedBook|talk]]) 10:51, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

:The essay is on a different website, it is not content on the Tolkien Gateway website. The essay is phrased in such a way, that facts can be distinguished from the opinion or theories of the author of the essay. The essay does not "force" an answer. In addition, the essay uses many footnotes with references, which are detailed and do not just contain of the name of a book, they also include the chapter and sometimes even a section of a chapter or a footnote of a chapter or a year from a Tale of Years of an appendix. The essay is in a written format, it is not a youtube video. Readers can read the essay at their own pace and verify the references at their own pace. Furthermore, the essay is on a webpage, which is free from advertisements where the author does not receive money from a company that provides the functionality that hosts the content. Moreover, the link to the essay was not added by the author of the essay. Some pages on Tolkien Gateway link to pages with written content with references on Michael Martinez's middle-earth website. I am somewhat surprised that this edit on this discussion page came from a user called TheRedBook and that edit is signed with the name Steven Gibb, which is the same name as the person who runs The Red Book video channel on youtube. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 16:05, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
::I think Steven brings up a great point, it can be tricky finding the balance when it comes to external links. There are so many articles out there about Nazgûl, if a visitor sees only a couple linked from TG, they are going to hold those to a very high standard and we need to do the same. I haven't read the article fully yet, so let's see if we can get some additional opinions from other editors to see what they think.
::Let's all remember that we're working together as a team to try to help other fans. When communicating on the Internet it's easy for the tone of our messages to come across as more aggressive than we intend, so let's try to keep the discussion friendly. :) [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 16:27, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
::Why would it be surprising that I would start this discussion? I was writing and reading Tolkien essays years before I ever made a channel but I still don't get what that comment is implying, with all due respect.
::I think the comparison to Michael Martinez is not a valid one. His Nazgûl link lists the facts we know about them and doesn't posit fan theories about their mysterious origin - jumping to conclusions based on flimsy evidence in my own opinion. His is the kind of external link that makes sense to me which is why I started a discussion about this new one. The fact the essay I am questioning is not a YouTube video is irrelevant to me, in fact, if essays like this can be shared on TG, why not links to YouTube videos offering fan theories? Something being written doesn't automatically make it more worthy of a place if essays like this are valid. A YouTube video can be paused to "verify the references at their own pace". I also think it's irrelevant that it wasn't the author who added the essay. It's the content of the essay and its "fan theory" style I am asking questions about. I am simply asking if fan theories are relevant to a factual page. [[User:TheRedBook|Steven Gibb]] ([[User talk:TheRedBook|talk]]) 16:44, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

:::The comparion with Michael Martinez is a valid one. Michael Martinez also writes in a way, that makes it clear when he is stating a fact and when he is writing about possibilities or a theory. In my opinion, your critiscim of the essay by Alcuin is not in-depth. Let us see what other editors of Tolkien Gateway think when they have read the essay and compared it to some pages of Michael Martinez that include possibilities and theories. Your statement "in fact, if essays like this can be shared on TG, why not links to YouTube videos offering fan theories?" does not surprise me. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 17:20, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
::::Why doesn't it surprise you? Can you stop being so vague with your references to me having a YouTube channel. I apologise if you are not used to your edits being questioned on here but your hostility over this is what should surprise people. [[User:TheRedBook|Steven Gibb]] ([[User talk:TheRedBook|talk]]) 17:56, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Nazgûl

2024-06-01T16:44:37Z

TheRedBook: /* Essay on Origins of the Nazgûl */ Reply

Talk:Nazgûl

2024-06-01T10:51:02Z

TheRedBook: /* Essay on Origins of the Nazgûl */ new section

Nazgûl

2024-06-01T10:36:15Z

TheRedBook: /* External links */ Link was broken

{{race infobox
| name=Nazgûl
| image=[[File:John Howe - The Hunt for the Ring.jpg|275px]]
| caption=''The Hunt for the Ring'' by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Ringwraiths, the Black Riders, the Nine, ''Úlairi'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| origin=[[Men]] who received the [[Nine Rings]]; corrupted by [[Sauron]]
| location=[[Mordor]], [[Angmar]], [[Dol Guldur]], [[Minas Morgul]]
| affiliation=[[Sauron]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Black Speech]], [[Westron]]
| people=
| members=[[Witch-king]], [[Khamûl]]
| lifespan=Indefinite
| distinctions=Without physical form
| height=Man-high
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=Black robes
| weapons=[[Morgul-knife]]
}}

<center>{{quote| 'They come from [[Mordor]],' said [[Aragorn|Strider]] in a low voice. 'From Mordor, [[Barliman Butterbur|Barliman]], if that means anything to you.' |''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Strider (chapter)|Strider]]"}}</center>
The '''[[#Etymology|Nazgûl]]''' ([[Black Speech]]: '''Ringwraiths''', sometimes written '''''Ring-wraiths'''''), also known as the '''Nine Riders''' or '''Black Riders''' (or simply '''the Nine'''), were [[Sauron]]'s "most terrible servants" in [[Middle-earth]]. They were mortal [[Men]] who had been turned into wraiths by their [[Nine Rings]] of power.

==History==
===Origins===
Sometime during the [[Second Age]] (after the year {{SA|1697|n}}<ref group=note>Sauron captured the Rings of Power in the [[Sack of Eregion]] around this year, and later distributed the Nine Rings (cf. {{App|B}} and {{UT|Concerning}}).</ref>) Sauron gave [[Nine Rings|nine Rings of Power]] to nine mortal [[Men]]. It is said that three of the Nine were great lords of [[Númenoreans|Númenorean]] race.<ref name=Akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><ref>{{L|156|39}}, "There were evil Númenoreans: Sauronians, [...] the wicked Kings who had become the Nazgûl or Ringwraiths."</ref>

The bearers of the rings gained great wealth and prestige and became "''mighty in their day, kings, sorcerers, and warriors of old''". The rings enabled them to turn invisible and see the [[Unseen]]. Their lives were prolonged so they seemed unending, but life became unendurable to them. Over time, depending on their native strength and their initial good or evil will, they succumbed to the powers of the rings and the domination of the [[The One Ring|One Ring]]. Their bodily forms faded until they became permanently invisible and turned into [[wraiths]].<ref name=Rings/>

Known as the Nazgûl, they first appeared around {{SA|2251}}<ref name=AppB1/> and were soon established as Sauron's principal servants. However, the circumstances of this appearance are unknown, as are their actions during the [[Dark Years]], during Sauron's capture to [[Númenor]], and in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. When Sauron was overthrown in {{SA|3441}} at the hands of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]], the wraiths faded into the shadows.<ref name="AppB1">{{App|B1}}</ref>
===Third Age===
The One Ring which dominated the Nazgûl was taken from Sauron and then it was lost in [[Anduin]] for the following centuries; both Sauron and the wraiths lost their powers and remained hidden.<ref name=Rings/> However around {{TA|1050|n}} of the [[Third Age]] Sauron returned in the form of a shadow in [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]], triggering also the return of his servants. [[Third Age 1100|About 50 years later]] [[the Wise]] of that Age discovered the [[shadow]] of [[Dol Guldur]] and theorized that it was one of the Nazgûl.<ref name=AppB2/>

But it was around {{TA|1300}} when evil things, like the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]], multiplied again, and the Nazgûl definitely reappeared; it was then when [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]] gathered evil [[Men]] and founded the Witch-kingdom of [[Angmar]]. From there he led Sauron's forces against the mannish kingdom of [[Arnor]] in {{TA|1409}}.<ref name=AppB2/>

Meanwhile [[Gondor]] was weakened by the [[Great Plague]] and [[Wainrider/Balchoth War|War]], and it was believed that Sauron's plan was to open the way to [[Mordor]]; indeed as the watch on Mordor stopped and Gondor's borders withdrew, it is believed that the Nazgûl freely re-entered Mordor around {{TA|1856|n}} or later.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

The Witch-king was eventually [[Battle of Fornost|defeated]] in battle in {{TA|1975|n}} and [[Third Age 1980|sometime later]] returned to [[Mordor]], gathering the other Nazgûl in preparation for the return of Sauron to that realm.<ref name=AppB2/><ref name=gondor/>

In {{TA|2000|}}, they issued by [[Cirith Ungol]], began a two-year siege against [[Minas Ithil]] and [[Second Fall of Minas Ithil|captured it]]. The city thereafter became their stronghold Nazgûl, from where they directed the rebuilding of Sauron's armies, also acquiring [[Ithil-stone|one of]] the ''[[palantíri]]'' for the Dark Lord.<ref name=AppB2>{{App|B2}}</ref>

During the [[Watchful Peace]], when Sauron hid from the power of the [[White Council]], the Nazgûl also remained hidden in [[Morgul Vale]], allowing some peaceful time for the first [[Ruling Stewards]] of Gondor.<Ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref>

But after his defeat in [[Dol Guldur]], Sauron returned to Mordor in {{TA|2942|n}} and declared himself openly in {{TA|2951|n}}. Three of the Nazgûl were sent to his fortress at Dol Guldur to garrison that outpost.<ref name=AppB2/>
[[File:Angus McBride - Rivendell.gif|thumb|''Rivendell'' by [[Angus McBride]]]]
In {{TA|3017|n}} Sauron commanded the Ringwraiths to recover [[the One Ring]] of Power from "Baggins of the Shire". Disguised as horse riders clad in black (hence the term ''Black Riders''), they sought out [[Bilbo Baggins]] who, as [[Gollum]] had revealed, had the One Ring in his possession.

The [[Dwarves]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] spoke of a rider who had come to offer Sauron's friendship and ask about [[Hobbits]]. As a token of their friendship he asked for a "trifle", a ring, "the least of rings", that the [[Bilbo Baggins|thief]] had stolen.<ref name=council>{{FR|II2}}</ref><ref group=note>The identity of the messenger is unknown. In [[fandom]] it has been proposed that he was the [[Mouth of Sauron]]. [[Michael Martinez]] [http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/01/26/is-the-messenger-sent-to-dain-a-black-rider-or-the-mouth-of-sauron/ considers it more likely] that it was a Nazgûl.</ref>

===War of the Ring===
Sauron decided to assault Gondor directly. In [[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath|attack]] on [[Osgiliath]] he let the Nazgûl lead, causing terror with the [[Black Shadow]] among the [[Gondorians]]<ref name=council/><ref name=b3>{{app|B3}}</ref> and making them think that they are the vanguard of Sauron's military force. However this was a feigned move of Sauron, who intended them to send them invisible to look for the Ring.<Ref name=hunt>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref>

The Nazgûl were given black horses (stolen from [[Rohan]]) for transportation and set off to find "[[the Shire]]", on their way learning from a [[Squint-eyed southerner]] that [[Saruman]] was not a true ally of Sauron. Failing to find it, they returned to the [[Wold]] empty-handed; messengers from Sauron sent them to [[Isengard]]. There they encountered [[Gríma Wormtongue]], who told them of the location of the Shire.<Ref name=hunt/>

Crossing the [[Fords of Isen]], they reached [[Sarn Ford]] at evening and drove off the guard of [[Rangers of the North]] and five pursued the Rangers eastward, then returned to guard the [[Greenway]]. The other four entered the Shire before the dawn of [[23 September]]; at nightfall [[Khamûl]] came to [[Hobbiton]] and interrogated [[Hamfast Gamgee]] asking for "[[Baggins]]", not knowing that [[Frodo Baggins]], the [[Ring-bearer]], had left Bag End on his way out of Hobbiton that same day.<ref name=b3/>

On [[24 September]] a Rider approached Frodo and his companions near the [[Woody End]], when a [[Wandering Companies|Wandering Company]] of [[Elves]] approached from [[Emyn Beraid]], chanting the name of "[[Elbereth]]", and the rider fled away.<Ref name=Three>{{FR|Three}}</ref>{{rp|78-9}} The [[25 September|next day]] a Rider came to [[Bamfurlong]] and approached [[Farmer Maggot]], asking about Baggins. The farmer directed him to Hobbiton. The Rider said that the individual had already left Hobbiton and offered Maggot gold if he would inform the rider if he saw Baggins. The farmer felt chill and was enraged by his trespassing and threatened him with his [[dogs]], which, however, yelped and ran. The Rider, infuriated by his defiance, hissed and rode away.<ref>{{FR|I4}}</ref>

On [[26 September]], two Riders came to ''[[The Prancing Pony]]'' at [[Bree]] and asked [[Nob]] for "Baggins", making the dogs and geese noisy. Nob, terrified, slammed the door on them, and the Riders continued all the way to [[Archet]].<ref name=strid>{{FR|Strider}}</ref>

Some days later, the hobbits arrived at the ''Prancing Pony''. The Riders visited [[Bill Ferny]] in Bree, who gave information about how one of the hobbits mysteriously "disappeared", but [[Merry]] spotted them outside, and notified the others after narrowly escaping himself.<ref name=strid/>

In the early hours of [[30 September]], Riders raided [[Crickhollow]] while others silently snuck into the ''Prancing Pony'' and raided the hobbits' room, but [[Aragorn]] had taken them to his room for safety. Aragorn led the hobbits away from Bree later that day.<ref name=knife>{{FR|Knife}}</ref>

The Riders pursued [[Gandalf]] from Bree and attacked him at night on [[Weathertop]], where he defended himself with his [[magic]].<ref name=b3/> Four Riders followed Gandalf as he escaped to the north.<ref name=council/> The others later attacked [[Aragorn]] and the [[hobbits]] while they were camping under Weathertop, and the Witch-king [[Morgul-wound|wounded]] [[Frodo Baggins]] with a [[Morgul-knife]].<ref name=b3/><ref name=knife/>

On [[11 October]] {{TA|3018|n}}<ref name=b3/> three Riders were guarding the [[Last Bridge]] of [[Mitheithel]], expecting [[Aragorn]] and the [[hobbits]] on their journey to [[Rivendell]]. Their plan was foiled by [[Glorfindel]], who drove them away.<ref name=b3/><ref name=Flight>{{FR|Flight}}</ref> Two days later, some of them pursued Frodo across the [[Ford of Bruinen]].<ref name=b3/> [[Elrond]] and [[Gandalf]] released a flood and the waters of [[Bruinen]] swept away and drowned the horses of the Riders.<ref name=council/>

[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_The_Nazgûl.jpg|thumb|''The Nazgûl'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]

The Ringwraiths were forced to return to Mordor to regroup.<ref name=Disguises>{{FR|South}}, p. 275</ref> They reappeared later mounted on [[Fell beasts|flying creatures]],<ref name=White/> at which point they were referred to as '''winged Nazgûl'''.<ref>{{TT|Uruk}}, p. 446</ref>

By the conclusion of the [[War of the Ring]], all of the Nine Nazgûl were destroyed. The [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]] himself was slain by [[Éowyn]], the niece of King [[Théoden]] (with help from [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]]) during the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|Battle}}, 840-2</ref> The remaining eight Ringwraiths attacked the Army of the West during the last battle at the [[Black Gate]].<ref>{{RK|Gate}}, p. 892</ref> However, when [[Frodo Baggins]] put on the ring in the fires of [[Mount Doom]], Sauron ordered the remaining Nazgûl to fly with all possible speed to Mount Doom to intercept Frodo. They arrived too late, with the Ring falling into the fire along with the hapless Gollum. The Nazgûl were caught in the firestorm of the erupting mountain and were destroyed.<ref>{{RK|Doom}}, pp. 946-7</ref>

==Characteristics==
===Appearance===
To mortals, the Nazgûl appeared as shadowy Men hidden by black hoods and cloaks that reached down to their boots.<ref name=Three/>{{rp|74}} Without their cloaks, they were shapeless,<ref name=MeetingsTwo>{{FR|Meetings}}, p. 222-3</ref> and invisible to all but the wearer of [[the One Ring]].<ref name=Rings/> When the Witch-king removed his hood, his crown could be seen, although his head was invisible and the red fires shone through it.<ref name=Siege>{{RK|Siege}}</ref>{{rp|829}} During the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, the deadly gleam of his eyes could be seen.<ref name=PelennorPage>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 840</ref>

When Frodo put on the Ring at Weathertop, he could see the forms of the Nazgûl clearly. They were tall, and beneath their black cloaks, they were robed in grey. Their hair was grey, and they wore silver helms, although the Witch-king wore a crown. Their eyes were merciless and piercing, and their hands were haggard. The Witch-king held a [[Morgul-knife|knife]], and the knife and his hand shone with a pale light.<ref name=Visible>{{FR|Knife}}, pp. 195-6</ref>

===Powers and abilities===
{{Blockquote|The Nazgûl came again, and as their Dark Lord now grew and put forth his strength, so their voices, which uttered only his will and his malice, were filled with evil and horror...At length even the stout-hearted would fling themselves to the ground as the hidden menace passed over them, or they would stand, letting their weapons fall from nerveless hands while into their minds a blackness came, and they thought no more of war, but only of hiding and of crawling, and of death.|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Siege of Gondor]]"}}

The chief power of the Nazgȗl was the terror they struck in living things. As Tolkien wrote in [[Letter 210]], ''"Their peril is almost entirely due to the unreasoning fear which they inspire (like ghosts)."''

Their cries struck terror into the hearts of the bravest, causing them to cower as the Ringwraiths passed overhead.<ref name=Siege/>{{rp|823}} Even when they could not be seen or heard, their terrible presence could be felt, and those nearby felt a sense of dread.<ref>{{RK|Gate}}, p. 886</ref> Animals also feared them, and the only creatures that endured them were horses bred for the service of Sauron<ref name=MeetingsTwo/> and the [[Fell beasts|winged beasts]] that were given to them when their horses were destroyed.<ref name=White>{{TT|White}}, p. 498</ref> The evil aura that surrounded them was known as the ''[[Black Breath]]'', and those that came under its shadow fell ill, and eventually passed into silence and died.<ref name=Houses>{{RK|Houses}}</ref>

The Ringwraiths had physical weapons as well. At Weathertop they bore steel swords, and the Witch-king had a knife that he stabbed Frodo with.<ref name=Visible/> A shard of the [[Morgul-knife]] remained in Frodo's shoulder, and was moving deeper before it was removed by [[Elrond]]. It caused Frodo to begin to fade into the wraith-world, but was unable to pierce his heart and bring him completely under the control of the Nazgȗl.<ref name=MeetingsTwo/> The Ringwraiths were also known to use deadly black darts.<ref name=HousesPage/> The Witch-king used a black mace during the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.<ref name=PelennorPage/>

The Nazgûl could not be slain by arrows,<ref name=White/> and only weapons endowed with a special power, such as the [[blade of Westernesse]] that Merry used, could do them any great damage.<ref>{{RK|Battle}}, pp. 842-4</ref> Any blades that pierced the Witch-king were destroyed.<ref name=Flight/>{{rp|198}}

[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Attack of the Wraiths.jpg|thumb|''The Attack of the Wraiths'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]

The Nazgûl existed mostly in the [[Unseen|wraith-world]] and required their cloaks to give them form during their interactions with the living.<ref name=MeetingsTwo/> When their steeds and disguises were destroyed, they were forced to return to Sauron to receive new ones.<ref name=Disguises/>

The Nazgûl had poor vision in the world of light, but they were aware of the presence of other beings, and their perception grew stronger in the dark. They could detect living things by the smell of their blood, and they were drawn by the Ring.<ref name=knife/>{{rp|189}} They could also see beings with a presence in the wraith world, such as the wearer of the One Ring, as well as certain powerful Elves with control over the [[Unseen]], such as [[Glorfindel]]. Anyone who could see into the wraith world could see the Nazgûl, as Frodo did on Weathertop<ref name=MeetingsTwo/> and at the Ford of Bruinen.<ref name=FlightPage>{{FR|Flight}}, p. 214</ref>

The [[Witch-king]] could also affect objects and people with his power, striking Frodo dumb and shattering the dagger that Frodo had gotten in the [[Barrow-downs]] by raising his hand,<ref name=FlightPage/> and weakening both hearts and stone with terrifying words of power while attacking the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith|Gate]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He also caused flames to run along his sword.<ref name=Siege/>{{rp|828-9}} Whether other Nazgûl could perform similar feats is unknown.

==Identities==
Only a few of the Nazgûl are named or identified individually. Their leader was the [[Witch-king|Witch-king of Angmar]], and his second in command was named [[Khamûl]]. Khamûl was a lord of [[Easterlings]],<ref name=Black>{{UT|Black}}</ref> and was the only Nazgûl known by his name. Three of them were [[Númenóreans]].<ref name=Akallabeth/>

==Etymology==
''Nazgûl'' means "ringwraiths" in the [[Black Speech]]. It is a compound of ''[[nazg]]'' ("ring") and ''[[gûl]]'' ("[evil] spirit under control of Sauron").<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry B '''Nazgûl''', p. 79</ref>

==Other names==
Among their many names and titles were: the Ringwraiths,<ref name=Shadow>{{FR|Shadow}}, p. 51</ref> the Black Riders,<ref>{{FR|Three}}, p. 80</ref> the Fell Riders,<ref>{{RK|MT}}, p. 764</ref> the Nine Riders,<ref>{{FR|Flight}}, p. 214</ref> the Nine,<ref name=Shadow/> the Nine Servants of the Lord of the Rings,<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}, p. 261</ref> the Black Wings,<ref>{{TT|Gate}}, p. 646</ref> Winged Messenger(s),<ref>{{TT|White}}, p. 498</ref> the Shadows,<ref name=HousesPage>{{RK|Houses}}, p. 864</ref> and the Shriekers<ref>{{RK|Shadow}}, p. 925</ref>.

An [[Elvish]] name given for the Ringwraiths is '''''Úlairi'''''.<ref name=Rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Akallabeth}}, p. 153 (§30)</ref> Linguists have remarked that it is a [[Quenya]] plural name of unknown meaning and etymology.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/eng-quen.rtf|articlename=English-Quenya Wordlist (Quettaparma Quenyanna)|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=25 June 2011}}</ref><ref>[[Ruth S. Noel]], ''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]''</ref> [[Michael Martinez]], analysing the word, has tentatively suggested that:

{{blockquote| ''Úlairi'' is a compound formed from ''Ú'' + ''lai'' + ''ri'' with probable meaning of "un (bad or immoral)" + "shadow" + "ones". In other words, the name may mean something like "those who are in/of unnatural shadow".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Michael Martinez]]|articleurl=http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2014/08/15/what-is-the-literal-translation-of-ulairi/|articlename=What is the Literal Translation of Úlairi?|dated=15 August 2014|website=[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/ middle-earth.xenite.org]|accessed=16 August 2014}}</ref>}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The first appearance of a Black Rider in Tolkien's drafts was actually a disguised [[Gandalf]] who scared the Hobbits on their way to Rivendell, before revealing himself.<ref>{{RS|Hobbiton}}</ref>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
{{Gallery
|title=Nazgûl in adaptations
|height=150
|width=200
|lines=3
|File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Ringwraiths.jpg|Four of the Nazgûl on horseback in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
|File:The Return of the King (1980 film) - Ringwraith.jpg|A Ringwraith in [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]
|File:War in Middle Earth - Nazgul 2.png|A Nazgûl from ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Ringwraiths.jpg|The Nazgûl in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Nazgûl.jpg|The Nine in '[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Nazgûl.jpg|The Nazgûl attack [[Sarn Ford]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''.
}}

===Films===
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Nine are clad in brown and black, and have red eyes. The attack on ''[[The Prancing Pony]]'' is their deed, not that of any accomplices. After the attack, they cast off their hoods, revealing the black armour and hideous masks they wear beneath their cloaks.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]
:The Nine are skull headed demons, who ride winged horses. The [[Witch-king]] himself rides a dragon-like creature, and has no face. Only a suspended crown and two red eyes can be seen. The Nazgûl have the [[Red Eye]] of [[Barad-dûr]] rather than the emblem of [[Minas Morgul]].

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:The Nazgûl serve as the main antagonists in the first half of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|the first film]]. Their dialogue is changed; the conversation with [[Hamfast Gamgee]] is omitted, and the conversation with [[Farmer Maggot]] is reduced. In the [[Unseen]], they are pale white ghostly creatures.

:After the death of the Witch-king in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|the third film]], the other eight are taken out by [[Eagles]] and debris from [[Mount Doom]], however, nothing is told of their individual fates.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series) ]]:'''
:The Witch-king and the other Ringwraiths were buried in a dungeon in the [[High Fells of Rhudaur]] after the [[Battle of Fornost|fall]] of Angmar. The Witch-king initially appears in Dol Guldur, where he briefly fights [[Radagast]] with his Morgul-blade; he drops it and Radagast takes it, ultimately bringing it to [[Gandalf]], who then shows to the [[White Council]] in [[Rivendell]]. Later, Gandalf, following Galadriel's advice, visits the High Fells and discovers that the Nazgûl's cells were empty, broken open from the inside. Through this investigation, he is convinced that the Necromancer in Dol Guldur is indeed Sauron.

:During the [[Attack on Dol Guldur]] they appeared in armour, ghostly versions of their mortal forms. The Nine do battle with Galadriel, [[Saruman]], and Elrond. During the confrontation between Galadriel and Sauron, their living forms seem to [[Unseen|phase in and out of reality]] as holograms. Eventually they are driven to Mordor, with their master following suit.

===Television===
'''1993: [[Hobitit|''Hobitit'']]:'''
:The Nine are featured in this adaptation through CGI as a passing shadow with their winged steed.They do not speak at all.

===Radio series===
'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:The role of the Ringwraiths was expanded with material from ''[[The Hunt for the Ring]]''.

===Games===
'''1977: [[War of the Ring (1977 board game)|''War of the Ring'' (board game)]]:'''
:The Nazgûl are present in this game. The Witch-king is the most powerful character available to the Sauron player. The second most powerful is identified as [[Gothmog]].

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:The name of the eight, other than Khamûl, are given as ''Er-Mûrazôr'' (the [[Witch-king]], of Númenórean race), ''Dendra Dwar of Waw'', ''Jí Indûr Dawndeath'', ''Akhôrahil'' (Númenórean), ''Hôarmûrath of Dír'', ''Adûnaphel'' (female Númenórean), ''Ren the Unclean'' and ''Ûvatha Achef the Horseman''.<ref>{{ICE|Mannish}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|Angus}}</ref>

'''1995: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
:The Nazgûl appear as hazard cards within ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards]]''. Their names are identical to those used in Middle-Earth Role Playing, except for the Witch-king, who is referred to only as the Witch-king of Angmar.

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:The Nazgûl are portrayed as black figures with red eyes and purple mantle.

'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''
:All the Nazgûl are named - The Witch-king of [[Angmar]], The Dark Marshal, Khamûl The [[Easterlings|Easterling]], The Betrayer, The Shadow Lord, The Undying, The [[Dwimmerlaik]], The Tainted and The Knight of [[Umbar]]. Versions based on their depiction in ''The Hobbit'' trilogy retain the Witch-king and Khamûl; however, the remaining seven are dubbed the Dark Headsman, the Forsaken, the Lingering Shadow, and two pairs known as the Abyssal Knights and the Slayers of Men.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Black Riders form a threat in the Shire-stages of the game, where they need to be avoided by the player (in the persona of [[Frodo Baggins]]), and as the end boss for the game (in the persona of [[Aragorn]]). They are tall and robed in black, and nothing is seen underneath.

'''2001-7: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:The Nazgûl, other than the Witch-king, are given [[Neo-Elvish|Neo-Quenya]] titles based on their numbers, and various English titles:
:*Úlairë Attëa (from ''[[atta]]'' = 2); Black Predator, Keeper of [[Dol Guldur]], Second of the Nine Riders, The Easterling.
:*Úlairë Nelya (from ''[[neldë]]'' = 3); Black Hunter, Lieutenant of Morgul, Third of the Nine Riders
:*Úlairë Cantëa (from ''[[canta]]'' = 4); Black Assassin, Lieutenant of Dol Guldur, Fourth of the Nine Riders
:*Úlairë Lemenya (from ''[[lempe]]'' = 5); Black Enemy, Lieutenant of Morgul, Fifth of the Nine Riders
:*Úlairë Enquëa (from ''[[enquë]]'' = 6); Black Threat, Lieutenant of Morgul, Sixth of the Nine Riders
:*Úlairë Ostëa [''sic'', later corrected to Úlairë Otsëa] (from ''[[otso]]'' = 7); Black Specter, Lieutenant of Morgul, Seventh of the Nine Riders
:*Úlairë Toldëa (from ''[[tolto]]'' = 8); Black Shadow, Messenger of Morgul, Eighth of the Nine Riders
:*Úlairë Nertëa (from ''[[nertë]]'' = 9); Black Horseman, Messenger of Dol Guldur, Ninth of the Nine Riders.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://forum.barrowdowns.com/showthread.php?t=801|articlename=Naming the Nazgul|dated=|website=[http://forum.barrowdowns.com/index.php? Forum.Barrowdowns.com]|accessed=31 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tradecardsonline.com/im/selectCard/game_id/1/goal/|articlename=Lord Of The Rings (search function)|dated=|website=[http://www.tradecardsonline.com/ Trade Cards Online]|accessed=31 July 2012}}</ref>

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:The Mordor faction has two different Nazgûl units: "Witch-king on Fell Beast" and "Nazgûl on Fell Beast". They are primarily used for scouting and surprise attacks.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:A new Ringwraith is introduced in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. Morgomir is the "Lieutenant of Carn-Dûm", the right-hand man of the Witch-king, of [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]] descent. The design is similar to that in [[Peter Jackson]]'s films: he is hooded and cloaked when he works for the [[Mordor]] faction, and white and ghostly when he fights for Angmar.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Nazgûl appear throughout the game. Three are Easterlings: "The Bane of Rhûn", "The Woe of Khand", and "The Cursed Rider"; three are [[Haradrim]]: "The Grim Southron", "The High Sorcerer of Harad", and "The Forsaken Reaver"; and three are of Númenórean origin: "The Black Blade of Lebennin", "The Gloom of Nurn", and the Witch-king of Angmar. The Nazgûl are also given the [[Sindarin]] name "Gwatharan" (pl. "Gwetherain").

:Early in the game one of the Nine wounds a [[Dúnedain]] ranger, Amdir, with a [[Morgul-knife|Morgul blade]], who is later transformed into a Wraith himself, despite the best efforts of Free Peoples. Later, the player attempts to resist the troubles the Nine are spreading in Bree-Land. During the Fellowship's stay in [[Lothlórien]], the [[Galadhrim]] Elves launch a military strike against [[Dol Guldur]], to draw the attention of the Eye from the company departing down the Shores of Anduin. During their travel down the waters of the Great River, Legolas shot and killed a fell shadow in the sky, not knowing it to be a Nazgûl. The player is later able to find the corpse of the fell beast in the [[Brown Lands]] and it becomes clear that a Nazgûl is not far. At night, the Wraith ambushes the player who manages to drive him away with the use of fire.

:During the Battle of the Pelennor, the Witch-king plays the role as described in the books. The High Sorcerer of Harad and the Woe of Khand guard the way to Gothmog in the raid instance "Throne of the Dread Terror", and the Forsaken Reaver is found at the end of the "Quays of the [[Harlond (Gondor)|Harlond]] instance, in which he attempts to prevent Aragorn and his host from joining the battle. The Gloom of Nurn confronts the players at the conclusion of "The Silent Street" instance, as he attempts to reclaim the crown of Eärnur among the tombs of Gondor's kings and stewards.

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:In the Evil Campaign, the Eight Nazgûl bring the Witch-King back to life after Sauron reclaims the One Ring.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:The Nazgûl appear in a flashback during the prologue of the game, in which they attack the [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] at [[Sarn Ford]], the entrance of [[the Shire]]. Later in the flashback their leader, the [[Witch-king]], speaks with [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref>

'''2014: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'':'''
:Although the Nazgûl do not appear in the game, they are mentioned many times within it.

'''2017: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]'':'''
:The Nazgûl are featured in the game. Besides the [[Witch-king]] and [[Khamûl]] the other Nazgûl are:

:*[[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]], the king of Rohan who fell into darkness after receiving a Ring of Power from Sauron and Celebrimbor, and in his rage he was turned into a Nazgûl.
:*[[Talion]], who succumbed into the power of the Ring.
:*[[Isildur]], whose body was found by Orcs. He was revived by Sauron after receiving a Ring of Power; he was eventually freed by Talion who took his place amongst the Nazgûl.
:*Suladân, an original character, who was once a Númenórean king.
:*The Nazgûl Sisters, also original characters, known as Riya and Yuka, who stole their Rings from the other Nazgûl and took their places.

==See also==
* The [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]]
* [[Khamûl]]

==External links==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2014/01/29/what-is-the-history-of-the-nazgul/ What is the History of the Nazgul?] by [[Michael Martinez]]
*[http://www.zarkanya.net/Tolkien/origins_of_Nazgul.htm Origins of the Nazgûl and the Downfall of Númenor] by Alcuin

{{references|note}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazgul}}
[[Category:Black Speech words]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Nazgûl]]
[[Category:Undead]]
[[de:Nazgûl]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/nazgul]]
[[fi:Sormusaaveet]]

List of Tolkien-related podcasts

2024-05-26T18:08:23Z

TheRedBook: Podcast has been deleted

{{Seealso|:Category:Podcasts}}
This page is a '''list of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]-related podcasts.

{| style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" cellpadding="5px" class="TGtable sortable"
!style="background: #F2E6CE;"|Name
!style="background: #F2E6CE;"|Producer
!style="background: #F2E6CE;"|Activity
!style="background: #F2E6CE;"|Availability
!style="background: #F2E6CE;width:40%;"|Description
|-
|''[[A Casual Stroll to Mordor]]''
|[[Middle-earth Network]]
|Inactive
|[http://radio.mymiddleearth.com/category/casualstrolltomordor Website]
|A podcast about the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''.
|-
|''[[Amon Sûl (podcast)|Amon Sûl]]''
|[http://ancientfaith.com Ancient Faith Radio]
|Active
|[http://tolkienpodcast.com/ Website], [http://feeds.ancientfaith.com/AmonSul RSS Feed]
|A podcast about Tolkien's life and works from an Orthodox Christian perspective, hosted by Orthodox Archpriest Andrew Stephen Damick.
|-
|''[[LOTRO Quest]]''
|[[Middle-earth Network]]
|Inactive
|[http://lotroquest.mymiddleearth.com/ Website]
|A podcast for people that play ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' to join a quest and have their teamspeak chats turned into a podcast.
|-
|''[[Middle-earth Minutes]]''
|[[Middle-earth Network]]
|Inactive
|[http://middleearthminutes.mymiddleearth.com/ Website]
|A father and son podcasting team discuss news and all things J.R.R. Tolkien.
|-
|''[[Middle-earth Network Specials]]''
|[[Middle-earth Network]]
|Inactive
|[http://menetspecials.mymiddleearth.com/ Website], [http://feeds.feedburner.com/MeNetSpecials RSS Feed]
|Podcasts from the [[Middle-earth Network]] with special guests.
|-
|''[[Middle-earth Talk Radio]]''
|Middle-earth Radio
|Active
|[http://www.middle-earthtalk.com/ Website]
|[[Michael Martinez]] and [[Hawke Robinson]] discuss topics related to [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].
|-
|''Queer Lodgings: A Tolkien Podcast''
|Queer Lodgings Podcast
|Active
|[https://www.queerlodgings.com Website]
|A group of fans and scholars, discussing Middle-earth from a lgbtq+-focused, intersectional, antiracist, and non-christian perspective.
|-
|''[[Riddles in the Dark (podcast)|Riddles in the Dark]]''
|[[Mythgard Institute]] and [[Middle-earth Network]]
|Active
|[http://www.mythgard.org/exclusives/riddles-in-the-dark/ Website]
|[[Corey Olsen]] and Dave Kale (and Trish Lambert) discuss the forthcoming [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]].
|-
|''[[Secrets of The Hobbit]]''
|[http://sqpn.com/ SQPN.com]
|Inactive
|[http://thehobbit.sqpn.com/ Website]
|Fr Roderick and Dave Kale discuss news of the forthcoming [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]].
|-
|''[[Silver Leaves (podcast)|Silver Leaves]]''
|[[Silver Leaves]], [[the White Tree Fund]]
|Inactive
|[http://whitetreefund.org/multimedia/silver-leaves-podcast/ Website]
|A podcast from the journal team of ''[[Silver Leaves]]''.
|-
|''Sith Lord of the Rings''
|Sith Lord of the Rings
|Active
|[https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/sith-lord-of-the-rings/id1451381354?mt=2 RSS Feed]
|Weekly news and discussion podcast covering Star Wars, Middle-earth, and much more.
|-
|''[[The Council of Westmarch]]''
|[[Middle-earth Network]]
|Inactive
|[http://cofwestmarch.mymiddleearth.com/ Website]
|A podcast by a Montana, United States, area Tolkien fan community.
|-
|''[[The Founders' Inklings]]''
|[[Middle-earth Network]]
|Inactive
|[http://tfi.mymiddleearth.com/ Website], [http://feeds.feedburner.com/FoundersInklings RSS Feed]
|A podcast by the founders of the [[Middle-earth Network]].
|-
|''[[The Legendarium Podcast]]''
|[http://www.thelegendariumpodcast.com/thelordoftherings/ TheLegendariumPodcast.com]
|Active
|[http://thelegendariumpodcast.com/ Website], [http://thelegendarium.podbean.com/feed/ RSS Feed]
|A podcast by one Tolkien expert and one Tolkien newcomer. Book-club style, taking it chapter-by-chapter. Also with a Silmarillion series.
|-
|''[[The Secrets of Middle-earth]]''
|[http://sqpn.com/ SQPN.com]
|Inactive
|[http://middleearth.sqpn.com/ Website]
|A podcast, hosted by Fr Roderick, discussing all things [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].
|-
|''[[Speak Friend and Enter]]''
|Leah Weiss
|Active
|[http://www.speakfriendpod.com Website], [http://www.speakfriendpod.com/feed.xml RSS Feed]
|A weekly podcast that uses [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s books to fill in the Lord of the Rings movies' gaps.
|-
|''[[Tolkien and Old Norse]]''
|Brent Landon
|Inactive
|[http://aldasaga.com/ Website], [http://www.aldasaga.com/rss.xml RSS Feed]
|A podcast about the [[Old Norse]] influences on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].
|-
|''Tolkien at Oxford''
|[http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/ University of Oxford Podcasts]
|Irregular
|[http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/tolkien-oxford Website]
|Podcasts that explore the relationship between J.R.R. Tolkien and Oxford University, where he both studied and worked.

|-
|''[[The Prancing Pony Podcast]]''
|[[Alan Sisto]] and [[Shawn E. Marchese]]
|Active
|[https://theprancingponypodcast.com/home/ Website]
|A weekly podcast about the Middle-earth Legendarium of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

|-
|''[[The Rings of Power Wrap-up]]''
|[[Alan Sisto]], [[James Tauber]], [[Sara Brown]]
|Active
|[https://ringswrapup.com/ Website]
|Podcast about [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]].

|-
|''[[The Texas Tolkien Talk Podcast]]''
|Chad High and Chad Bornholdt
|Active
|[http://www.TexasTolkien.com/ Website], [https://feeds.buzzsprout.com/1794710.rss/ RSS Feed]
|Multiple-Guest-Driven Panel Discussions where YOU can lead an episode.
|-
|''Lore of the Rings''
|Aaron Airmet
|Active
|[https://redcircle.com/shows/a7304417-1713-4239-8d0f-996ff4e2c174 Website], [https://feeds.redcircle.com/a7304417-1713-4239-8d0f-996ff4e2c174 RSS Feed]
|Weekly, short podcast episodes that wander the world and works of Tolkien; including chapter by chapter reading guides on The Silmarillion and The Hobbit, connections to Peter Jackson's movies, Rings of Power breakdowns, and more.
|-}

[[Category:Lists]]
[[Category:Podcasts| ]]
|}

File:Ralph Damiani - The Vault.jpg

2024-05-26T15:25:10Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */

==Licensing==
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[[Category:Images by Ralph Damiani]]
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2024-05-26T15:24:21Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */

==Licensing==
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2024-05-26T15:23:45Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */

== Summary ==
==Licensing==
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[[Category:Images by Ralph Damiani]]

[[Category:Images of Alqualondë]]
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2024-05-26T15:23:05Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */

== Summary ==
== Licensing ==
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[[Category:Images by Ralph Damiani]]

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2024-05-26T15:22:29Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */

== Summary ==
==Licensing==
{{Copyright-commission|artist=[[Ralph Damiani]]|owner=[[Steven Gibb]]|artistweb=[https://ralphdamiani.artstation.com/ Artstation]|ownerweb=[https://www.youtube.com/@TheRedBook YouTube Channel]|permission=Steven Gibb}}
[[Category:Images by Ralph Damiani]]

[[Category:Images of Beren]]
[[Category:Images of Finrod]]
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File:Ralph Damiani - Glorfindel's Arrival.png

2024-05-26T15:21:41Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */

== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-commission|artist=[[Ralph Damiani]]|owner=[[Steven Gibb]]|artistweb=[https://ralphdamiani.artstation.com/ Artstation]|ownerweb=[https://www.youtube.com/@TheRedBook YouTube Channel]|permission=Steven Gibb}}
[[Category:Images by Ralph Damiani]]

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2024-05-26T15:20:44Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */

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2024-05-26T15:19:21Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */

== Summary ==
==Licensing==
{{Copyright-commission|artist=[[Ralph Damiani]]|owner=[[Steven Gibb]]|artistweb=[https://ralphdamiani.artstation.com/ Artstation]|ownerweb=[https://www.youtube.com/@TheRedBook YouTube Channel]|permission=Steven Gibb}}
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File:Ralph Damiani - A Song of Wizardry.jpg

2024-05-26T15:17:50Z

TheRedBook: /* Licensing */I commissioned this piece. Ralph's page showing this artwork mentions my YouTube channel.

== Summary ==
==Licensing==
{{Copyright-commission|artist=[[Ralph Damiani]]|owner=[[Steven Gibb]]|artistweb=[https://ralphdamiani.artstation.com/ Artstation]|ownerweb=[https://www.youtube.com/@TheRedBook YouTube Channel]|permission=Steven Gibb}}
[[Category:Images by Ralph Damiani]]

[[Category:Images of Finrod]]
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Tolkien Gateway:Copyrights/Steven Gibb

2024-05-26T15:17:38Z

TheRedBook: I have given permission to use images I have commissioned if credit is given alongside the artist Ralph Damiani

*[[Steven Gibb]] has kindly granted their permission to use illustrations they have commissioned on [[Tolkien Gateway]].
*Date: [[May 26]]th, [[2024]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kilpatrick, Joel}}
[[Category:Evidence of permission granted by copyright holders]]

Websites

2024-05-18T22:12:24Z

TheRedBook: /* Independent YouTube channels */ Articles like "the", "a", and "an" should be ignored when sorting alphabetically.

{{stub}}
This page serves as a guide to many of the useful '''websites''' concerning [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and his [[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|works]]. It is also an archive to many of the websites lost in the past.

==Official associations==
===Tolkien Estate===
*[[Tolkien Estate]] — https://www.tolkienestate.com/
*[[Tolkien Trust]] — https://www.tolkientrust.org/

===Publishers===
*[[HarperCollins]] — https://www.harpercollins.com/blogs/authors/jrr-tolkien
**HarperCollins UK — https://harpercollins.co.uk/blogs/authors/jrr-tolkien
*[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] —
*[[Bodleian Library]] — https://archives.bodleian.ox.ac.uk

===Universities===
*Marquette
*Bodleian
*Oxford

==Related to the legendarium==
===Wikis and references===
*[[Tolkien Gateway]] — https://tolkiengateway.net/
*The Thain's Book — https://thainsbook.minastirith.cz/
*[[Encyclopedia of Arda]] — https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/
*Henneth Annun Research Center — http://henneth-annun.net/
*The Lord of the Rings Wiki — https://lotr.fandom.com/

===Bibliographies===
*[https://www.tolkienbooks.net/ TolkienBooks.net]
*[https://www.tolkienbooks.us/ TolkienBooks.us]
*[[Åke Bertenstam]]'s bibliography https://www.forodrim.org/bibliography/

===Book collecting and trading===
*Tolkien Library https://tolkienlibrary.com/
*Tolkien Collector's Guide https://www.tolkienguide.com/

===Linguistics===
*Amanye Tenceli — https://at.boktypografen.se/
*[[Ardalambion]] — http://ardalambion.net/
*[[Eldamo]] — https://eldamo.org/
*[[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]] — https://www.elvish.org/
*World Linguistic Association (WELA) — https://www.facebook.com/eldalambe
*Lambendili (Spanish TS) — http://lambendili.sociedadtolkien.org/

==Fan organizations==
===[[Tolkien Societies]]===
*[[The Tolkien Society]] — https://www.tolkiensociety.org/
*[[Spanish Tolkien Society]] — https://www.sociedadtolkien.org/

===News?===
*[[TheOneRing.net]] — https://www.theonering.net/

===Fanzines?===

===Adaptations?===

===Other media? - games, [[podcasts]] ... ===

==Tools==
===Indexes and references===
*[[Digital Tolkien Project]] — https://digitaltolkien.com/
*Tolkien Art Index — https://tai.tolkienists.org/

==Independent YouTube channels==
*Ælfwine's Road — https://www.youtube.com/@lfwinesroad3399
*[[Darth Gandalf]] — https://www.youtube.com/@DarthGandalfYT
*GirlNextGondor — https://www.youtube.com/@GirlNextGondor
*[[Jess of the Shire]] — https://www.youtube.com/@Jess_of_the_Shire
*The Red Book — https://www.youtube.com/@TheRedBook
*Tales of the Rings — https://www.youtube.com/@TalesoftheRings
*[[Tea with Tolkien]] — https://www.youtube.com/@teawithtolkien

[[Category:Websites]]

Websites

2023-08-24T15:17:50Z

TheRedBook: Added The Red Book channel to YouTube channel list

{{stub}}
This page serves as a guide to many of the useful '''websites''' concerning [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and his [[Index:Writings by J.R.R. Tolkien|works]]. It is also an archive to many of the websites lost in the past.

==Official associations==
===Tolkien Estate===
*Tolkien Trust?

===Publishers===
*HarperCollins
*Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
*Bodleian Library

===Universities===
*Marquette
*Bodleian
*Oxford

==Related to the legendarium==
===Wikis and references===
*[[Tolkien Gateway]] — https://tolkiengateway.net/
*[[Encyclopedia of Arda]] — https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/
*The Lord of the Rings Wiki — https://lotr.fandom.com/

===Bibliographies===
*tolkienbooks.net
*tolkienbooks.us
*www.forodrim.org/bibliography

===Book collecting and trading===
*tolkienlibrary.com
*tolkienguide.com

===Linguistics===
*Amanye Tenceli — https://at.boktypografen.se/
*[[Ardalambion]] — http://ardalambion.net/
*[[Eldamo]] — https://eldamo.org/
*[[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]] — https://www.elvish.org/
*WELA — https://www.facebook.com/eldalambe
*Lambendili (Spanish TS) — http://lambendili.sociedadtolkien.org/

==Fan organizations==
===[[Tolkien Societies]]===
*[[The Tolkien Society]] — https://www.tolkiensociety.org/

===Fanzines?===

===Adaptations?===

===Other media? - games … ===

==Tools==
===Indexes and references===
*[[Digital Tolkien Project]] — https://digitaltolkien.com/
*Tolkien Art Index — https://tai.tolkienists.org/

==Independent YouTube channels==
*Ælfwine's Road — https://www.youtube.com/@lfwinesroad3399
*[[Darth Gandalf]] — https://www.youtube.com/@DarthGandalfYT
*GirlNextGondor — https://www.youtube.com/@GirlNextGondor
*Part Time Hobbit — https://www.youtube.com/@parttimehobbit
*Tales of the Rings — https://www.youtube.com/@TalesoftheRings
*The Red Book - https://www.youtube.com/@TheRedBook

{{References}}
[[Category:Websites]]