https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Tolkienator&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T01:52:11ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Surprise_attack_on_Umbar&diff=386019Surprise attack on Umbar2024-02-15T04:09:28Z<p>Tolkienator: Tweaks to the arrangement</p>
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<div>{{unnamed}}<br />
{{battle<br />
|image=[[Image:John Howe - Corsairs of Umbar.jpg|300px]]<br />
|name=Surprise attack on Umbar<br />
|conflict=[[Corsair Wars]]<br />
|date={{TA|2980}}<br />
|place=[[Umbar]]<br />
|result=Victory for the [[Gondorians]]<br />
* Destruction of large part of the [[Corsair]] ships<br />
|side1=[[Gondorians]]<br />
|side2=[[Corsairs of Umbar]]<br />
|commanders1=[[Thorongil]]<br />
|commanders2=[[Captain of the Haven]]†<br />
|forces1=Unknown<br />
|forces2=Unknown<br />
|casual1=Few<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
|casual2=Unknown, [[Captain of the Haven]]|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''surprise attack on Umbar''' was a battle that took place in {{TA|2980}} upon the waters and quays of the [[Umbar|Haven of Umbar]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prelude===<br />
During the reign of [[Ecthelion II]], the [[Ruling Steward]] of Gondor, [[Thorongil]] arrived at his court and advised action against the seafaring [[Corsair]]-state of [[Umbar]] which was a grave threat to the [[Southern Fiefs]] of [[Gondor]] in case [[Sauron]] declared open war.<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Battle===<br />
In {{TA|2980|n}}, when all was prepared, Thorongil led his small fleet into the Haven of Umbar and catching the Corsairs unprepared and unaware, they burned and destroyed a large proporton of their ships. During the battle, Thorongil overthrew the [[Captain of the Haven]] upon the quays, and then withdrew his forces with little loss.<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Aftermath===<br />
Thorongil would have received much praise and honor for his victory, but when the returning victors reached [[Pelargir]] he refused to return to [[Minas Tirith]], said farewell to his companions and went on alone; and when he was last seen he was headed toward the [[Ephel Dúath|Mountains of Shadow]]. This Thorongil turned out to be the young [[Aragorn Elessar|Aragorn II]].<ref name="Gondor" /><br />
<br />
The threat of [[Umbar]] was diminished. During the [[War of the Ring]], Umbar had not fully recovered from surprise attack, but could still send a massive [[Black Ships|force]]: 50 "great ships" and a number of smaller vessels "beyond count" to raid the coastlands of Gondor and draw off major forces from the defence of [[Minas Tirith]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Black_N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=386018Black Númenóreans2024-02-15T03:24:19Z<p>Tolkienator: Just some small edits and rearrangements</p>
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<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Black Númenóreans<br />
| image=[[File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|Black Númenóreans]]" by Brian Durfee<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Sauronians<ref name=letter>{{L|156}}</ref><br />
| origin=[[Númenóreans]] seduced and corrupted by [[Sauron]]<br />
| location=The southern lands of [[Middle-earth]], and especially [[Umbar]]<br />
| affiliation=[[King's Men]], [[Sauron]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Exiles of Númenor]], [[Gondorians]]<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Westron]]<br />
| members=[[Herumor]], [[Fuinur]], [[Berúthiel]], [[The Mouth of Sauron]]<br />
| lifespan=<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Black Númenóreans''' emerged from the [[King's Men]] party;<ref name=Gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> they were cruel oppressors and overlords over the primitive [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]]. Since they were colonising the continent, they survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]] but swiftly diminished.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{main|King's Men}}<br />
The [[Númenóreans]]' power and knowledge had grown throughout the course of the [[Second Age]], and became increasingly preoccupied with the limits placed on their happiness—and eventually their power—by mortality, the purpose of which they began to question. They started fearing the [[Gift of Men]] and attempted to delay it or recall life. This growing wish to escape death made most of the Númenóreans envious of the immortal [[Eldar]], who they had come to physically resemble. The Eldar sought ever to remind the [[Men of Númenor]] however, that death was a gift of the One God, [[Ilúvatar]], to all men, and the will of Ilúvatar could not be gainsaid.<ref name=akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nevertheless, after {{SA|2221}}, when [[Tar-Ancalimon]] became [[King of Númenor]], the Númenóreans became divided. The [[King's Men]] turned away from the [[Valar]] and the Eldar and eventually became vulnerable to the corruption of [[Sauron]].<ref>{{L|211}}</ref><ref name=akallabeth/> <br />
<br />
Three of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] were powerful Númenórean lords corrupted by [[Sauron]].<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> 1000 years before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], they served [[Sauron]], being enslaved to his will, having become so because of their lust for power or knowledge.<br />
<br />
== Origin ==<br />
Many of the [[King's Men]] who had sailed to the shores and seaward regions in the south of [[Middle-earth]] and established fortresses and dwellings during [[Sauron]]'s sojourn in [[Númenor]] were already bent to the will of Sauron.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> As a consequence, the King's Men hated the followers of Elendil. Umbar was the northernmost stronghold of the King's Men.<ref name="Gondor" /><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
=== After the Downfall ===<br />
The King's Men were afterwards called the Black Númenóreans.<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
When Sauron returned to Middle-earth after the [[Downfall of Númenor]] many of the Black Númenóreans served him still. Two Black Númenóreans, [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]] rose to power among the [[Haradrim]] in the lands south of Mordor.<ref name=Rings/><br />
<br />
As [[Sauron]] was preparing to go to [[War of the Last Alliance|war]] against the [[Elves]] and [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]], he gathered great strength of his servants from the south, including many Black Númenóreans.<ref name=Rings/> <br />
<br />
The triumph of the [[Last Alliance]] marked the decline of the Black Númenórean race.<ref name=Gondor/> They dwindled swiftly or became merged with the [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Gondor/> Although their race dwindled, their descendants retained control over Umbar and inherited their hatred of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Although they had dwindled, few notable figures still claimed to be of the Black Númenórean race in later times. One of these was [[Berúthiel|Queen Berúthiel]], the "nefarious, solitary, and loveless" wife of [[Gondor|Gondor's]] King [[Tarannon Falastur]], who ruled from {{TA|830}} until {{TA|913}} who had her exiled from Gondor and her name erased from the Book of Kings.<ref name=Interview>{{webcite|author=[[Daphne Castell]]|articleurl=http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/inttolkien.html|articlename=The Realms of Tolkien|dated=|website=[http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/index.html ''Festival in the Shire Journal'', Issue 1]|accessed=7 May 2012}}</ref><ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[The Inklings (book)|The Inklings]]'', "Thursday evenings", pp. 137-8</ref><ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> <br />
<br />
In {{TA|933}}, [[Kings of Gondor|King]] [[Eärnil I]] captured [[Umbar]], driving the lords of Umbar into exile.<ref name=Gondor/> 82 years later, in {{TA|1015}}, these lords led the [[Haradrim]] in a siege of Umbar during which King [[Ciryandil]] of Gondor, the son of Eärnil I, was killed.<ref name=Gondor/><ref group="note">It is not known if these lords were Black Númenóreans. It seems plausible, because they were still alive in T.A. 1015, 82 years after they had been driven out from Umbar in T.A. 933, which suggests they had a considerable longevity reflective of Númenórean heritage.</ref><br />
<br />
Another more notable Black Númenórean was the [[Mouth of Sauron]]. He "entered the service of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] when it first rose again" and learned great sorcery and had forgotten his own name.<ref name="Gate">{{RK|Gate}}</ref><ref group=note>It has been noted that this reference is difficult to interpret; according to [[Appendix B]] the Dark Tower arose first some time after {{SA|3320}} and again in {{TA|2951}}. If the Mouth lived in the [[Second Age]], he would be one of the King's Men of Númenor, and probably prolonged his life with sorcery (cf. {{HM|Guide}}, p. 274); in the second interpretation he would serve [[Sauron]] only for 68 years, and this would make him a Black Númenórean of the Third Age of Umbar or [[Harad]]. The second interpretation is more feasible (and supported by [[Michael Martinez]]) but both have been considered.</ref> He mocked the army of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] in front of the [[Morannon]].<ref name="Gate"/><br />
<br />
At the time of [[Gandalf]]'s travels to Harad, the settlements of the Men of Númenor on the coasts in the south beyond [[Umbar]] had been absorbed or had been made by Men who had already been corrupted by Sauron in Númenor and had become hostile and parts of Sauron's dominions. The southern regions of Harad in touch with Gondor were probably more convertible to the resistance against Sauron, but also places where Sauron was busy to gather man-power for his wars against Gondor.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
The Black Númenóreans were "enamoured of evil knowledge" and worshipped [[Sauron]].<ref name="Gate"/> They also became enamoured of the Darkness and engaged in the black arts.<ref name=":0">{{TT|Window}}</ref> Some lived at ease and some fought among themselves until they were conquered by the lesser men whom they ruled.<ref name=":0" /> They hated the followers of Elendil and the realm of Gondor. After the fall of Sauron in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] their race dwindled swiftly or became merged with the Men of Middle-earth.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, footnote to the paragraph about King Eärnil I</ref> It is not known, whether this dwindling meant that their lifespan and knowledge dwindled like that of the Dúnedain of Gondor or that their numbers dwindled or perhaps both.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Black Númenórean.jpg|thumb|A typical Black Númenórean in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Black Númenóreans are portrayed in service of the different Lieutenants of the Enemy. The ''Angmarim'' inhabit the lands surrounding [[Carn Dum]] in [[Angmar]] and serve [[Mordirith]] and later [[Amarthiel]]. Much later, ''Umbarrim'' Black Númenóreans make appearance in [[Dol Guldur]] of [[Mirkwood]]. When the lands of [[Mordor]] are explored following the downfall of [[Sauron]], Black Númenórean cultists known as ''Mordorrim'' are shown to be among its inhabitants.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:[[Agandaûr]], the game's main antagonist, is a Black Númenórean<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/enemies|articlename=Enemies|dated=|website=www.warinthenorth.com|accessed=15 February 2012}}</ref> as is the minor character [[Wulfrun]], lieutenant of [[Carn Dûm]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Black Númenóreans| ]]<br />
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]<br />
[[de:Schwarze Númenorer]]<br />
[[fi:Mustat númenorilaiset]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=High_King_(D%C3%BAnedain)&diff=385184High King (Dúnedain)2024-01-27T22:09:49Z<p>Tolkienator: Minor tweaks</p>
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<div>{{disambig-more|High King|[[High King (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Elendil and Sons.jpg|thumb|Abe Papakhian - ''Elendil and Sons'']]'''High King''' was a title used by the [[Dúnedain]] for their ultimate ruler. Normally, "High King" would refer to a king who ruled over other lesser kings and lords, but this is not necessarily the case with the High King of the Dúnedain. <br />
<br />
In [[Gil-galad's letter]], [[Tar-Meneldur]] the fifth King of [[Númenor]], was referred to as "High King",<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref> though he had no other rulers in his service.<ref group=note>Possibly the title refers to the King's overlordship over the colonists of [[Middle-earth]].</ref><br />
==Realms in Exile==<br />
The more common use of the title, though, came in the later [[Second Age]], with the establishment of the [[Realms in Exile]] in [[Middle-earth]]. In their earliest years, the Two Kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] were formed under the ultimate rule of one man, [[Elendil]], who dwelt in [[Annúminas]] as the High King. The South-kingdom of Gondor was ruled jointly by his sons, but only under his suzerainty.<br />
<br />
With Elendil's death against Sauron in the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]], his elder son [[Isildur]] inherited the High Kingship. Isildur ruled for only two years, though, before he too was lost in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]] before he could truly take up the rule of his twin realms.<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> <br />
===Decline===<br />
After Isildur's death, historical events conspired to separate the Two Kingdoms, each of which took Kings of their own. The High Kingship should in principle have fallen on the [[Heir of Isildur]] [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], but in practice Valandil became King of Arnor only, and had no power over the South-kingdom.<br />
<br />
In the mid-[[Third Age]], Gondor was left kingless; [[Arvedui]], as Isildur's heir, attempted to invoke the [[Law of Succession in Númenor]] to claim the throne of Gondor, thus becoming High King; the [[Council of Gondor]] voted against his claim.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Shortly after, both realms would lose their kingship.<br />
<br />
==Reign of Elessar==<br />
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Last Steward of Gondor.jpg|thumb|''The Last Steward of Gondor'' by [[:Category:Images by Rowena Morrill|Rowena Morrill]]]]<br />
Before the [[War of the Ring]], there had been no [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]] for 969 years,<ref>{{App|TA}}, T.A. 2050. Eärnur would disappear in Minas Morgul</ref> and no [[Kings of Arnor|King]] of a united [[Arnor]] for 2,158 years.<ref>{{App|TA}}, T.A. 861. Arnor split into three realms, eliminating the kingship of Arnor. Isildur's heirs would remain as Kings of Arthedain.</ref> After [[Sauron]]'s passing [[Aragorn]] the direct descendant and [[Heir of Isildur]], as well as [[Anárion]], through many generations, ascended to the throne of [[Gondor]].<br />
<br />
Aragorn took the title of '''King of the [[West]]'''<ref name=great/> also '''King of Gondor and Arnor''' and '''Lord of the [[Westlands]]''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] '''''Hîr i Mbair Annui'''''<ref>{{SD|XI}}, [[King's Letter]]</ref>) signifying his Kingship over all the [[Free peoples]] of the [[Westlands]], from the north to the south.<ref name=great>{{App|Great}}</ref> His rule of the West is therefore referred to as the [[Reunited Kingdom]].<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref><br />
<br />
Under his crown and protection were other kingdoms, like the [[Kingdom of Dale]] and the [[Kingdom Under the Mountain]].<ref name=great/><br />
{{references|note}}<br />
{{title}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish titles]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondorians&diff=384827Gondorians2024-01-18T01:26:25Z<p>Tolkienator: Minor tweaks</p>
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<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Gondorians<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Gondorian.jpg|250px]]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Liz Danforth - Gondorian.jpg|Gondorian]]" by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Men of Gondor, Stone-folk, Stonehouse-folk<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Gondor]]<ref group="note">Gondorians are descended from a mixture of [[Númenóreans]] and non-[[Númenóreans]]; namely [[Northmen]] refugees from [[Rhovanion]] and indigenous [[Men of the Mountains]].</ref><ref>{{L|64}}, also [[Letter 144]], [[Letter 256]]</ref><ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref name=gondor/><br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Black Númenóreans]], [[Corsairs of Umbar]], [[Easterlings]], [[Haradrim]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]] <br />
| members=[[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], [[Faramir]], [[Imrahil]], [[Borondir]]<br />
| lifespan=''[[#Lifespan|See below]]''<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Gondorians''' were the inhabitants of [[Gondor]]. The '''Dúnedain of Gondor''', also known as the '''Dúnedain of the South''', constituted the ruling class and nobility of [[Gondor]] being descendants of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] who established the South-Kingdom. The history of the Gondorians is extensively dominated by the actions of the Dúnedain of the South.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early history===<br />
In [[Númenor]]ean colonies and outposts, such as [[Belfalas]] and [[Pelargir]], there were many [[Faithful]], fully or partially of [[Númenórean]] blood, who descended from [[Númenor]].<ref name=rings/> The Númenóreans venturing north of Pelargir met Men who had already settled in valleys on either side of the [[White Mountains]], and classified them "[[Middle Men]]" due to their friendliness to the [[West]], and recognized as descendants of the Men who abjured the [[Shadow]].<ref name=atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> There were many men of mingled blood, descended from the [[Men of the Mountains|Men of]] the [[White Mountains]] during the [[Dark Years]].<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Departure from Gondor.jpg|thumb|''Departure from Gondor'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]]. Arriving at the [[Mouths of Anduin]], Elendil's sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], ascended the great river and founded the realm of Gondor. The colonists welcomed them and allied themselves with the founders of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> Elendil made the Faithful nobles of his kin who ruled Belfalas "[[Princes of Dol Amroth|Princes]]".<ref name="Cirion"/> Even the [[Pre-Númenóreans|non-Númenórean]] peoples, like the [[Men of the Mountains]], swore allegiance to Isildur.<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref><br />
<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], the [[Dúnedain]] were divided as the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] and the [[Dúnedain of the South|Dúnedain of Gondor]], following [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|the death of Isildur]] ({{TA|2}}). Isildur had relinquished the rule of Gondor to his nephew [[Meneldil]] who became the first [[King of Gondor]] to rule in his own right, and so the Gondorians became an independent people.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Men of Gondor were, from the beginning of their history, always more powerful and populous than their northern counterparts, the [[Men of Arnor]], in spite of their borders being impeded in the South and East.<ref name=atani/><br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
As the realm endured, the splendour of the Gondorians grew, until during the reign of [[Hyarmendacil I]] ({{TA|1050}}) it recalled the wealth and majesty of [[Númenor]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name="AppB"/> They built high towers, strong places, and havens of many ships; and many different peoples bowed to the [[Crown of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><br />
[[File:John Howe - The Watchful Peace.jpg|thumb|''The Watchful Peace'' by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
In the later [[Third Age]], the Gondorian blood became much mingled with that of other men, especially the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]]. King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], who himself had Northmannish blood, showed favour to the Northmen who supported him. The [[Kin-strife]] led to the loss of many Dúnedain. After his return from exile, many noble houses, including the royal [[House of Anárion]], became more mingled with the blood of [[Middle Men|"lesser" Men]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
The [[Great Plague]] decimated the Gondorians with many, including King [[Telemnar]] and his kin.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
After the reign of King [[Eärnur]], royal descendants among the Dúnedain of Gondor had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure Númenórean blood, or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new Kin-strife that would devastate the kingdom. Thus, by default, [[Mardil]] began the line of [[Ruling Stewards of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
During the rule of the [[Stewards]], the remaining Dúnedain of Gondor still defended the passage of the [[Anduin]] against the terrors of [[Minas Morgul]] and against all the enemies of the West.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], most Dúnedain of Gondor lived within [[Minas Tirith]] and in the townlands of the [[Pelennor]]. Many Dúnedain also lived in the royal lands of [[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], and [[Belfalas]], and others the southern fiefs, in the high vales of the mountain-borders, in [[Lossarnach]], or further south in [[Lebennin]].<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><ref name=languages/><ref name="Language">{{PM|Languages}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later history===<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their glory was restored.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Appearance and Traits===<br />
The Gondorians of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref><ref name="Minas Tirith"/> They were a proud and noble people, valiant in the face of hardhsip.<ref name="Minas Tirith"/> The Men of [[Gondor]] whose blood is more mingled with the people of the [[White Mountains]] (such as those of [[Lossarnach]]) were grim-faced, shorter, and somewhat swarthier than many others in [[Gondor]].<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><br />
<br />
===Lifespan===<br />
In the beginning of their history, the Dúnedain were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref name=languages/> After Gondor's numbers were replenished by lesser [[Northmen]] after the [[Kin-Strife]], the mingling did not at first hasten the waning of the Dúnedain, as had been feared, but it still proceeded little by little as it had before.<ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
After the fall of the [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]], the waning was much swifter in [[Gondor]] than in [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador/> In fact, [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]] the seventh [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] was the last Gondorian to live 150 years and after his time the life-span of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood waned more rapidly.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the lifespan of the Dúnedain of Gondor had waned to little greater than that of lesser men.<ref name=Healing/> Only few among the Gondorians passed 100 years with vigour, except in the more pure and noble houses.<ref name=Healing/><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Two Kingdoms]], the life-span of all [[Dúnedain]] (including those of Gondor) was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Skills===<br />
The original Gondorians brought extraordinary knowledge of stonework with them from [[Númenor]], and this skill was a vital part of the character of [[Gondor]] and its people. In the early years of the realm, the Gondorians worked to erect mighty cities and monuments throughout their new land. Their original capital at [[Osgiliath]] had great stone bridges spanned the [[Anduin]], as well as mighty houses and towers of stone.Other works marvellous and strong they built in the land in the days of their power, at the [[Argonath]], and at [[Aglarond]], and at [[Erech]]; and at [[Isengard]], they made the [[Orthanc|Pinnacle of Orthanc]] of unbreakable stone.<ref name=rings/> They also built great roads that ran both north and south of the [[White Mountains]].<ref>{{RK|Ride}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Gondorians were very skilled in the arts of healing and medicine, having preserved much wisdom of [[Númenor]].<ref name="Cirion"/> They were skilled in healing all such sickness [[Men]] were subject to.<ref name=Healing>{{RK|Houses}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Men of [[Gondor]] were noted for their great seafaring skills, especially naval warfare. They built navies and extended the sway of Gondor along the coasts west and south of the [[Mouths of Anduin]] for more than a thousand years.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
===Customs===<br />
The Dúnedain of the South married late in their life and had few children. Several of the [[Kings of Gondor]] were childless.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
Before a meal, the Gondorians had a little ritual called the [[Standing Silence]]: they looked towards the [[West]] in silence, towards [[Númenor]], and beyond to [[Aman]], and to that which is beyond Elvenhome.<ref>{{TT|Window}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondorian ships were usually black and silver in colour.<ref>{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed/|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|website=The Tolkien Society|accessed=5 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
The people of [[Minas Tirith]] used horses very little and they were rarely seen in their streets, save only those ridden by the errand-riders of their lord.<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
[[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the main language of the people of [[Gondor]]. An antique, more formal and terse, form of the Common Tongue was spoken by the Gondorians.<ref>{{App|Translation}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Many of the Men of Gondor could also speak the [[Elvish]] tongues, a notable distinction and characteristic among the [[Dúnedain of the South]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in early youth (by those claiming [[Númenórean]] descent) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood.<ref name="Elendil"/> It had changed very little since the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and though the Men of [[Gondor]] altered some of the sounds, they could still understand the [[Elves]] and be understood by them.<ref name="Elendil"/> [[Westron]] became used more and more by the Dúnedain of Gondor themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Sindarin]] was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] was used to be polite, especially in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Quenya]] was known to the learned of [[Gondor]], a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name="quenya"/><ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Gondor]] as well as all the [[Stewards]] until [[Mardil Voronwë]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=languages/><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> At the end of the [[Third Age]], there were more [[Men]] (those of [[Minas Tirith]] and its fiefs) that knew [[Quenya]] or spoke [[Sindarin]] than there were [[Elves]] (those of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lórien]]) who did either.<ref name="quenya"/> <br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Gondorians, or Gondorian Commoners, are one of the cultures, suitable for player characters, that are given a detailed description. The Gondorians contain varying degrees of blood from Dúnedain, [[Northmen]] and Men from [[Harad]] and [[Dunland]].<ref>{{ICE|2001}}, p. 168</ref><ref>{{ICE|2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Dúnedain of Arnor]]<br />
<br />
{{references|notes}}<br />
[[Category:Gondorians| ]]<br />
[[Category:Men]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Angmar_war&diff=375372Talk:Angmar war2023-06-16T03:45:45Z<p>Tolkienator: Tolkienator moved page Talk:Angmar war to Talk:Angmar War over redirect: "War" in the title should be capitalized!</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Talk:Angmar War]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Angmar_War&diff=375371Talk:Angmar War2023-06-16T03:45:45Z<p>Tolkienator: Tolkienator moved page Talk:Angmar war to Talk:Angmar War over redirect: "War" in the title should be capitalized!</p>
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<div>== Beginning ==<br />
<br />
This page is the template outline for the specifics of a very long conflict, which went on for centuries. --{{User:Theoden1/sig}} 05:40, 27 December 2009 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Will someone please expand on the Eotheod incursion? Can't seem to find it in the Appendices. --[[Special:Contributions/108.218.187.55|108.218.187.55]] 20:45, 14 April 2018 (UTC)</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_war&diff=375370Angmar war2023-06-16T03:45:45Z<p>Tolkienator: Tolkienator moved page Angmar war to Angmar War over redirect: "War" in the title should be capitalized!</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Angmar War]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_War&diff=375369Angmar War2023-06-16T03:45:45Z<p>Tolkienator: Tolkienator moved page Angmar war to Angmar War over redirect: "War" in the title should be capitalized!</p>
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<div>{{unnamed}}{{sources}}{{cleanup}}<br />
{{War<br />
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
| next=[[War of the Ring]]<br />
| name=Angmar war<br />
| image=<br />
| begin={{TA|1356}}<br />
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})<br />
| place=Throughout [[Eriador]] (last conflict occured in the upper [[Vales of Anduin]])<br />
| result=Victory for the [[Free Peoples]]<br />
*Destruction of [[Angmar]]<br />
*Ruin of the successor realms of [[Arnor]]<br />
*Remaining [[Northern Dúnedain]] become [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]]<br />
*The [[Eótheód]] settle the upper [[Vales of Anduin]]<br />
| battles= First Invasion of Angmar, [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], Weather Hills skirmishes, [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], Eótheód Incursion<br />
|side1=[[Men of Arnor]]<br>[[Gondorians]]<br>[[Men of the Vales of Anduin]]<br>[[Eotheod|Eótheód]]<br>Forces of [[Rivendell]]<br>[[Galadhrim]]<br>[[Elves of Lindon]]<br>[[Shire-hobbits]]<br />
|side2=Forces of [[Angmar]]<br />
|commanders1=<br />
* [[Argeleb I]]†<br />
* [[Arveleg I]]†<br />
* [[Araval]]<br />
* [[Araphor]]<br />
* [[Arvedui]] <br />
* [[Eärnur]]<br />
* [[Frumgar]]<br />
* [[Círdan]]<br />
* [[Elrond]]<br />
* [[Glorfindel]]<br />
|commanders2=<br />
* [[Witch-king of Angmar]] <br />
|}}<br />
<br />
The '''Angmar war''' was a centuries-long struggle between the [[Men of Arnor]] and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]]. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], due to tension between Eärendur's sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' of [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prelude===<br />
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']]<br />
During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), the realm of [[Angmar]] was established by the [[Witch-king]], beyond the [[Ettenmoors]], with the intention of weakening the Northern Dunedain. It was not yet known that the Witch-king was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain (which also extended into the upper [[Vales of Anduin]]) with [[Orcs]], evil Men, and fell creatures.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Early Conflicts===<br />
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan, this claim was recognized; however, Rhudaur resisted the claim for an evil lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance lay with Angmar, seized power since the Dúnedain there were few. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]], but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the forces of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Fall of Cardolan===<br />
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its ''palantír'' was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the [[last prince of Cardolan]] perished.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Fog on the Barrow-downs", pp. 144-5; Index, 'Cardolan, [[Last prince of Cardolan|last prince of]]' </ref> The remaining Dúnedain in Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Círdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was subdued for centuries.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire|the Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss, but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] with [[Elves of Lindon]] and [[Rivendell]] won a battle in [[Cardolan]] ({{TA|1851}})<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210</ref> but was unable to reoccupy it; in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Alliance with Gondor===<br />
Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Soon Ondoher was slain in battle and hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and chose [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] as their king. Eärnil nonetheless maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor's strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing its final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from [[Vales of Anduin]], under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Fall of the North-kingdom===<br />
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running out, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King's whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the ''palantíri'' of Fornost and Amon Sûl.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Defeat of Angmar===<br />
{{main|Battle of Fornost}}<br />
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]<br />
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king's palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor's strength. Once Círdan summoned the [[Elves of Lindon]] and what remained of the [[Men of Arnor]], the allied host marched across the [[Lune]] to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]. The Host came down from [[Hills of Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the forces of Angmar began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the forces of Angmar and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to [[Carn Dûm]] but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince [[Eärnur]]. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from [[Rivendell]] and the remnants of Angmar's army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay [[Eärnur]], but fled upon the appearance of [[Glorfindel]]. So utterly was the host of Angmar crushed that not a single Man or Orc of that realm remained west of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern [[Vales of Anduin]], and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, thus being the final act of the centuries-long conflict.<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Aftermath===<br />
The destruction brought about by the war left Eriador heavily depopulated and the North-kingdom in shambles. Arvedui's son [[Aranarth]] would not take any kingship but took the title of [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] for his people, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], were too few and took to a [[Ranger of the North|secretive, nomadic lifestyle]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The [[Shire-folk]] survived, though war swept over them and most of them fled into hiding. Afterwards in the peace that followed the Shire-folk ruled themselves and prospered. They chose a [[Thain]] to take the place of the King, and were content; though for a long time many still looked for the return of the [[King of Arnor|King]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the [[Men of Bree]], who called it [[Deadmen's Dike]]. Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] was [[Arnor]] and its great cities, [[Annúminas]] and [[Fornost Erain]], restored under King [[Aragorn II Elessar]].<ref>{{RK|VI7}}</ref><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.<ref>{{UT|9}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}<br />
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]<br />
[[Category:Wars]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dior&diff=374398Dior2023-05-31T21:04:53Z<p>Tolkienator: Status quo for pages is to only include patrilineal "House" descent. distaff is not important</p>
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<div>{{disambig-two|the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]|the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]]|[[Dior (Steward of Gondor)]]}}<br />
{{half-elf infobox<br />
| name=Dior<br />
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Descendants of Thingol 2.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Descendants of Thingol" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Aranel'', ''Eluchíl'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />
| titles=Thingol's Heir, [[King of Doriath]], [[Peredhel]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Ossiriand]], [[Doriath]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Doriathrin]]<br />
| birth={{FA|470}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Tol Galen]]<br />
| rule={{FA|503}} - {{FA|506|n}}<br />
| death={{FA|506}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Menegroth]], [[Second Kinslaying]]<br />
| age=36<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Bëor]]<br />
| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, half-[[Elves|Elf]]/half-[[Maia]] mother<br />
| parentage=[[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]<br />
| children=[[Elwing]], [[Eluréd]], [[Elurín]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=Presumably [[Aranrúth]]<ref name="NumenorUT">{{UT|3}}, note 2</ref><br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{Quote|He appeared as the fairest of all the children of the world, of threefold race: of the [[Edain]], and of the [[Eldar]], and of the [[Maiar]] of the Blessed Realm.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Ruin of Doriath]]"}}<br />
<br />
'''Dior''' was the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]], and the grandson and heir to the throne of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], [[King of Doriath]]. Dior was the first of the [[Peredhil]].<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 348</ref><ref>{{PM|Ros}}, p. 369</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Dior was born on the island of [[Tol Galen]] in [[East Beleriand]].<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref> When he was 27, he married [[Nimloth of Doriath]],<ref group=note>[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth's]] parentage is uncertain. She may have been the daughter of [[Galathil]], grandson of [[Elmo]], younger brother of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]. This would make Nimloth and Dior second cousins once removed.</ref> and took her back to live by the [[Lanthir Lamath]] waterfall at the base of the [[Blue Mountains]]. There, they had three children: [[Elwing]], [[Eluréd]], and [[Elurín]]. <br />
<br />
After [[Thingol]] was slain by the [[Dwarves]] who coveted the [[Nauglamír]], Dior with his father and a host of [[Green-elves]] of [[Ossiriand]] journeyed swiftly north to the river [[Ascar]] and fought the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] in the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]].<ref name=Doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{FA|503}}, he and his family went to [[Menegroth]] and restored the realm of [[Doriath]]. After the death of his parents, a lord of the [[Laiquendi]] came to [[Doriath]] bringing the [[Nauglamír]], which was worn by his mother. After mourning, he decided to wear it himself. When he placed the [[Nauglamír]] on himself, it sat lightly and he appeared as the fairest of three living races: [[Maiar]], [[Elves]], and [[Men]]. This news came to the [[Sons of Fëanor]], who came to [[Doriath]] with their followers, consumed by the [[Oath of Fëanor]].<ref name=Doriath/><br />
<br />
Dior managed to kill [[Celegorm]], and [[Caranthir]] and [[Curufin]] were also slain, but the kingdom of [[Doriath]] was destroyed. Dior and [[Nimloth]] were slain during the [[Second Kinslaying]], along with anyone trying to prevent the [[Sons of Fëanor]] from gaining the [[Silmaril]].<ref name=Doriath/> <br />
<br />
After the attack, the servants of [[Celegorm]] left [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]] in the forest to die. [[Elwing]], however, carrying the [[Nauglamír]], escaped with the remnant of the [[Iathrim|Elves of Doriath]] to the [[Havens of Sirion]].<ref name=Doriath></ref> Years later, she would wed [[Eärendil]] and together they would seek aid from [[Valinor]].<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], the name ''Dior'' is said to mean "successor" in [[Doriathrin]]. The name derives from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''ndeuro'' ("follower, successor"), from [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NDEW]].<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 375, entry "[[NDEW]]"</ref><br />
<br />
==Other names==<br />
Dior was first called '''''Aranel''''',<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref> probably [[Sindarin]] for ("Elf King"). <ref>{{HM|GS}}, p. 341</ref> Later he was called '''''Eluchíl''''' ("Heir of Elu") and '''the Fair'''.<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | THI |y| MEL | | HOB | | | |THI=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|HOB=[[House of Bëor]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | |:| | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT=[[Lúthien]]|BER=[[Beren]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO='''DIOR'''|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]<sup>1</sup>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELN |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ELD | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELD=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
===The Book of Lost Tales===<br />
<br />
In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', a name of Dior was '''''[[Ausir (disambiguation)|Ausir]]''''' ([[Gnomish|Gn.]] "The Wealthy").<ref>{{LT2|V}}, pp. 240, 244, 251</ref><ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 20</ref><br />
<br />
===Dior's Fate===<br />
In an older version of the ''Quenta Silmarillion'', [[Manwë]] spoke this judgment to [[Eärendil]]: <br />
{{blockquote|To Eärendel I remit the ban, and the peril that he took upon himself out of love for the Two Kindreds shall not fall on him; neither shall it fall upon Elwing who entered into peril for love of Eärendel: save only in this: they shall not ever walk again among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. Now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them; but in this matter the power of doom is given to me.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, Quenta Silmarillion}}<br />
<br />
[[Christopher Tolkien]] interprets it as that Dior would inherit his father's mortality, irrespective of his mother's nature and choice:<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, The Conclusion Of The Quenta Silmarillion, §9</ref><br />
{{blockquote|§9 It is to be observed that according to the judgement of Manwë Dior Thingol’s Heir, son of Beren, was mortal irrespective of the choice of his mother.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, The Conclusion Of The Quenta Silmarillion, §9}}<br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=halfelf<br />
| house=[[House of Bëor]]<br />
| born={{FA|470}}<br />
| died={{FA|506}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Thingol]]<br />
| list=2nd [[King of Doriath]]<br />
| dates={{FA|503}} – {{FA|506|n}}<br />
| next=[[Second Kinslaying|Kingdom destroyed]]<br />
| nvac=None<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Gnomish names]]<br />
[[Category:Half-elven]]<br />
[[Category:House of Thingol]]<br />
[[Category:Ilkorin names]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers in the Great Lands]]<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Dior Aranel]]<br />
[[fi:Dior Eluchíl]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:semi-elfes:dior]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=House_of_An%C3%A1rion&diff=374397House of Anárion2023-05-31T20:09:35Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Noble House infobox<br />
| name=House of Anárion<br />
| image=[[File:Gondor Heraldry.png|250px]]<br />
| caption=<br />
| othernames=Royal House of Gondor<br />Southern Line of Gondor<br />''Anárioni'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />
| founder= [[Anárion]], second son of [[Elendil]]<br />
| leader=[[King of Gondor]]<br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[House of Elendil]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West ]]<br />
| rivalry=<br />
| destroyed={{TA|2050}}<br />
| language=[[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Westron]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| members=[[Hyarmendacil I]], [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], [[Eärnur]], [[Fíriel]]<br />
| race=Initially [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]]; after [[Meneldil]], [[Dúnedain of Gondor]]<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| heirlooms=[[Crown of Gondor]]<br />
| gallery=the House of Anárion<br />
}}<br />
The '''House of Anárion''' was the extended house of the nobles and royalty of [[Gondor]], descended from its first [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The house included the Kings of Gondor and their heirs, of course, but also their siblings and their descendants. On several occasions, the direct line of descent failed in Gondor, and other members of the house were called on to take up the Kingship. Most notable among these was [[Meneldil]] himself, the first King to rule Gondor in his own right, who took up the throne on the death of his uncle [[Isildur]].<br />
<br />
There are examples of members of the Royal House being granted important military roles. For example, the great [[Gondorians|Gondorian]] general [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] was a member of the Royal House, being a descendant of [[Telumehtar]], great-grandfather to the reigning King [[Ondoher]]. Indeed, when Ondoher and his heirs were lost, [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] eventually succeeded to the Kingship himself.<br />
<br />
One important political role, however, was closed to members of the Royal House: that of Steward. When [[Rómendacil I]] created the Stewardship, he specified that no member of the House should ever take the role. The descendants of the [[House of Húrin]], who would eventually take on the hereditary Stewardship of the realm, were noted as being of high [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood (they had some share in the actual blood of Elendil and Anarion, and so were ultimately of royal origin<ref>J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "VII. The Heirs of Elendil"</ref>), but they were not members of the Royal House itself.<br />
<br />
At the last years of the Kingship, royal descendants of pure Númenórean blood had become few; several of the last Kings were childless and heirs were chosen from the House, until the death of [[Eärnur]]; no claimant for the throne could be found or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new [[Kin-strife]] that would devastate the kingdom.<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Denethor|Denethor II]] was about to immolate himself upon a pyre, he proudly told [[Gandalf]] that he was a "Steward of the House of Anárion". By using this name for the head of the royal house of Gondor he was rejecting [[Aragorn]] as a new king, calling the line of [[Isildur]] a "ragged house long bereft of lordship and dignity".<ref>{{RK|V7}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
Showing the descendants of Anárion. All information in the tree is from ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Appendix A, "The Southern Line Heirs of Anárion", <ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> or "Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion"<ref name="Gondor"/>, or ''[[The Peoples of Middle-Earth]]'', The Heirs of Elendil<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> unless otherwise specified. The figures after the names are those of birth and death where recorded (when only one figure is shown it is marked as either the date of birth, 'b.', or the date of death, 'd.'). A dagger symbol, '†' signifies those who did not die of old age. A name preceded by '*' indicates one of the Kings of Gondor. A vertical dashed line indicates a line of descent with some members missing.<br />
<br />
===Beginnings===<br />
Near the end of the [[Second Age]] the High King of the exiled [[Númenóreans]] was [[Elendil]], whose sons [[Isildur]] and Anárion jointly ruled the realm of Gondor. Elendil and Anárion died in the War of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] and Isildur died soon thereafter in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], which left the crown of Gondor in the hands of Anárion’s son Meneldil. From this first sole King of Gondor came the House of Anárion, the royal house of Gondor.<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | |ELE| | | | | |ELE=* [[Elendil]]<br /><small>''SA 3119-3441'' †</small><br/><ref group="note1"> Elendil and [[Gil-Galad]] died when they fought and cast down [[Sauron]] during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. </ref>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;|ISI| | | |ANA| | |ISI=* [[Isildur]]<br /><small>''SA 3209-TA 2'' †</small><br/><ref group="note1">Isildur was slain at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].</ref>|ANA=* [[Anárion]]<br /><small>''SA 3219-3440 †''</small><br/><ref group="note1">Anárion was slain before [[Barad-dûr]].</ref>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;|HOI| |TOS| |MEN|HOI=''[[House of Isildur]] ''|TOS=Three older<br/>siblings<br/><ref group="note1">It is said that Meneldil was Anárion's fourth child; the other three were not named.</ref>|MEN=* [[Meneldil]]<br /><small>''SA 3318-TA 158''</small><br/><ref group="note1">Meneldil was the last man born in [[Númenor]].</ref>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |CEM|CEM=* [[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br/><small>''SA 3399-TA 238''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |EAR|EAR=* [[Eärendil (King of Gondor)|Eärendil]]<br/><small>''TA 48-324''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |ANR|ANR=* [[Anardil (King of Gondor)|Anardil]]<br/><small>''136-411''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |OST|OST=* [[Ostoher]]<br/><small>''222-492''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |TAR|TAR=* Tarostar<br/>[[Rómendacil I]]<br/><small>''310-541'' †</small><br/><ref group="note1">Tarostar Rómendacil I was slain fighting fresh hordes of [[Easterlings]].</ref>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |TUR|TUR=* [[Turambar (King of Gondor)|Turambar]]<br/><small>''397-667''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |ATA|ATA=* [[Atanatar I]]<br/><small>''480-748''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |SIR|SIR=* [[Siriondil (King of Gondor)|Siriondil]]<br/><small>''570-830''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
====Beginnings notes====<br />
<references group="note1"/><br />
<br />
===Ship-Kings and the Noontide of Gondor===<br />
After King Siriondil came the four [[Ship-kings]] of Gondor who extended the realm along the coasts and conquered the [[Umbar|Haven of Umbar]]. Atanatar II, the ruler who followed these kings, enjoyed the splendor of Gondor at the height of its power.<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |SIR| | |SIR=* Siriondil}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;|BER|~|FAL| |TCY|BER=[[Berúthiel]]<br/><ref group="note2">Berúthiel, Tarannon's loveless queen, was eventually put on a boat and sent into exile. She and Tarannon had no children.</ref>|FAL=Tarannon<br/>* [[Tarannon Falastur|Falastur]]<br/><small>''654-913''</small>|TCY=[[Tarciryan]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |ERN|ERN=* [[Eärnil I]]<br/><small>''736-936'' †</small><br/><ref group="note2">Eärnil I drowned with many men and ships in a great storm off the haven of Umbar.</ref>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |CIR|CIR=* [[Ciryandil]]<br/><small>''820-1015'' †</small><br/><ref group="note2">Ciryandil was slain while besieging the haven of Umbar.</ref>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |HYA|HYA=Ciryaher<br/>* [[Hyarmendacil I]]<br/><small>''899-1149''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |ATA|ATA=* [[Atanatar II]]<br/>[[Alcarin]]<br/><small>''977-1226''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
====Noontide notes====<br />
<references group="note2"/><br />
<br />
===Era of the Kin-strife===<br />
After Atanatar II the attention of Gondor shifted to the north and east. Concerned about the loyalties of the [[Northmen]] and dismayed by the [[Easterlings]], Minalcar led an army to the east to remove the Easterling threat. His son Valacar served as an ambassador to Vidugavia and unexpectedly wed his daughter. From this union developed the [[Kin-strife]], the first great evil to befall Gondor.<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | |ATA| | | | | | | | |ATA=* Atanatar II}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |NAR| |CMC| | | | | | |NAR=* [[Narmacil I]]<br/><small>''1049-1294''</small><br/><ref group="note3">Narmacil I died childless.</ref>|CMC=* [[Calmacil (King of Gondor)|Calmacil]]<br/><small>''1058-1304''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;|VID| |MIN| | | |CLM| | |VID=[[Vidugavia]]|MIN=Minalcar<br/>* [[Rómendacil II]]<br/><small>''1126-1366''</small>|CLM=[[Calimehtar (son of Calmacil)|Calimehtar]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | | | |:| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;|VUM|y|VLC| | | | |:| | | |VUM=[[Vidumavi]]<br/><small>''d. 1332''</small>|VLC=* [[Valacar]]<br/><small>''1194-1432''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |:| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |ELD| | | | | |CAS| | |ELD=Vinitharya<br/>* [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]]<br/><small>''1255-1490''</small><br/><ref group="note3">Eldacar was disposed by Castamir the Usurper in 1437. He regained the throne in 1447.</ref>|CAS=* [[Castamir]]<br/>the Usurper<br/><small>''1259-1447''</small> †<br/></small> <ref group="note3">Castamir seized the throne in 1437 but was slain in battle by Eldacar in 1447.</ref>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;|ORN| |ALD| | | |SNS| | |ORN=[[Ornendil]]<br/><small>''d. 1437'' †</small><br/><ref group="note3">Ornendil was put to death by Castamir when [[Osgiliath]] was taken during the Kin-strife.</ref>|ALD=* [[Aldamir]]<br/><small>''1330-1540'' †</small><br/><ref group="note3">Aldamir fell in battle with rebelling kings of [[Harad]] allied with the rebels of Umbar.</ref>|SNS=Sons<br/><ref group="note3">Castamir's sons escaped from Eldacar, first holding out in [[Pelargir]] and then removing to Umbar.</ref>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |:| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | |VYR| | | | |:| | | |VYR=Vinyarion<br/>* [[Hyarmendacil II]]<br/><small>''1391-1621''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |F|~|A|~|7| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | |MND| |ANG| |SAN|MND=* [[Minardil]]<br/><small>''1454-1634'' †</small><br/><ref group="note3">Minardil was killed by a raid on Pelargir staged by Angamaitë and Sangahyando, leaders of the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] and great-grandsons of Castamir.</ref>|ANG=[[Angamaitë]]|SAN=[[Sangahyando]]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
====Kin-strife Era notes====<br />
<references group="note3"/><br />
<br />
===End of the House===<br />
The second great evil to befall Gondor was the [[Great Plague]]. The realm had not yet recovered when the third evil struck, renewed attacks from the East in the form of the [[Wainriders]]. These people nearly killed off the line of kings, and weakened the line so that the [[Witch-king]] could deliver the final blow. After the death of King Eärnur the rule of Gondor would fall upon the [[Ruling Steward|Ruling Stewards]] of the [[House of Húrin]].<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |MIN| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |MIN=* Minardil}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | |TLM| |MNS| | | | | | | | | | | | |TLM=* [[Telemnar]]<br/><small>''1516-1636'' †</small><br/><ref group="note4">Telemnar and all his children died in the Great Plague.</ref>|MNS=[[Minastan]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | |CHL| |TRD| | | | | | | | | | | | |CHL=Children<br/><small>''d. 1636'' †</small>|TRD=* [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]]<br/><small>''1577-1798''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |TUT| | | | | | | | | | | | |TUT=* [[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar]]<br/>Umbardacil<br/><small>''1632-1850''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |NMC| | | | | | | | | |ARC|NMC=* [[Narmacil II]]<br/><small>''1684-1856'' †</small><br/><ref group="note4">Narmacil II was killed in battle against the Wainriders north-east of the [[Morannon]].</ref>|ARC=[[Arciryas]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |CET| | | | | | | | | |CCL|CET=* [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]<br/><small>''1736-1936''</small>|CCL=[[Calimmacil]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |OND| |HOI| |DTR| |SIR|OND=* [[Ondoher]]<br/><small>''1787-1944'' †</small><br/><ref group="note4">Ondoher perished in renewed war against the Wainriders.</ref>|HOI=''House of<br/>Isildur''|DTR=Daughter|SIR=[[Siriondil (son of Calimmacil)|Siriondil]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|(| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;|ART| |FAR| |FIR|y|ARV| |MNT| |ERL|ART=[[Artamir]]<br/><small>''d. 1944'' †</small><br/><ref group="note4">Artamir died by his father's side in battle against the Wainriders.</ref>|FAR=[[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]]<br/><small>''d. 1944'' †</small><br/><ref group="note4">Faramir disguised himself to join his father's army in the fight against the Wainriders and died while riding with a party of the [[Éothéod]] near the [[Dead Marshes]].</ref>|FIR=[[Fíriel]]<br/><small>''b. 1896'' †</small>|ARV=[[Arvedui]]|MNT=[[Minohtar]]<br/><small>''d. 1944'' †</small><br/><ref group="note4">Minohtar was slain by an arrow as the Wainriders poured into Ithilien after their victory over King Ondoher.</ref>|ERL=* [[Eärnil II]]<br/><small>''1883-2043''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | |CHF| | | | | | | |ERR|CHF=''[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftains]] of<br/>the [[Dúnedain]]<br/>of the North''|ERR=* [[Eärnur]]<br/><small>''1928-2050'' †</small><br/><ref group="note4">Eärnur rode with a small escort of knights to [[Minas Morgul]] to meet the challenge of the [[Witch-king]]. He and his party were never heard from again.</ref>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}</div><br />
<br />
====End of the Line notes====<br />
<references group="note4"/><br />
<br />
==Other names==<br />
It was also known as the '''Southern Line of Gondor''' or the '''''Anárioni'''''.<ref>{{PM|VII}}, p. 196</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''''':<br />
:In the [[The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(extended_edition)|extended cut]] of the film, [[Denethor]] says the line "I am steward of the House of Anárion. [Instead of [[House of Húrin]].] Thus have I walked; and thus now will I sleep." <br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:House of Anárion| ]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish noble houses|Anarion]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dale&diff=374396Dale2023-05-31T20:07:15Z<p>Tolkienator: A location of a city cannot be of the kingdom</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the City of Dale|Kingdom|[[Dale (Kingdom)|Kingdom of Dale]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Dale<br />
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Dale.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Dale" by Matěj Čadil<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Northern [[Rhovanion]] on the banks of the [[River Running]], between the south-west and south-east arms of the [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
| type=City<br />
| description=The great township of the [[Northmen]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Men of Dale]]<br />
| created= ''[[#Other versions of the legendarium|See below]]''<br />
| destroyed={{TA|2770}}<br />
| rebuilt={{TA|2944}}<br />
| events=[[Sack of Erebor]], [[Battle of Five Armies]], [[Battle of Dale]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dale''' was a great city of the [[Northmen]] which was destroyed by [[Smaug]] and rebuilt as the capital of a great [[Kingdom of Dale|kingdom]] after his demise.<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Dale was situated in the valley between the south-western and south-eastern arms of the [[Lonely Mountain]], nestled in a sharp U-shaped bend of the [[River Running]].<ref>{{H|Thror}}</ref> <br />
<br />
It was known as a merry town that traded, mainly in food-supplies, for the skills and craft-pieces of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]. Dale's toy market was the wonder of the North<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> and the town was renowned for its bells.<ref>{{H|Doorstep}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Dale.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Dale'']]<br />
===Foundation===<br />
In {{TA|2590}}, King [[Thrór]] re-established the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> The realm prospered and about this time, the [[Northmen]] living to the south came up the River Running and built Dale.<ref name="Party"/> The town shared in the prosperity of the Dwarves and it was initially governed by the [[Lord of Dale]], of whom the last was named [[Girion]].<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Destruction===<br />
In {{TA|2770|n}}, [[Smaug]] descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom.<ref name="TA"/> Although the [[Men of Dale]] fielded warriors against the monster they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack the dragon would crawl out of the [[Front Gate]] of the Mountain by night and carry away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat. The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruins.<ref name="Party"/><br />
<br />
===Re-establishment===<br />
The death of Smaug and the [[Battle of Five Armies]] occurred in {{TA|2941|n}}. Three years after the battle, Dale was rebuilt by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]],<ref name="TA"/> who had killed the dragon and was the descendant of Girion. Dale soon again enjoyed prosperity: Bard founded the [[Dale (Kingdom)|Dale as a kingdom]] and it gathered men from the [[Long Lake]], the South, and the West. [[Lake-town]] was rebuilt and grew wealthy from traffic with Dale.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Its people became more commonly known as [[Bardings]], after their new ruler.<br />
<br />
[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dale units vs. Rhun.jpg|left|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''The Battle of Dale'']]<br />
===Later history===<br />
During the reign of King [[Brand]], the grandson of Bard the Bowman, Dale served as the capital for the lands he ruled, which extended far south and east of [[Lake-town]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref> However, as [[Glóin]] revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]], in {{TA|3017|n}} a messenger from [[Mordor]] came to ask King [[Dáin Ironfoot]] at the gate to the Lonely Mountain for news of [[Hobbits]] and to ask for [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] [[The One Ring|ring]]. Messengers had also come to King Brand and there were enemies gathering upon the [[Kingdom of Dale]]'s eastern borders.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Easterlings]] crossed the border and moved to attack the city. On [[17 March]] {{TA|3019|n}} the [[Battle of Dale]] began. Not able to hold back the Easterlings, the [[Bardings]] and the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] retreated into the Lonely Mountain, but lost Kings Brand and [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] who were both slain at the Gate of Erebor. For seven days, the Men and Dwarves barricaded themselves in Erebor until news came from the south of the defeat of [[Sauron]]. The new Kings of Dale and Erebor ([[Bard II]] and [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]), broke the siege and drove the Easterlings out of Dale. Bard later sent an emissary to the coronation of King [[Aragorn II Elessar]] and his realm was ever after in perpetual friendship and under the protection of the [[King of the West]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''dale'' means "valley", as it was built in the [[River Running|Celduin]] valley between two arms of Erebor.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
According to ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Thorin]] tells [[Bilbo]] that the [[Northmen]] built “the merry town of Dale” during the time when his grandfather [[Thror]] was [[King under the Mountain]], soon after {{TA|2590}}. This is the only definitive statement of Dale's foundation. However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]'', in the section titled “[[Cirion and Eorl]],” the following comment is found (after the defeat of King [[Narmacil II]] of Gondor in {{TA|1856}}):<br />
<br />
:{{blockquote|As for the Northmen, a few, it is said, fled over the Celduin (River Running) and were merged with the folk of Dale under Erebor (with whom they were akin), some took refuge in Gondor, and others were gathered by Marhwini son of Marhari (who fell in the rearguard action after the Battle of the Plains).|{{UT|8}}}}<br />
<br />
It is possible to reconcile the texts if {{TA|1856}} is seen as the latest year of the foundation of the first, primitive [[Northmen]] settlements in the area with the years after {{TA|2590}} as the foundation of the city with the coming of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]; the canonicity of this, however, is unknown.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:Dale-BFME2.jpg|thumb|Dale in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|''BFME'' II]]]]<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The City of Dale appears in the ''Erebor'' map, just south-east of the mountain itself. It appears to contain several houses, taverns and bridges, as well as a statue of a man. The city is built around the mountain's river.<br />
<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:The city appears briefly in the prologue of the film, when the dragon Smaug attacks Erebor.<br />
<br />
'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''<br />
:The ruined city of Dale appears briefly when [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] are heading for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''<br />
:After the death of [[Smaug]], the villagers of [[Lake-town]] seek refuge in the ruined city. During the [[Battle of Five Armies]], they hide inside Dale while the [[Lake-men]] combat the enemy forces. When the [[Orcs|Orc]] army attacks the ruined city, Bard and the Lake-towners run to defend it, leaving the [[Dwarves]] and the [[Elves]] to protect the gates of Erebor. The Elves later come to join the [[Men]] in defending the city.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Dale|Images of Dale]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[de:Thal]]<br />
[[fi:Laakso]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:rhovanion:dale]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=High_King_of_the_Noldor&diff=358898High King of the Noldor2022-10-07T17:52:20Z<p>Tolkienator: Follwing previous edits of similar nature, Maedhros "waived his claim" and he never de-facto ruled. This has been clarified earlier in the wiki and should not be re-instated.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{disambig-more|High King|[[High King (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
[[File:Christopher Tolkien - The Realms of the Noldor and the Sindar.jpg|250px|thumb|''The Realms of the Noldor and the Sindar'' by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]<br />
{{quote|If there lay no grievance between us, lord, still the kingship would rightly come to you, the eldest here of the house of [[Finwë]], and not the least wise.|[[Maedhros]] in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Return of the Noldor]]"}}<br />
The '''High King of the Noldor''' was the head of the [[House of Finwë]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Its bearer was the nominal overlord of all the [[Noldor]]in realms, but had little practical authority due to the disunity of the Noldor. The [[House of Fëanor]] acknowledged the Kingship but paid it little heed, following their own agenda under the general leadership of [[Maedhros]].<br />
<br />
==Earlier Kings==<br />
{{main|King of the Noldor}}<br />
[[File:Marya Filatova - Refusal - Maedhros.jpg|thumb|''Refusal - Maedhros'' by [[Marya Filatova]]]]<br />
The founder of the [[House of Finwë]] and first '''[[King of the Noldor]]''' was [[Finwë]], the lord of the [[Tatyar]] who led his people in the [[Great Journey]] from [[Cuiviénen]] into [[Aman|the West]] to dwell in [[Valinor]]. He was slain by [[Morgoth]] at [[Formenos]]. <br />
<br />
His eldest son [[Fëanor]] succeeded to the Kingship and led the [[Rebellion of the Noldor]] to Middle-earth to avenge his father's death and recover the [[Silmarils]] from Morgoth.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref> Fëanor died before establishing a realm, and the claim to the kingship passed to his eldest son [[Maedhros]], who was captured by Morgoth.<br />
<br />
[[Fingon]], son of [[Fingolfin]], rescued Maedhros from his captivity in a daring raid on [[Thangorodrim]]. Out of gratitude to Fingon, and regret that Fëanor had abandoned the other Noldor in [[Araman]], Maedhros surrendered his house's claim to the Kingship to Fingolfin. At that time, Maedhros said: "''If there lay no grievance between us, lord, still the kingship would rightly come to you, the eldest here of the house of Finwë, and not the least wise.''" Thus the Kingship passed from the [[House of Fëanor]] to the [[House of Fingolfin]], fulfilling the [[Doom of Mandos]] that the [[Sons of Fëanor]] would become the ''Dispossessed'', and the two Houses made peace. However, not all of the seven Sons of Fëanor accepted this in their hearts.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===First Age===<br />
'''[[Fingolfin]]''' became the first High King of the Noldor, ruling from [[Hithlum]] as the "King of the North," mostly during the [[Siege of Angband]]. When Morgoth broke the leaguer in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] and slew many Noldor, Fingolfin rode in wrath to the gates of [[Angband]] and died in single combat with Morgoth.<ref name=Ruin>{{S|18}}</ref><br />
<br />
Fingolfin was succeeded by his eldest son '''[[Fingon]]''', whose short reign was consumed by endless war. He and Maedhros formed an [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] that brought together all the realms of the Noldor to make a [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad|final assault]] on Morgoth. The attempt ended in the slaughter of the Noldor and Fingon's death at the hands of [[Gothmog]], Lord of Balrogs.<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Fingon's brother '''[[Turgon]]''' succeeded him, but he was High King in name only, as it was not possible for the "Hidden King" to rule the other Noldor from his [[Gondolin|Hidden City]], the location of which was unknown even to his own kin. When [[Maeglin]] betrayed this secret to Morgoth, the city swiftly [[Fall of Gondolin|fell]] and Turgon with it.<br />
<br />
Gondolin was the last of the Noldorin realms in Beleriand and Turgon was the last son of the [[House of Fingolfin]]. With his death, the Kingship passed to the [[House of Finarfin]], which was by this time reduced to a single dynast: '''[[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]''', the young son of [[Orodreth]]. Gil-galad had been sent to take refuge with [[Círdan]] after the fall of [[Minas Tirith]] in the aftermath of the Dagor Bragollach, and thus survived the ruin of the Noldor. Gil-galad was acclaimed High King when news of Turgon's death reached the [[Isle of Balar]], to which he and Círdan had fled from the fall of the [[Falas]].<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> Gil-galad lived to see the end of the [[War of the Jewels]] and held the Kingship throughout the [[Second Age]], far longer than any of his predecessors.<br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
After the cataclysmic [[War of Wrath]] that ended the [[First Age]] and destroyed Beleriand, the surviving [[Noldor]] who did not depart for the [[Undying Lands]] established the realms of [[Lindon]] and later [[Eregion]] in northwestern Middle-earth. In Lindon, Gil-galad was acknowledged as the "High King of the Elves of the West".<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> He was the chief enemy of [[Sauron]] in the [[Dark Years]], at the end of which he appointed Elrond as his vice-regent in [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], Gil-galad and [[Elendil]] formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to destroy Sauron. In the ensuing [[War of the Last Alliance|war]] Gil-galad commanded the Elven forces, save for the host of [[Silvan Elves]] under [[Amdír]] and [[Oropher]]. After the Last Alliance broke into Mordor and [[Siege of Barad-dûr|besieged Barad-dûr]] for seven years, Sauron personally came forth and fought Gil-galad and Elendil. The battle ended in the deaths of all three, but Sauron's spirit and malice endured through the power of his [[One Ring]].<ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
Gil-galad was the last High King of the Noldor, for he fathered no children. With his death, the [[House of Finwë]] was extinguished in the male line in Middle-earth. The only living descendants of Finwë remaining in Middle-earth at the dawn of the Third Age were [[Galadriel]], [[Celebrían]], [[Elrond]], and the descendants of [[Elros]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of High Kings==<br />
<!--Please don't add Finwe and Feanor to this list; they aren't mentioned as "High Kings" in the published Silmarillion. --><br />
# '''[[Fingolfin]]''' reigned {{FA|7}} to {{FA|456|n}} (449 years)<br />
# '''[[Fingon]]''' reigned {{FA|456}} to {{FA|472|n}} (16 years)<br />
# '''[[Turgon]]''' reigned {{FA|472}} to {{FA|510|n}} (38 years)<br />
# '''[[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]''' reigned {{FA|510}} to {{SA|3441}} (3,521 years)<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Gil-galad is said to be the son of Fingon.<ref>{{S|18}}</ref> However, in some of Tolkien's later notes, Gil-galad is said to be the son of Orodreth and thus a junior member of the [[House of Finarfin]],<ref>{{PM|XI5}}</ref> and Turgon's closest living relative in the male line (excluding the dispossessed House of Fëanor). Turgon's claim to the title of High King would be [[Gil-galad#Parentage|problematic]] if Gil-galad were descended from Fingon, but the issue is resolved through descent from Orodreth, which may explain the change.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*For other and earlier rulers of the Noldor, see [[King of the Noldor]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Elven titles]]<br />
[[Category:Noldor]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]<br />
[[de:Hoher König der Noldor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/haut_roi_des_noldor]]<br />
[[fi:Noldorin Korkea Kuningas]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=King_of_the_Noldor&diff=358897King of the Noldor2022-10-07T17:47:55Z<p>Tolkienator: Maedhros was never "King of the Noldor" nor was it something that was implied in canon. He "waived his claim" and he never de-facto ruled. This has been clarified earlier in the wiki and should not be re-instated.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Kimberly_-_Finwe.jpg|thumb|Finwë by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]]]<br />
'''King of the Noldor''' was a title held by the early rulers of the [[Noldor]], especially held by those who ruled in [[Aman]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
The Noldor, that part of the [[Tatyar]] who participated in the [[Great Journey]], were led by [[Finwë]]. Finwë was one of the three elves summoned to [[Valinor]] by [[Oromë]] to serve as messengers to their fellows,<ref name="S3">{{S|3}}</ref> and later became the ruler of the Noldor in Valinor, who lived in the city of [[Tirion|Tirion upon Túna]]. He became known as the ''King of the Noldor'', and had three sons and two daughters from two marriages.<ref name="S5">{{S|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Finwë followed his eldest son [[Fëanor]] into exile at [[Formenos]],<ref>{{S|8}}</ref> and was killed by [[Morgoth|Melkor]] following the [[Darkening of Valinor]]. Following his father's death, [[Fëanor]] returned to Tirion even though the Valar had not lifted his exile and claimed the kingship of the Noldor. This cast Fëanor's inheritance of the kingship into question, but the rhetorical skill of Fëanor convinced the majority of the Noldor to follow him in his [[Flight of the Noldor|rebellion]] against the Valar, although some loved [[Fingolfin]] more.<ref name="S9">{{S|9}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Kingship splits===<br />
After the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]], the youngest son of Finwë, [[Finarfin]], repented of the rebellion and was permitted to return to Tirion because his people had played no part in the Kinslaying. He remained in [[Tirion]] and ruled the Noldor who remained in [[Aman]].<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Finarfin''</ref> However, the hosts of Fëanor, the primary instigator of the Kinslaying, and Fingolfin, some of whose people were late participants in it, continued towards Middle-earth.<ref name="S9" /><br />
<br />
===Arrival in Middle-earth===<br />
The hosts of Fëanor and Fingolfin arrived in Middle-earth separately, following Fëanor's betrayal of his half-brother by burning their captured fleet at [[Losgar]], with Fëanor arriving first. Fëanor, while calling himself King of the Noldor, was killed in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] before he was able to establish a realm. His eldest son, [[Maedhros]], inherited the claim to the kingship, but was soon after captured by Morgoth.<ref name="S13">{{S|13}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
{{main|High King of the Noldor}}<br />
The arrival of the host of Fingolfin, battered by the crossing of the [[Helcaraxë|Grinding Ice]], complicated matters, as Fëanor's betrayal had driven a rift between the two hosts. This was resolved by [[Fingon]], son of Fingolfin, rescuing Maedhros from his captivity in [[Thangorodrim]]. Maedhros subsequently apologized for the burning of the ships and ceded his claim to the kingship, and that of the entire [[House of Fëanor]], to Fingolfin and his [[House of Fingolfin|House]], despite the disagreement of [[Sons of Feanor|his brothers]]. Thus the Kingship passed to the [[House of Fingolfin]], fulfilling the [[Doom of Mandos]] according to which the [[House of Fëanor]] would become the ''Dispossessed''.<ref name="S13"/><br />
<br />
With the establishment of many different Noldorin realms, Fingolfin soon became '''[[High King of the Noldor]]'''. Following Fingolfin's death in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], the title passed to his son [[Fingon]].<ref name="S18">{{S|18}}</ref> Following Fingon's death in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the title passed to his younger brother [[Turgon]].<ref>{{S|20}}</ref> After Turgon's death in the [[Fall of Gondolin]], the last Noldorin realm in [[Beleriand]] was extinguished along with the House of Fingolfin in the male line.<br />
<br />
The High Kingship passed to the [[House of Finarfin]]'s last living dynast, the young [[Ereinion Gil-galad]], son of [[Orodreth]].<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> Gil-galad was High King through the [[Second Age]] until his death in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] but sired no heirs. He was the last High King of the Noldor; his death meant the extinction of the entire [[House of Finwë]] in the male line in Middle-earth and afterwards, the office was left vacant.<br />
<br />
In the Third Age, the House of Finwë survived in Middle-earth only in the female line, in the persons of [[Galadriel]], [[Elrond]], their descendants, and the descendants of [[Elros]]. Upon the departure of the bearers of the Three Rings at the dawn of the Fourth Age, the line of the High-elven kings, including the High Kings of the Noldor, was alone preserved in the descendants of [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Kings==<br />
===King of the Noldor in Valinor===<br />
The first two kings were not distinguished as being ''in Valinor'', since the entire population of the Noldor lived in Valinor at that time.<ref name="S5"/><br />
<br />
# [[Finwë]], first King of the Noldor.<br />
# [[Fëanor]], the first son of Finwë; claimed the title after his father's death.<br />
# [[Finarfin]], third son of Finwë; remained in [[Aman]] after the [[Exile of the Noldor]] and ruled the remnant of his people in [[Tirion]].<br />
<br />
===High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth===<br />
[[Fëanor]] nominally ruled in [[Middle-earth]] for a short time before his fall in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], although he never officially claimed this title and never established a realm.<br />
# [[Fingolfin]], second son of Finwë; held to be the first '''[[High King of the Noldor]]''' by the majority of the Noldor after Maedhros son of Fëanor gave up his claims.<ref name="S13"/><br />
# [[Fingon]], first son of Fingolfin.<br />
# [[Turgon]], second son of Fingolfin.<br />
# [[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Elven titles]]<br />
[[fi:Noldorin kuningas]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Forums:Cloudflare_redirect_loop_on_Edge&diff=358532Forums:Cloudflare redirect loop on Edge2022-09-30T18:16:37Z<p>Tolkienator: Infinite Cloudlfare loop on Edge!!!!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Counciltop}}<br />
<br />
<!-- Start writing after this line --><br />
<br />
As a longstanding contributor to many articles on this page, I would like to bring up a particularly concerning issue on my end that has hampered my editing process in this wiki. I have always been a user of Microsoft Edge and it troubles me that as of recently (or maybe a year), I have had trouble previewing and even publishing edits on my edge browser (chromium) due to an infinite Cloudflare loop. Whenever I try to save my work as a preview or publish edits, I am put into a Cloudflare loop that persists and reverts any edits I have back to the original state before I edit. This does not persist in Google Chrome and other chromium browsers like Brave. I am not a high-tech person so any advice would help aside from switching browsers! Please advise and I greatly appreciate your help! Thank you and I look forward to hearing back from the Tollkiengateway community! --- Tolkienator</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Northern_Waste&diff=357009Talk:Northern Waste2022-09-11T02:03:42Z<p>Tolkienator: /* Presence of Dragons */ new section</p>
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<div>Eazy E15, I deleted a bunch of your content because alot of it is not true or not factual, for instance:<br />
<br />
1. Arvediu did not hide in Mount Gundabad he hid in a abandoned Dwarf-mine near the far northern tip of the Blue Mountains.<br />
<br />
2. We don't know really anything about the Lossoth execept that they were the remnants of the Forodwaith, they lived mainly on the cape of Forochel out of reach of enemies, and that they travelled sometimes to the southern coasts near the feet of the Ered Luin, as king Arvedui found.<br />
<br />
3. Yes, it's possible that Snow trolls could lived there but not alot of people have been beyond the grey mountains or the mountains of Angmar except for maybe Dwarves and Orcs. They are more likely to have lived high up in the snowy slopes of the Misty Mountains., where they were far more likely to have been seen.<br />
<br />
I'm not trying to put you down, but next time study the facts, and then make assumpations and theories.--[[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]] 15:32, 27 November 2006 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Rename to Forodwaith (region)==<br />
Based on the recognizability criterion for naming pages on Tolkien Gateway people are more likely to enter Forodwaith when they search for information about the region in the map, because the name Northern Waste is only used in maps that were published with older editions of The Lord of the Rings (LOTR) and the proper name Northern Waste (i.e. with a capital N and a capital W) is not used in the text of LOTR or in the text of The Silmarillion and is only used once in the text of Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth (UT). On the contrary the name Forodwaith is used on maps that were published with newer editions of LOTR and UT. I propose that Forodwaith redirects to a disambiguation page, which leads to Forodwaith (people) and Forodwaith (region). We can debate if Lossoth should redirect to Forodwaith (people) or should have its own page, but the information on both pages would overlap so much to be virtually the same. An advantage of having the page named Forodwaith (region) is that it will have an etymology section for the name of the region and an Other versions of the legendarium section that explains that the name was used for the region that would Lager be called Eriador on the first map of The Lord of the Rings. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 08:08, 7 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
:I disagree with that, as it would be confusing for readers to see the name appear as the title of a page for the region and the people. Also, in the text of TLOTR, the name refers only to the ancient people of that land and that is once in the text. The reference on newer versions of the map is either a reference to the people or pointing out that the region took its name from the people. It cannot be said for certain which reference it is. I think it is fine the way it is now. Though there are some problematic implications about the recognition policy on the wiki that I do think should be discussed. Here is a quote from the "Unfinished Tales":<br />
<br />
::{{Quote|Forodwaith only occurs once in The Lord of the Rings (Appendix A, I, iii) and there refers to ancient in habitants of the Northlands, of whom the Snowmen of Forochel were a remnant; but the Sindarin word (g) waith was used both of regions and of the peoples inhabiting them (cf. Enedwaith). In one of my father’s sketch-maps Forodwaith seems to be explicitly equated with ‘The Northern Waste’, and in another is translated ‘Northerland’|(footnote)}}.<br />
<br />
[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 11:59, 7 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::It would not be confusing for readers. Forodwaith would simply redirect to the disambigution page, and Forodwaith (region) as the title for a page about the region ist not confusing in any way and Forodwaith (people) as the title for a page about the people is not confusing in any way. J.R.R. Tolkien and Christohpher Tolkien did not write the names of races on maps for regions. The names of larger regions are always written in capital characters and they did not use "Haradrim", but "Haradwaith", because Haradwaith or Enedwaith are also the names of regions and J.R.R. Tolkien explained in the entry for the root WE in PE17 on page 190 that [[gwaith]] is often used for regions in proper names. The name of peoples on the map (if ever used, such as "Woodelves on the General Map) are not written in capital characters. Having Northern Waste as the title of the page does not fulfill the Recognisability and Naturalness criteria of the [[Tolkien Gateway:Naming policy]], because it is used rarely on an old map that most readers probably do not have and only used once in the text of Unfinished Tales, but not on the map that was published with Unfinished Tales. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 12:25, 7 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::The name being "Northern Waste" brings awareness to the name to people who do not have the "Unfinished Tales". If we were to only use recognizable terms, then we are excluding a whole group of people who use wikis to find more information on a subject. Also, the appendix mention in TLOTR refers to the people, not the region. However, I just found a reference in TLOTR that convinced me of your argument. Yet I still believe that the recognition policy has some problematic implications that I believe should be discussed. Should I edit the page from Northern Waste to Forodwaith before you move it?[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 13:16, 7 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
::::Please do not edit the Northern Waste page. I am not going to move/rename the page before I have received more feedback from other users. It is not urgent and LorenzoCB probably has more important things on his mind and his head is probably spinning from all the different versions about Galadriel. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 14:38, 7 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::Ok, I will not change the wording from Northern Waste to Forodwaith. However, I noticed two names within the "Unfinished Tales" quote I posted earlier on this talk page: the Northlands and Northerland. I think that these two names should be added to the page contents (maybe the other names section of the infobox). Also, on a side note, I think that the "Forodwaith (people)" page moving to the "Lossoth" page could potentially be discussed rather than discussing moving the "Lossoth" page to the "Forodwaith (people)" page.[[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]] ([[User talk:Dour1234|talk]]) 14:45, 7 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
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== Presence of Dragons ==<br />
<br />
While I thank User:Akhorahil for his edits of the page, I will have to disagree with his last edit regarding reverting the information about the presence of dragons. In Appendix A, it is mentioned that "there were dragons in the wastes beyond [the Grey Mountains]." According to the map known as The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age, these wastes to the north of the Grey Mountains are referred to as the "Forodwaith" and thus synonymous with the "Northern Waste." The Withered Heath is not referred to as being a waste "beyond" the Grey Mountains, but rather a long valley running west to east between two arms at the eastern end of the Grey Mountains. A region (almost) encircled by a mountain range is not considered to be "beyond" said mountain range. The term "beyond" is most easily defined as "far away" from a specific frame of reference and if the Grey Mountains is the frame of reference, then "beyond" will easily fit the description of the Northern Waste (which is a seemingly endless wasteland beyond the Grey Mountains) than it would the Withered Heath. Additionally, the nomenclature for "wastes" cannot be better ascribed to another place than the Northern Waste. Hence, I move for that specific edit to be reverted to my previous one with the note with the clarification.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] ([[User talk:Tolkienator|talk]]) 02:03, 11 September 2022 (UTC)</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Pre-N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=356934Talk:Pre-Númenóreans2022-09-10T19:35:43Z<p>Tolkienator: /* The use of this term */ Some suggestions</p>
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<div>Is this term found somewhere in canon material, or is it a construction strictly for this article? I'm not familiar with it. [[User:Corsair Caruso|Corsair Caruso]] 21:49, 5 October 2013 (UTC)<br />
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:It's been used by Tolkien in a manuscript concerning the legendarium ([[Vinyar Tengwar 42|VT:42]]), so it's "canon". For page references, see [http://www.tolkienindex.net/index/Pre-N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3rean here].--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:54, 5 October 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::On a second thought, one might argue that Tolkien only uses the term for the ''language'' (pre-Númenórean). Until we have other evidence, it might be good to place the template "Unnamed" on the article (I'll do it now).--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:59, 5 October 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== The use of this term ==<br />
<br />
Tolkien's use of this term is strictly reserved for the languages (specifically certain place-names) and various groups of different Men from a time period before the Númenóreans set sail and landed on Middle-earth. Thus, this term is much too vague to refer to a group of Men of common origin as this page implies (specifically Men akin to the Haladin) or one single language family akin to the Haladin. Tolkien has nowhere explicitly stated that the Pre-Númenóreans are a people akin to the Haladin but he has stated that the Men akin to the Haladin who stayed behind are a Pre-Númenórean people. "Pre-Númenórean" is used as an adjective, not as a proper noun. Here's some context: "the river was the southern boundary of Eregion, beyond which pre-Numenorean and generally unfriendly peoples lived, such as the ancestors of the Dunlendings." (History of Galadriel and Celeborn). Tolkien never intended for this term to be used as an ethnic group as a whole but a collection of various groups of diverse origin existing before the Numenoreans set sail.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] 02:02, 8 April 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I agree with your analysis of the use of the term pre-Númenórean in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. I have also thought that the term for the peoples that were akin to the Haladin should be changed, but I have not come up with a better term that satisfied me and have postponed changing it. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 05:53, 8 April 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:J.R.R. Tolkien did not use the term pre-Númenóreans and did not use the adjective pre-Númenórean in ''The Lord of the Rings''. There he only used "Yet the names of nearly all places and persons in the realm of Gondor were of Elvish form and meaning. A few were of forgotten origin, and descended doubtless from the days before the ships of the Númenóreans sailed the Sea; among these were Umbar, Arnach and Erech; and the mountain-names Eilenach and Rimmon. Forlong was also a name of the same sort." in the sixth pargraph of ''Appendix F'' "I The Languages and Peoples of the Third Age Of Men". J.R.R. Tolkien used the the adjective pre-Númenórean in the section "Amroth and Nimrodel" in the chapter "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn" in the book ''Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth'' in an excerpt from his essay "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor" that was published in the linguistic journal ''Vinyar Tengwar'' and in the book ''The Nature of Middle-earth'' ("It is said here that while the element Bel is certainly derived from a pre-Númenórean name, its source was in fact Sindarin.") and in footnote 51 of the section "(iv) The tradition of Isildur" of the chapter "Cirion and Eorl and the friendship of Gondor and Rohan" in the book ''Unfinished Tales of Númenór and Middle-earth'' ("Eilenaer was a name of pre-Númenórean origin, evidently related to Eilenach."). Christopher Tolkien used the adjective pre-Númenórean in connection with names or the origin of names in his entries for Adorn, Eilenaer, Erelas and Lossarnach, of the Index that he made for the book ''Unfinished Tales of Númenór and Middle-earth''. J.R.R. Tolkien used the adjective pre-Númenórean in connection with names or the origin of names in his essay The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor in the entries for Adorn ("pre-Númenórean origin", Belfalas ("pre-Númenórean name", "in some pre-Númenórean language") and Eilenach ("names of this group that are certainly pre-Númenórean"). As a consequence neither J.R.R. Tolkien nor Christopher Tolkien used the term pre-Númenórean for a specific group of people, but rather as an adjective in connection with names or the origin of names. So the adjective pre-Númenórean simply refers to something existing before the arrival of the Númenóreans in Middle-earth. I will analyse which terms Tolkien scholars have used in which terms have been used in journals. I think I remember proto-Dunlendings and proto-Gwathuirim. I think that the article should be moved after we have decided on a name that fits the ancestors of the Dunlendings and of the Men of Bree better and that has been used by Tolkien scholars or in journals. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 10:42, 15 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
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::Thank you Akhorahil! I pretty much agree with removing this term from the wiki. I never liked it, so ambiguous! Hope we can find the proper terms for these peoples. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 11:22, 15 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:::I intend to correct the information in the Pre-Númenóreans, Dunlendings and Dunland pages and add references first, then to suggest a better name for the Pre-Númenóreans page and to move it after a consensus on the new name for this page has been reached. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 12:15, 15 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::::I trust you, Akhorahil, to make the massive revision of this page! If I may suggest, I believe that a lot of this information could be moved to their respective "Origins" section for the pages for the "Haladin/House of Haleth", "Dunlendings", "Men of Bree", "Oathbreakers", etc. This page has no value on its own as it is an adjective used by Tolkien rather than a noun. Another suggestion could be to include two subheadings focused on "pre-Numenorean" peoples and languages/words respectively with redirects to specific pages. An infobox is redundant here.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] ([[User talk:Tolkienator|talk]]) 19:35, 10 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== New Name Suggestions? ==<br />
I have a few suggestions for how the name issue could be solved. One way is maybe moving this page to a new page that refers to these people as Pre-Númenórean Speakers since the actual term “Pre-Númenórean” is used for the languages. Another suggestion that I propose is moving this page to the Middle Men page since that term has been used by Tolkien. It might an adjective, but at least it is used in relation to these people so we may be able to use that term for the time being if it is the best option available. Also, it is worth mentioning that the pre-Númenórean term for the languages is used in relation to western Middle-earth. This does not include the Men of Darkness or the Númenóreans. Regarding my suggestions, I do not mind either, but would prefer Middle Men as that page already exists so this one would just need to be merged with it. [[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]], 15 March 2022 (UTC)</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Pre-N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=356933Talk:Pre-Númenóreans2022-09-10T19:34:52Z<p>Tolkienator: /* The use of this term */ Some suggestions</p>
<hr />
<div>Is this term found somewhere in canon material, or is it a construction strictly for this article? I'm not familiar with it. [[User:Corsair Caruso|Corsair Caruso]] 21:49, 5 October 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:It's been used by Tolkien in a manuscript concerning the legendarium ([[Vinyar Tengwar 42|VT:42]]), so it's "canon". For page references, see [http://www.tolkienindex.net/index/Pre-N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3rean here].--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:54, 5 October 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::On a second thought, one might argue that Tolkien only uses the term for the ''language'' (pre-Númenórean). Until we have other evidence, it might be good to place the template "Unnamed" on the article (I'll do it now).--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:59, 5 October 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== The use of this term ==<br />
<br />
Tolkien's use of this term is strictly reserved for the languages (specifically certain place-names) and various groups of different Men from a time period before the Númenóreans set sail and landed on Middle-earth. Thus, this term is much too vague to refer to a group of Men of common origin as this page implies (specifically Men akin to the Haladin) or one single language family akin to the Haladin. Tolkien has nowhere explicitly stated that the Pre-Númenóreans are a people akin to the Haladin but he has stated that the Men akin to the Haladin who stayed behind are a Pre-Númenórean people. "Pre-Númenórean" is used as an adjective, not as a proper noun. Here's some context: "the river was the southern boundary of Eregion, beyond which pre-Numenorean and generally unfriendly peoples lived, such as the ancestors of the Dunlendings." (History of Galadriel and Celeborn). Tolkien never intended for this term to be used as an ethnic group as a whole but a collection of various groups of diverse origin existing before the Numenoreans set sail.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] 02:02, 8 April 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I agree with your analysis of the use of the term pre-Númenórean in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. I have also thought that the term for the peoples that were akin to the Haladin should be changed, but I have not come up with a better term that satisfied me and have postponed changing it. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 05:53, 8 April 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:J.R.R. Tolkien did not use the term pre-Númenóreans and did not use the adjective pre-Númenórean in ''The Lord of the Rings''. There he only used "Yet the names of nearly all places and persons in the realm of Gondor were of Elvish form and meaning. A few were of forgotten origin, and descended doubtless from the days before the ships of the Númenóreans sailed the Sea; among these were Umbar, Arnach and Erech; and the mountain-names Eilenach and Rimmon. Forlong was also a name of the same sort." in the sixth pargraph of ''Appendix F'' "I The Languages and Peoples of the Third Age Of Men". J.R.R. Tolkien used the the adjective pre-Númenórean in the section "Amroth and Nimrodel" in the chapter "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn" in the book ''Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth'' in an excerpt from his essay "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor" that was published in the linguistic journal ''Vinyar Tengwar'' and in the book ''The Nature of Middle-earth'' ("It is said here that while the element Bel is certainly derived from a pre-Númenórean name, its source was in fact Sindarin.") and in footnote 51 of the section "(iv) The tradition of Isildur" of the chapter "Cirion and Eorl and the friendship of Gondor and Rohan" in the book ''Unfinished Tales of Númenór and Middle-earth'' ("Eilenaer was a name of pre-Númenórean origin, evidently related to Eilenach."). Christopher Tolkien used the adjective pre-Númenórean in connection with names or the origin of names in his entries for Adorn, Eilenaer, Erelas and Lossarnach, of the Index that he made for the book ''Unfinished Tales of Númenór and Middle-earth''. J.R.R. Tolkien used the adjective pre-Númenórean in connection with names or the origin of names in his essay The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor in the entries for Adorn ("pre-Númenórean origin", Belfalas ("pre-Númenórean name", "in some pre-Númenórean language") and Eilenach ("names of this group that are certainly pre-Númenórean"). As a consequence neither J.R.R. Tolkien nor Christopher Tolkien used the term pre-Númenórean for a specific group of people, but rather as an adjective in connection with names or the origin of names. So the adjective pre-Númenórean simply refers to something existing before the arrival of the Númenóreans in Middle-earth. I will analyse which terms Tolkien scholars have used in which terms have been used in journals. I think I remember proto-Dunlendings and proto-Gwathuirim. I think that the article should be moved after we have decided on a name that fits the ancestors of the Dunlendings and of the Men of Bree better and that has been used by Tolkien scholars or in journals. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 10:42, 15 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Thank you Akhorahil! I pretty much agree with removing this term from the wiki. I never liked it, so ambiguous! Hope we can find the proper terms for these peoples. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 11:22, 15 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:::I intend to correct the information in the Pre-Númenóreans, Dunlendings and Dunland pages and add references first, then to suggest a better name for the Pre-Númenóreans page and to move it after a consensus on the new name for this page has been reached. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 12:15, 15 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::::I trust you, Akhorahil, to make the massive revision of this page! If I may suggest, I believe that a lot of this information could be moved to their respective "Origins" section for the pages for the "Haladin/House of Haleth", "Dunlendings", "Men of Bree", "Oathbreakers", etc. This page has no value on its own as it is an adjective used by Tolkien rather than a noun. Another suggestion could be to include two subheadings focussed on "pre-Numenorean" peoples and languages/words respectively with redirects to specific pages. An infobox is redundant here.<br />
<br />
== New Name Suggestions? ==<br />
I have a few suggestions for how the name issue could be solved. One way is maybe moving this page to a new page that refers to these people as Pre-Númenórean Speakers since the actual term “Pre-Númenórean” is used for the languages. Another suggestion that I propose is moving this page to the Middle Men page since that term has been used by Tolkien. It might an adjective, but at least it is used in relation to these people so we may be able to use that term for the time being if it is the best option available. Also, it is worth mentioning that the pre-Númenórean term for the languages is used in relation to western Middle-earth. This does not include the Men of Darkness or the Númenóreans. Regarding my suggestions, I do not mind either, but would prefer Middle Men as that page already exists so this one would just need to be merged with it. [[User:Dour1234|Dour1234]], 15 March 2022 (UTC)</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:House_of_Hador&diff=356932Talk:House of Hador2022-09-10T19:28:19Z<p>Tolkienator: /* The canonicity of "House of Marach" */ Something to take note of</p>
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<div>==Family tree==<br />
I just wanted to check, that the rest of the family tree will be added in due course? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 08:35, 27 January 2018 (UTC)<br />
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:Yes, I was planning on that, but I wasn't sure how to add characters in the family tree. Is there a page where that is explained? --[[User:DoctorWellington|DoctorWellington]] 15:01, 27 January 2018 (UTC)<br />
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:Well, I tried it, but I couldn't fix [[Rían]]'s box. --[[User:DoctorWellington|DoctorWellington]] 15:41, 27 January 2018 (UTC)<br />
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::Make sure you put the spaces in around the names and that the width of each row is the same. If you look at how I've edited it you'll see what I mean. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 16:16, 27 January 2018 (UTC)<br />
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:::Thanks for the tips! I only figured it out through try-and-check, by clicking "Show preview" a bunch of times, so it couldn't be perfect. --[[User:DoctorWellington|DoctorWellington]] 14:32, 28 January 2018 (UTC)<br />
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== The canonicity of "House of Marach" ==<br />
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I have an issue regarding the use of the term "House of Marach". As I understand from what I've read from Tolkien's works, I have yet to see the term being used within his works. The only times where he refers to the noble family, he refers to them as the "Third House of the Edain" or "House of Hador". Now I understand that there were prominent members of the same family before Hador himself who gave his name to the house but I haven't seen Marach give his name to the House itself. He has given his name to the general people of this race, specifically the term "Folk of Marach". Now one important note to make is that the noble family is distinguished from the general people who followed the house. For instance, "Third House of the Edain" is used to designate those of the actual ruling family and terms such as "Folk of Marach" are used to designate the culture of people who followed the before-mentioned house. Therefore, in the infoboxes pertaining to the members of this House prior to Hador himself, it's not neccesarily proper to give their House designation as "House of Marach" (a non-canon term). A more suitable term would be "Third House of the Edain". Any thoughts regarding this matter?--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] 21:40, 25 March 2021 (UTC)<br />
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:You are correct about the "House of Marach", I properly replaced the term in all the articles. However, Tolkien usually applied the same terms both to the ruling family and to its followers when talking about any "House of". For example, in this case the "folk of Marach" was later known as the "House of Hador" (WJ:234). About the article name, the wiki uses the term that is mainly known to the readers. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 17:48, 29 March 2021 (UTC)<br />
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::Although I agree with the use of "folk of Marach" when addressing the culture and the people of that group of Edain, the term "House" in the legendarium always refers to a specific family and is not assigned to the general people who followed the family. Therefore, I believe that it is more appropriate to assign the term "Third House of the Edain" to all members of the "House of Hador" that predated Hador with a note addressing the fact that the term "House of Hador" only applied to those of the family from Hador's generation and beyond.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] ([[User talk:Tolkienator|talk]]) 19:28, 10 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
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== Tallest save the Elves ? ==<br />
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Someone could tell me where we can find a source for this : "They were marked as being the tallest men inhabitants of Beleriand save the Elves" ? <br />
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For I've found the opposite in HOME 5 p276 (Quenta Silmarillion §130) : "They were of greater strength and stature in body than the Elves" and nothing to contradict.<br />
Beside, the Numenoreans are also taller than the Elves in the §3 of the 2nd and 3rd version of the Fall of Numenor (HOME 5 and HOM 9) : "$3. And in the wearing of time the people of Numenor grew great and glorious, in all things more like the Firstborn than any other races of Men that have been; yet less fair and wise than the Elves, though greater in stature." [[User:Erendis|Erendis]] 09:21, 8 May 2022 (UTC)Erendis</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin%27s_Folk&diff=356931Durin's Folk2022-09-10T19:19:46Z<p>Tolkienator: Cleaned up the infobox and tweaked some of the headings</p>
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<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Longbeards<br />
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Longbeard king.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Warren Mahy - Longbeard king.jpg|Longbeard king]]" by [[Warren Mahy]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Sigin-tarâg'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]), ''Anfangrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Andafangar'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />
| origin=Descendants of [[Durin the Deathless]]<br />
| location=[[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Thorin's Halls]], [[Glittering Caves]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Elves]]<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| members=[[Durin]], [[Thorin]], [[Balin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Gimli]]<br />
| lifespan=c. 250 years<br />
| distinctions=Best relations with [[Elves]], oldest, wisest, and most far-seeing clan, long-lived<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref><br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| gallery=Longbeards<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin's Folk''', also known as the '''Longbeards''' (''Sigin-tarâg'' in [[Khuzdul]]), were one of the seven kindreds of [[Dwarves]] whose leaders were from the [[House of Durin]]. Their first king was named [[Durin]], who was one of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Elder Days===<br />
In the deeps of time, the [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke, Durin was the eldest and woke first. He slept alone under Mount [[Gundabad]]. As he wandered south along the [[Misty Mountains]] he came upon a valley he named [[Azanulbizar]]. In the caves above the lake he called [[Kheled-zâram]], he founded the city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], the home of Durin's Folk. Durin lived there so long he became known as Durin the Deathless, yet in the end, he died before the end of the [[First Age]].<ref name="Durin"/><br />
[[File:Turner Mohan - Durin.jpg|left|thumb|''Durin'' by [[:Category:Images by Turner Mohan|Turner Mohan]]]]<br />
The [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] also colonized the [[Iron Hills]], which became Durin's Folk's primary source of iron-ore.<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}, pp. 302-303</ref> The [[Old Forest Road|Dwarf-road of Mirkwood]] ran north-east to the Hills for the use of dwarf-traders and merchants between Khazad-dûm and the Hills.<ref name=Notes>{{PM|XNotes}}, p. 323 (note 30)</ref> Durin's Folk also considered the [[Grey Mountains]], which lay between these two mansions, to be within their territory. Those lands were harassed by [[Orcs]], but during the [[War of the Jewels]], they were called to [[Beleriand]] as [[Morgoth]] needed all available power, and the lands were left at peace.<ref name=relations /><br />
<br />
When [[Men]] first migrated west into [[Rhovanion]] and [[Eriador]], they encountered Durin's Folk. The Longbeards were the wisest and most far-seeing of the seven kindreds and began dealing with Men, establishing an economy in which Men chiefly provided food in exchange for Dwarven work in building, road-construction, mining, and the crafting of tools and weapons. The Men looked at the Dwarves with awe and were eager to learn from them. This system benefitted mostly the Dwarves, as the services they provided to Men required less effort than those offered in exchange; so they were free to continue with pursuing their labour and refine their skills.<ref name=relations /><br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
After the [[War of Wrath]] and the breaking of [[Thangorodrim]], the ancient cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]] had been ruined. In the [[Second Age]], about the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> many Dwarves who lived in these cities left the destruction behind and came to Khazad-dûm, increasing its wealth and power.<ref name="Durin"/> The Longbeards controlled [[Erebor]], [[Ered Mithrin]], [[Ered Engrin]], and the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains]] up to [[Lorien]].<ref name=Notes>{{PM|XNotes}}, p. 323 (note 30)</ref><br />
<br />
Also in that time, Morgoth's Orcs, now leaderless and reckless, but still numerous, armed and cruel, returned to the East and started harassing the Dwarven lands again, as well as the more numerous Men who settled between the Grey Mountains and [[Mirkwood]]. Once more, the Dwarves provided the Men with metal weapons and defensive measures in exchange for their skill in taming and riding horses, enabling them to function as mounted scouts and archers. Thus an [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]] was formed, resulting in mutual respect and also warm friendship. During this period the Longbeards adopted the speech of Men, keeping their own language to themselves.<ref name=relations /><br />
<br />
In {{SA|750|n}}, the [[Noldor]] established a new realm in [[Eregion]]. Being close to Khazad-dûm they established a friendship with Durin's Folk unlike any before between [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]]. Both peoples were enriched, and the Elves (seduced by [[Sauron]]) forged the [[Rings of Power]] (the forging began about {{SA|1500|n}} and one of these was given to [[Durin III]], according to the dwarves by [[Celebrimbor]] himself, in Khazad-dûm<ref name="Durin"/>). In {{SA|1697|n}}, Eregion was [[Sack of Eregion|destroyed]] by Sauron, and the gates of Khazad-dûm were shut<ref name="SA"/> and remained so throughout the [[Dark Years]] of Sauron's dominion. Durin's Folk stayed enclosed in Khazad-dûm, which was unassailable from without; its wealth remained unravished, but communication between the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]] was cut off.<ref>{{PM|Relations}}, p. 306</ref> <br />
<br />
In the [[War of the Last Alliance]] in {{SA|3434|n}}, Durin's Folk sent forces to fight alongside the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
During the reign of [[Durin VI]] in the [[Third Age]], the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm delved deeper and deeper for [[mithril]], which had become increasingly harder to find. In {{TA|1980|n}} however, they accidentally awoke a hidden [[Balrogs|Balrog]] that had fled from the First Age and killed King [[Durin VI]]. Finally in {{TA|1981|n}} his son [[Náin I]] was also killed and all the people of Khazad-dûm were either destroyed or fled far away.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Most of Durin's Folk escaped to the north where in {{TA|1999|n}}<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> [[Thráin I]] established a new capital within [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], becoming [[King under the Mountain]]. By the [[Watchful Peace]] most Longbeards gathered to the [[Grey Mountains]] and King [[Thorin I]] left Erebor in {{TA|2210|n}}<ref name="TA"/> and travelled further north to settle there also. For a time they prospered there for the mountains were rich.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Unfortunately, there were [[dragons]] in the wastes north of the Grey Mountains, and in {{TA|2570|n}} they began [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|making war]] against the Longbeards. The conflict came to a climax in {{TA|2589|n}} when King [[Dáin I]]<ref name="TA"/> and his second son [[Frór]] were killed by a great [[Cold-drakes|cold-drake]] outside [[Dáin's halls|his halls]].<ref name="Durin"/> Soon after, most of Durin's Folk left the Ered Mithrin with [[Grór]], Dáin's third son, leading many followers to the Iron Hills in {{TA|2590|n}}.<ref name="TA"/><br />
<br />
In the same year, Dáin's first son and heir, [[Thrór]], with his uncle [[Borin]] and the remainder of the departing Longbeards, returned to Erebor. There they prospered, winning the friendship of all Men nearby, and trafficking in ore with their kin in the Iron Hills.<ref name="Durin"/> News of the wealth of Erebor spread and reached the dragons, and in {{TA|2770|n}} [[Smaug]] suddenly descended upon the Mountain, and [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] it.<ref name="TA"/> Although many Dwarves were killed, many escaped as well. Among them were King Thrór and his family who headed south into a long homeless wandering while most of the surviving Longbeards headed east to the Iron Hills.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
[[File:Turner Mohan - The Heir of Durin.jpg|thumb|''The Heir of Durin'' by [[:Category:Images by Turner Mohan|Turner Mohan]]]]<br />
The followers of Thrór eventually settled in [[Dunland]]<ref name="Durin"/> where in {{TA|2790|n}} Thrór left "to see what I can find."<ref name="TA"/> With a companion, [[Nár]], he came to the east gate of Khazad-dûm and entered as a returning heir. For days Nár waited in hiding outside until Thrór’s body was tossed from the gates by the Orc-chieftain [[Azog]], who told Nár to go warn his kin never to return to Moria. Nár went back to [[Thráin]], Thrór's son to report what had happened. Now King and filled with anger, Thráin II sent word to all the houses of the Dwarves to prepare for war.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
By {{TA|2793|n}} the Dwarves had mustered a great host. Durin's Folk and large forces from the other Houses were ready to launch a [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs|war of vengeance]].<ref name="TA"/> For six years, From Gundabad to the [[Gladden River|Gladden]], they sacked and assaulted every Orc dwelling they could find. Defeating the [[Orcs]] through strength, matchless weapons, and burning anger.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
At last on a dark winter day in {{TA|2799|n}} the Dwarf-host came to Azanulbizar<ref name="TA"/> and found a great host of Orcs awaiting them. Undeterred, the Dwarves, led by Thráin II, made their assault, beginning the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. This final battle too the Dwarves won, but at great cost. In the end, Azog was beheaded and Thrór was avenged, but the Dwarves could not take Khazad-dûm, for within still dwelt Durin's Bane.<br />
<br />
With the war over, the Dwarves dispersed. [[Dáin Ironfoot]] led his contingent of Longbeards back to the Iron Hills. Thráin II, with [[Thorin]], [[Balin]], [[Glóin]], and others of their following returned to Dunland. Soon though they uprooted and wandered in Eriador until they established themselves in the northern [[Ered Luin]] beyond the [[Lhûn|Lune]]. There they prospered and their numbers slowly grew.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Thráin II decided to return to Erebor in {{TA|2841|n}} but as he travelled, he and his companions were pursued by Sauron's servants. One day in {{TA|2845|n}} Thráin was captured and imprisoned in [[Dol Guldur]]. Eventually, in {{TA|2850|n}}, [[Gandalf]] found him and received the key to Erebor, but the last of the [[Seven Rings]] had been taken and Gandalf was unable to rescue the Dwarf.<ref name="TA"/><br />
<br />
King Thorin II Oakenshield and his people continued to labour and traffic in the Ered Luin until one day Thorin sought and found Gandalf to solicit his counsel and aid in dealing with Smaug. Gandalf devised a plan for burglary, employing the service of [[Bilbo Baggins]] of [[the Shire]]. The plan succeeded and Smaug was slain, but in the subsequent [[Battle of Five Armies]] Thorin was killed. However, his cousin Dáin Ironfoot, who led a contingent of Dwarves in the battle, entered Erebor and restored the Kingdom under the Mountain as King Dáin II.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Durin's Folk grew strong in Erebor until during the [[War of the Ring]] their realm and that of the [[Kingdom of Dale]] were attacked by Sauron's northern forces. In the [[Battle of Dale]] in {{TA|3019|n}} King Dáin II fell and thereafter the Mountain was besieged. Upon the news of Sauron's downfall, however, the besieged routed the army of Sauron and Dáin's son, [[Thorin Stonehelm]] became the King under the Mountain as Thorin III.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Later history===<br />
After the fall of Sauron, [[Gimli]], the son of Glóin, brought some of Durin's Folk from Erebor south to [[Glittering Caves|Aglarond]] and there established a new Dwarf-realm. Gimli served as the [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]].<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Eventually, a descendant of [[Thorin III Stonehelm]], [[Durin VII]], led [[Durin's folk]] from [[Erebor]] back to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and restored the ancient kingdom sometime after {{FoA|171}}. There they remained "until the world grew old and the Dwarves failed and the days of Durin's race were ended."<ref name="Making">{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 278-9</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
<br />
In the Lost Tales, the Longbeards (the Indrafangs) were living in [[Belegost]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.) 1984: The History of Middle-Earth, vol. 2, [[The Book of Lost Tales]] Part Two, pp. 46, 68, 223, 230, etc. especially 247 and [[John D. Rateliff]] 2007: The History of the Hobbit, Part One, pp. 77f.</ref> They had part in the destruction of the realm of [[Tinwelint]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.) 1984: The History of Middle-Earth, vol. 2, [[The Book of Lost Tales]], Part Two, pp. 230, 232 - 235. </ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Sigin-tarâg'' is [[Khuzdul]] for "Longbeards", from ''[[sigin]]'' ("long") and ''[[tarâg]]'' ("beards"). The name was translated as ''Andafangar'' in [[Quenya]], and ''Anfangrim'' in [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 321 (note 21)</ref> <br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
Historically, the term "Longbeards" is the supposed original name of the [[Wikipedia:Lombards|Lombards]]. The Lombards became bankers and the Middle English "Lombard" means banker, money lender. This is expressed by Thorin: "... and the poorest of us had money to spent and to lend, ..."<ref>[[John D. Rateliff]] 2007: The History of the Hobbit, Part One, p. 71 and 77.</ref><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
{{dwarvenclans}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durins Volk]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/peuple_de_durin]]<br />
[[fi:Durinin heimo]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Northern_Waste&diff=356519Northern Waste2022-09-06T03:08:06Z<p>Tolkienator: Please keep the information in the infobox to a minimum. The reader can glean the details of the inhabitants from the main content which is rather short in length.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the region of [[Middle-earth]]|[[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]] supplement|[[The Northern Waste]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Northern Waste<br />
| image=[[File:Rob Alexander - Forod.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Forod" by Rob Alexander<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Forodwaith'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />
| location=North of [[Angmar]], [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] and [[Grey Mountains|Ered Mithrin]]<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=The icy, isolated north of [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| regions=[[Forochel]], [[Cape of Forochel]]<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=Primarily [[Men]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
| gallery=the Northern Waste<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Northern Waste''' was a vast cold region of mostly ice and snow, in the far north end of [[Middle-earth]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> beyond the [[Mountains of Angmar]], [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] and the [[Grey Mountains|Ered Mithrin]].<br />
<br />
The location was also named '''Forodwaith''' ([[Sindarin|S.]], "Northern lands, people") after the hardy [[Forodwaith (people)|Forodwaith]] folk, who once inhabited it.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The Northern Waste had always been bitterly cold due to its proximity to [[Morgoth]]'s realm and continued to remain cold into the later ages.<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|left|thumb|Angelo Montanini - ''Northern Waste'']]<br />
The region was once inhabited by a hardy [[Men|Mannish]] folk accustomed to the cold climate of the Northern Waste; the [[Forodwaith (people)|Forodwaith]] who gave the region its name. In later years, their [[Lossoth|remnants]] retreated to the [[Cape of Forochel]].<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to [[Frodo Baggins]]'s [[When evening in the Shire was grey|poem for Gandalf]], [[Gandalf]] had travelled to the Northern Waste.<ref>{{FR|Mirror}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Dragons]] also dwelt there<ref group="note">In [[Appendix A]], it is mentioned that "there were dragons in the wastes beyond [the Grey Mountains]." According to the map known as [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], these wastes to the north of the Grey Mountains are referred to as the "Forodwaith" and thus synonymous with the "Northern Waste."</ref> and after many years, they multiplied and became strong and made [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|war]] against the [[Dwarves]].<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref><ref name="durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> Among these dragons were [[Cold-drakes]] that drove the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] out of their homes.<ref name="durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Other versions of the legendarium ==<br />
In the first map of [[The Lord of the Rings]], the sea bordering the Northern Waste was labeled ''[[North Sea]]'' in pencil.<br />
<br />
[[File:Waste vs forodwaith.png|thumb|The different definitions of "Forodwaith" between the earlier and the later map.]]<br />
In the earliest [[General Map of Middle-earth]] by [[Christopher Tolkien]], the northern portion of the [[Westlands]] is featureless, labelled as "Northern Waste", with the name "Forodwaith", in smaller letters, above the [[Mountains of Angmar]]; this seemed to suggest that Forodwaith is a part of the wider Northern Waste, if not a smaller separate region. This nomenclature was carried over to [[Pauline Baynes]]'s ''[[A Map of Middle-earth]]''.<br />
<br />
Later, Christopher Tolkien realized that the two names are synonymous. The misunderstanding was corrected in the later map known as [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], where only the name "Forodwaith" appears, labeling all the blank portion north of the [[Mountains of Angmar]] and the [[Grey Mountains]].<ref name=intro>{{UT|IMap}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
=== Television ===<br />
[[File:The Rings of Power - S1 E1 - Northern Waste.webp|thumb|The Northern Waste from the [[A Shadow of the Past|first episode]] of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The Rings of Power]].]]<br />
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''<br />
:In the [[A Shadow of the Past|first episode]], [[Galadriel|Galadriel's]] company investigates a fortress located within the Northern Waste which, according to Amazon Prime's "X-Ray feature", was the home of [[Snow-trolls]], [[Trolls]] that had adapted to live within the harsh and cold climates of the North.<br />
<br />
{{References|notes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Evil realms]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish realms]]<br />
[[Category:Middle-earth]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[de:Forodwaith]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjoinen Autio]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/geographie/regions/forodwaith]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Northern_Waste&diff=356462Northern Waste2022-09-05T18:01:04Z<p>Tolkienator: Minor tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the region of [[Middle-earth]]|[[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]] supplement|[[The Northern Waste]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Northern Waste<br />
| image=[[File:Rob Alexander - Forod.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Forod" by Rob Alexander<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Forodwaith'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />
| location=North of [[Angmar]], [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] and [[Grey Mountains|Ered Mithrin]]<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=The icy, isolated north of Middle-earth<br />
| regions=[[Forochel]], [[Cape of Forochel]]<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=Primarily [[Men]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
| gallery=the Northern Waste<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Northern Waste''' was a vast cold region of mostly ice and snow, in the far north end of [[Middle-earth]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> beyond the [[Mountains of Angmar]], [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] and the [[Grey Mountains|Ered Mithrin]].<br />
<br />
The location was also named '''Forodwaith''' ([[Sindarin|S.]], "Northern lands, people") after the hardy [[Forodwaith (people)|Forodwaith]] folk, who once inhabited it.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Northern Waste had always been bitterly cold due to its proximity to [[Morgoth]]'s realm and continued to remain cold into the later ages.<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|left|thumb|Angelo Montanini - ''Northern Waste'']]<br />
The region was once inhabited by a hardy [[Men|Mannish]] folk accustomed to the cold climate of the Northern Waste; the [[Forodwaith (people)|Forodwaith]] who gave the region its name. In later years, their [[Lossoth|remnants]] retreated to the [[Cape of Forochel]].<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to [[Frodo Baggins]]'s [[When evening in the Shire was grey|poem for Gandalf]], [[Gandalf]] had travelled to the Northern Waste.<ref>{{FR|Mirror}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Dragons]] also dwelt there<ref group="note">In [[Appendix A]], it is mentioned that "there were dragons in the wastes beyond [the Grey Mountains]." According to the map known as [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], these wastes to the north of the Grey Mountains are referred to as the "Forodwaith" and thus synonymous with the "Northern Waste."</ref> and after many years, they multiplied and became strong and made [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|war]] against the [[Dwarves]].<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref><ref name="durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> Among these dragons were [[Cold-drakes]] that drove the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] out of their homes.<ref name="durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
[[File:Waste vs forodwaith.png|thumb|The different definitions of "Forodwaith" between the earlier and the later map.]]<br />
In the earliest [[General Map of Middle-earth]] by [[Christopher Tolkien]], the northern portion of the [[Westlands]] is featureless, labelled as "Northern Waste", with the name "Forodwaith", in smaller letters, above the [[Mountains of Angmar]]; this seemed to suggest that Forodwaith is a part of the wider Northern Waste, if not a smaller separate region. This nomenclature was carried over to [[Pauline Baynes]]'s ''[[A Map of Middle-earth]]''.<br />
<br />
Later, Christopher Tolkien realized that the two names are synonymous. The misunderstanding was corrected in the later map known as [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], where only the name "Forodwaith" appears, labeling all the blank portion north of the [[Mountains of Angmar]] and the [[Grey Mountains]].<ref name=intro>{{UT|IMap}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:The Rings of Power - S1 E1 - Northern Waste.webp|thumb|The Northern Waste from the [[A Shadow of the Past|first episode]] of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The Rings of Power]].]]<br />
<br />
{{References|notes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Evil realms]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish realms]]<br />
[[Category:Middle-earth]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[de:Forodwaith]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjoinen Autio]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/geographie/regions/forodwaith]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Northern_Waste&diff=356461Northern Waste2022-09-05T17:59:46Z<p>Tolkienator: Cleaned up some speculation and added a note clarifying the existence of dragons</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the region of [[Middle-earth]]|[[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]] supplement|[[The Northern Waste]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Northern Waste<br />
| image=[[File:Rob Alexander - Forod.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Forod" by Rob Alexander<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames='''Forodwaith''' ([[Sindarin|S.]])<br />
| location=North of [[Angmar]], [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] and [[Grey Mountains|Ered Mithrin]]<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=The icy, isolated north of Middle-earth<br />
| regions=[[Forochel]], [[Cape of Forochel]]<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=Primarily [[Men]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
| gallery=the Northern Waste<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Northern Waste''' was a vast cold region of mostly ice and snow, in the far north end of [[Middle-earth]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> beyond the [[Mountains of Angmar]], [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] and the [[Grey Mountains|Ered Mithrin]].<br />
<br />
The location was also named '''Forodwaith''' ([[Sindarin|S.]], "Northern lands, people") after the hardy [[Forodwaith (people)|Forodwaith]] folk, who once inhabited it.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Northern Waste had always been bitterly cold due to its proximity to [[Morgoth]]'s realm and continued to remain cold into the later ages.<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|left|thumb|Angelo Montanini - ''Northern Waste'']]<br />
The region was once inhabited by a hardy [[Men|Mannish]] folk accustomed to the cold climate of the Northern Waste; the [[Forodwaith (people)|Forodwaith]] who gave the region its name. In later years, their [[Lossoth|remnants]] retreated to the [[Cape of Forochel]].<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to [[Frodo Baggins]]'s [[When evening in the Shire was grey|poem for Gandalf]], [[Gandalf]] had travelled to the Northern Waste.<ref>{{FR|Mirror}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Dragons]] also dwelt there<ref group="note">In [[Appendix A]], it is mentioned that "there were dragons in the wastes beyond [the Grey Mountains]." According to the map known as [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], these wastes to the north of the Grey Mountains are referred to as the "Forodwaith" and thus synonymous with the "Northern Waste."</ref> and after many years, they multiplied and became strong and made [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|war]] against the [[Dwarves]].<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref><ref name="durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> Among these dragons were [[Cold-drakes]] that drove the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] out of their homes.<ref name="durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
[[File:Waste vs forodwaith.png|thumb|The different definitions of "Forodwaith" between the earlier and the later map.]]<br />
In the earliest [[General Map of Middle-earth]] by [[Christopher Tolkien]], the northern portion of the [[Westlands]] is featureless, labelled as "Northern Waste", with the name "Forodwaith", in smaller letters, above the [[Mountains of Angmar]]; this seemed to suggest that Forodwaith is a part of the wider Northern Waste, if not a smaller separate region. This nomenclature was carried over to [[Pauline Baynes]]'s ''[[A Map of Middle-earth]]''.<br />
<br />
Later, Christopher Tolkien realized that the two names are synonymous. The misunderstanding was corrected in the later map known as [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], where only the name "Forodwaith" appears, labeling all the blank portion north of the [[Mountains of Angmar]] and the [[Grey Mountains]].<ref name=intro>{{UT|IMap}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:The Rings of Power - S1 E1 - Northern Waste.webp|thumb|The Northern Waste from the [[A Shadow of the Past|first episode]] of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The Rings of Power]].]]<br />
<br />
{{References|notes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Evil realms]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish realms]]<br />
[[Category:Middle-earth]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[de:Forodwaith]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjoinen Autio]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/geographie/regions/forodwaith]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Last_prince_of_Cardolan&diff=355264Talk:Last prince of Cardolan2022-08-29T19:22:40Z<p>Tolkienator: /* Why...? */ A speedy note for deletion</p>
<hr />
<div>== Why...? ==<br />
<br />
This character is only mentioned once in the legendarium and doesn't even have a name. It doesn't hold any value on its own as all the important info on this page is already mentioned in the "Angmar War" page. I propose a quick move to deletion.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] 12:53, 26 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I agree with the reasons for deletion that were already provided by Tolkienator. This page should be deleted. The little information that is known about the last prince of Cardolan and the dream in the barrow in the barrow Downs is already or can be included in existing pages. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 14:52, 26 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Agreed. --[[User:Ancalagon the Black|Ancalagon the Black]] 15:42, 26 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I think we can keep it, the wiki has no problem with unnamed topics. But the article needs to be cleaned up to be more focused on the character. Idk if the author saw this or not, but he looks quite rude including a dozillion links after the deletion was proposed. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 17:30, 10 June 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::I think it should be deleted. There is no confirmation of a kingship in Cardolan, no less the ambiguity of a prince in Cardolan. With all the relevant information about this character existing in the Angmar War article, this page should be swiftly deleted. Not to mention the heavy speculation in the "Mentions" and "Family" sub-sections of the article.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] 03:51, 12 June 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:::I do not have access to The Lord of the Rings - A Readers Companion, which is often cited as a source in the article, especially in the "Mentions" and "Family" sub-sections of the article. As a consequence, I can not verify, whether the speculations are included in this reputable Source that was written by two reputable Tolkien scholars. Even if the speculations were only made by the author of the article, it is explained in the article on which facts the speculations are based and the wording in the article makes clear that they are speculations. Some users of Tolkien Gateway have probably already wondered who the person in the dream was. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 05:10, 12 June 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:::I have the book. If nobody does it first, I'll revise the references and the content of the article when I can. Then we can decide if it is deleted or not. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 10:48, 12 June 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I think this article should be removed. While we do not exactly have a standard of notoriety that I am aware of, this character receives only a passing mention. His entire existence could easily fit in somewhere else on the wiki.[[User:Turiannerevarine|Turiannerevarine]] 18:09, 22 October 2021 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Agreed. Perhaps some of the content that is not speculative in nature should be moved to and merged with the Cardolan and Barrow-downs articles.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] ([[User talk:Tolkienator|talk]]) 19:22, 29 August 2022 (UTC)</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elves_of_Lindon&diff=355253Elves of Lindon2022-08-29T15:08:29Z<p>Tolkienator: /* History */ Fixed incorrect Khazad-Dûm re-direct</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Elves of Lindon<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption=''Elves of Lindon'' by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=[[Eldar]] of [[Lindon]]<br />
| origin=Survivors of the destruction of [[Beleriand]] in the [[War of Wrath]]<br />
| location=[[Lindon]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[White Council]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Nandorin]]<br />
| members=[[Cirdan]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]]<br />
| lifespan=Immortal<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Elves of Lindon''' were those [[Elves]] who dwelt in [[Lindon]] in the west of [[Middle-earth]], between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Rule of Gil-galad===<br />
In {{SA|1}},<ref name=SA/> the [[Elves]] built the [[Grey Havens]] in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] where the [[Eldar]] sailed the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings/> This was the foundation of [[Lindon]] and its people.<ref name=SA/> Among those that remained were [[Círdan the Shipwright]], [[Celeborn|Celeborn of Doriath]], [[Galadriel]], [[Elrond]], and [[Celebrimbor]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref> [[Gil-galad]] was the last heir of the [[King of the Noldor|kings of the Noldor]] in exile, and acknowledged as [[High King of the Noldor|High King of the Elves of the West]] and so, he was their king.<ref name=rings/><ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
In the beginning of the [[Second Age]], most of the [[Noldor]] that remained in [[Middle-earth]] dwelt in [[Lindon]] but,<ref name=SA/> many [[Teleri]], survivors of [[Doriath]] and [[Ossiriand]], left [[Lindon]] before {{SA|1000}} to establish realms among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=princes/> [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] brought many [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], and [[Green-elves]]<ref name=concerning/> out of Lindon into [[Eriador]] to dwell there for some time.<ref name=concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Many of the [[Noldor]] in Lindon lead by [[Celebrimbor]] established the realm of [[Eregion]] in {{SA|750}} near the [[West-gate]] of [[Moria|Khazad-Dûm]] due to the recent discovery of [[mithril]] in [[Moria|Khazad-Dûm]].<ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], an emissary of the [[Valar]], came seeking entrance. Gil-galad and Master [[Elrond]] sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. Messengers were sent from [[Lindon]] with warnings; but they were unheeded, and Annatar was received gladly, mostly in [[Eregion]]. However, [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] were proven correct, as Annatar was indeed [[Sauron]] and later, [[War of the Elves and Sauron|there was war in Eriador]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> [[Elrond]] led the Elves of Lindon in [[Sack of Eregion|battle to defend Eregion]]. With them, and other [[Elves of Eregion|Elves]] who fled the destruction of [[Eregion]], he established [[Imladris]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref name=SA/> In the [[Dark Years]], [[Sauron]] had conquered most of the [[Westlands]], but in {{SA|1700}} [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a fleet to [[Lindon]], aiding the Elves of Lindon to drive [[Sauron]] out of [[Eriador]].<ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/> After those events, the Elves of Lindon were diminished and did not extend their realm east of the [[Blue Mountains]] anymore.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 75</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Ar-Pharazôn]] captured Sauron and took him to [[Númenor]], the [[Westlands]] found peace, and Gil-galad was free to extend his power and influence so that the Elves of Lindon controlled most of the [[Westlands]], even to the borders of [[Greenwood the Great]], until the [[Downfall of Númenor]], when Sauron returned to Middle-earth.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
At the end of the Age, Gil-galad joined the [[Last Alliance]] and led the Elves of Lindon to the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Some of the [[Silvan Elves]] felt hostility towards the [[Noldor]] of Lindon, and did not cooperate, suffering heavy losses.<ref name=princes/><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|thumb|left|''Northern Waste'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
After the fall of Gil-galad (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), there was still a remnant of his people, the [[Noldor]], who dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] of further inland in Lindon, who, aside from [[Rivendell]], were most of the remaining Noldor of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=rings/> The Elves of Lindon would often wander into [[Eriador]] but they mostly dwelt by the sea building the elven-ships in which many [[Eldar]] would depart to [[Valinor]].<ref name=rings/> [[Cirdan]] remained the Lord of the Havens and ruled the Elves of Lindon.<ref name=eriador/><ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
During the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon under [[Cirdan]] supported [[Arnor]] in the [[Angmar War]]. They assisted [[Arveleg I]] and [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with [[Círdan]]'s help, [[Arveleg I|Arveleg]]'s young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador/> They also assisted King [[Araval]] in a coalition with [[Rivendell]], in another battle against Angmar in {{TA|1851}}.<ref name=Elendil>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210</ref> In {{TA|1975}}, Elves from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue [[Arvedui Last-king]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The [[Third Age 1976|next year]], the Elves of Lindon joined the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], and Cirdan led them to victory in the [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the later [[Third Age]] some Elves from Lindon could be seen [[Wandering Companies|traversing]] [[the Shire]], especially during Spring and Autumn. It was some of the few occasions that [[Hobbits]] could see Elves.<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref> During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was sent to [[Rivendell]] on an errand for [[Círdan]] and he represented the Elves of Lindon at the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Last Ship]], carrying [[Círdan]] and [[Celeborn]], sailed at some unknown date after {{FoA|171}}.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
The original Elves of Lindon in the [[Elder Days]], were [[Laiquendi]], the [[Green-elves]] of [[Ossiriand]]. Even after the Elder Days passed, after they were joined by other [[Elves of Beleriand]], the Laiquendi remained; some of them removed to [[Eriador]]<ref name=concerning/> and others went to [[Rhovanion]] to live among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
[[Gil-galad]]'s people were mainly [[Noldor]]<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 65</ref> (especially from [[Gondolin]], but also from the [[House of Finarfin|Houses of Finarfin]] and [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]]); early in the [[Second Age]], most of the [[Noldor]] that remained in [[Middle-earth]] lived in Lindon.<ref name=SA/> During this time, the few [[Exiles]] that remained lived in Lindon.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref> Even in the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon consisted most of the [[Noldor]] that still lingered in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
The Elves of [[Harlindon]], the people of Lindon south of the [[Gulf of Lhûn]], were mostly [[Sindar]], ruled by [[Celeborn]] for some time.<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, Note 2</ref> Before the building of the [[Barad-dûr]], many [[Sindar]], survivors of [[Doriath]] uneasy living among the [[Noldor]] of [[Gil-galad]], went to east to establish realms among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=princes>{{UT|6b}}</ref><ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/> Some of these [[Sindar]] also removed to the shores of [[Lake Nenuial]].<ref name=concerning/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Elven peoples]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Black_N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=353766Black Númenóreans2022-08-23T20:01:53Z<p>Tolkienator: Undo revision 353760 by Tolkienator (talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Black Númenóreans<br />
| image=[[File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|Black Númenóreans]]" by Brian Durfee<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Sauronians<ref name=letter>{{L|156}}</ref><br />
| origin=[[Númenóreans]] seduced and corrupted by [[Sauron]]<br />
| location=The southern lands of [[Middle-earth]], and especially [[Umbar]]<br />
| affiliation=[[King's Men]], [[Sauron]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Exiles of Númenor]], [[Gondorians]]<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Westron]]<br />
| members=[[Herumor]], [[Fuinur]], [[Berúthiel]], [[The Mouth of Sauron]]<br />
| lifespan=<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Black Númenóreans''' emerged from the [[King's Men]] party;<ref name=Gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> they were cruel oppressors and overlords over the primitive [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]]. Since they were colonising the continent, they survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]] but swiftly diminished.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{main|King's Men}}<br />
The [[Númenóreans]]' power and knowledge had grown throughout the course of the [[Second Age]], and became increasingly preoccupied with the limits placed on their happiness—and eventually their power—by mortality, the purpose of which they began to question. They started fearing the [[Gift of Men]] and attempted to delay it or recall life. This growing wish to escape death made most of the Númenóreans envious of the immortal [[Eldar]], who they had come to physically resemble. The Eldar sought ever to remind the [[Men of Númenor]] however, that death was a gift of the One God, [[Ilúvatar]], to all men, and the will of Ilúvatar could not be gainsaid.<ref name=akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nevertheless, after {{SA|2221}}, when [[Tar-Ancalimon]] became [[King of Númenor]], the Númenóreans became divided. The [[King's Men]] turned away from the [[Valar]] and the Eldar and eventually became vulnerable to the corruption of [[Sauron]].<ref>{{L|211}}</ref><ref name=akallabeth/> <br />
<br />
Three of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] were powerful Númenórean lords corrupted by [[Sauron]].<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> 1000 years before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], they served [[Sauron]], being enslaved to his will, having become so because of their lust for power or knowledge.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Age===<br />
====Origin====<br />
Many of the [[King's Men]] who had sailed to the shores and seaward regions in the south of [[Middle-earth]] and established fortresses and dwellings during [[Sauron]]'s sojourn in [[Númenor]] were already bent to the will of Sauron.<ref name=Rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> As a consequence, the King's Men hated the followers of Elendil. Umbar was the northernmost stronghold of the King's Men.<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
====After the Downfall====<br />
The King's Men were afterwards called the Black Númenóreans.<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
When Sauron returned to Middle-earth after the [[Downfall of Númenor]] many of the Black Númenóreans served him still. Two Black Númenóreans, [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]] rose to power among the [[Haradrim]] in the lands south of Mordor.<ref name=Rings/><br />
<br />
As [[Sauron]] was preparing to go to [[War of the Last Alliance|war]] against the [[Elves]] and [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]], he gathered great strength of his servants from the south, including many Black Númenóreans.<ref name=Rings/> <br />
<br />
The triumph of the [[Last Alliance]] marked the decline of the Black Númenórean race.<ref name=Gondor/> They dwindled swiftly or became merged with the [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Gondor/> Although their race dwindled, their descendants retained control over Umbar and inherited their hatred of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Although they had dwindled, few notable figures still claimed to be of the Black Númenórean race in later times. One of these was [[Berúthiel|Queen Berúthiel]], the "nefarious, solitary, and loveless" wife of [[Gondor|Gondor's]] King [[Tarannon Falastur]], who ruled from {{TA|830}} until {{TA|913}} who had her exiled from Gondor and her name erased from the Book of Kings.<ref name=Interview>{{webcite|author=[[Daphne Castell]]|articleurl=http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/inttolkien.html|articlename=The Realms of Tolkien|dated=|website=[http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/index.html ''Festival in the Shire Journal'', Issue 1]|accessed=7 May 2012}}</ref><ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[The Inklings (book)|The Inklings]]'', "Thursday evenings", pp. 137-8</ref><ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> <br />
<br />
In {{TA|933}}, [[Kings of Gondor|King]] [[Eärnil I]] captured [[Umbar]], driving the lords of Umbar into exile.<ref name=Gondor/> 82 years later, in {{TA|1015}}, these lords led the [[Haradrim]] in a siege of Umbar during which King [[Ciryandil]] of Gondor, the son of Eärnil I, was killed.<ref name=Gondor/><ref group=note>It is not known if these lords were Black Númenóreans. It seems plausible, because they were still alive in T.A. 1015, 82 years after they had been driven out from Umbar in T.A. 933, which suggests they had a considerable longevity.</ref><br />
<br />
Another more notable Black Númenórean was the [[Mouth of Sauron]]. He "entered the service of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] when it first rose again" and learned great sorcery and had forgotten his own name.<ref name="Gate">{{RK|Gate}}</ref><ref group=note>It has been noted that this reference is difficult to interpret; according to [[Appendix B]] the Dark Tower arose first some time after {{SA|3320}} and again in {{TA|2951}}. If the Mouth lived in the [[Second Age]], he would be one of the King's Men of Númenor, and probably prolonged his life with sorcery (cf. {{HM|Guide}}, p. 274); in the second interpretation he would serve [[Sauron]] only for 68 years, and this would make him a Black Númenórean of the Third Age of Umbar or [[Harad]]. The second interpretation is more feasible (and supported by [[Michael Martinez]]) but both have been considered.</ref> He mocked the army of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] in front of the [[Morannon]].<ref name="Gate"/><br />
<br />
At the time of [[Gandalf]]'s travels to Harad, the settlements of the Men of Númenor on the coasts in the south beyond [[Umbar]] had been absorbed or had been made by Men who had already been corrupted by Sauron in Númenor and had become hostile and parts of Sauron's dominions. The southern regions of Harad in touch with Gondor were probably more convertible to the resistance against Sauron, but also places where Sauron was busy to gather man-power for his wars against Gondor.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> As a consequence, it is possible that the Men of Númenor in Umbar had not been absorbed by the Men of Harad.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
The Black Númenóreans were "enamoured of evil knowledge" and worshipped [[Sauron]].<ref name="Gate"/> They hated the followers of Elendil and their realm Gondor. After the fall of Sauron in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] their race dwindled swiftly or became merged with the Men of Middle-earth.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, footnote to the paragraph about King Eärnil I</ref> It is not known, whether this dwindling meant that their lifespan and knowledge dwindled like that of the Dúnedain of Gondor or that their numbers dwindled.<br />
<br />
It is possible that [[Faramir]] was referring to the King's Men or the Black Númenóreans, when he said that most of the Men of Númenor who settled far and wide on the shores and seaward regions of Midde-earth became enamoured of the Darkness and of black arts, some were idle and lived at ease and some fought among themselves until they were conquered by the wild men.<ref>{{TT|Window}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Black Númenórean.jpg|thumb|A typical Black Númenórean in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Black Númenóreans are portrayed in service of the different Lieutenants of the Enemy. The ''Angmarim'' inhabit the lands surrounding [[Carn Dum]] in [[Angmar]] and serve [[Mordirith]] and later [[Amarthiel]]. Much later, ''Umbarrim'' Black Númenóreans make appearance in [[Dol Guldur]] of [[Mirkwood]]. When the lands of [[Mordor]] are explored following the downfall of [[Sauron]], Black Númenórean cultists known as ''Mordorrim'' are shown to be among its inhabitants.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:[[Agandaûr]], the game's main antagonist, is a Black Númenórean<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/enemies|articlename=Enemies|dated=|website=www.warinthenorth.com|accessed=15 February 2012}}</ref> as is the minor character [[Wulfrun]], lieutenant of [[Carn Dûm]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Black Númenóreans| ]]<br />
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]<br />
[[de:Schwarze Númenorer]]<br />
[[fi:Mustat númenorilaiset]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Black_N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=353760Black Númenóreans2022-08-23T18:07:39Z<p>Tolkienator: Minor tweaks and moved some sections around</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Black Númenóreans<br />
| image=[[File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|Black Númenóreans]]" by Brian Durfee<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Sauronians<ref name=letter>{{L|156}}</ref><br />
| origin=[[King's Men]] seduced and corrupted by [[Sauron]] that colonized [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| location=The southern lands of [[Middle-earth]], and especially [[Umbar]]<br />
| affiliation=[[King's Men]], [[Sauron]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Exiles of Númenor]], [[Gondorians]]<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Westron]]<br />
| members=[[Herumor]], [[Fuinur]], [[Berúthiel]], [[The Mouth of Sauron]]<br />
| lifespan=<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Black Númenóreans''' emerged from the [[King's Men]] party;<ref name=Gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> they were cruel oppressors and overlords over the primitive [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]]. Since they were colonising the continent, they survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]] but swiftly diminished.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{main|King's Men}}<br />
The [[Númenóreans]]' power and knowledge had grown throughout the course of the [[Second Age]], and became increasingly preoccupied with the limits placed on their happiness—and eventually their power—by mortality, the purpose of which they began to question. They started fearing the [[Gift of Men]] and attempted to delay it or recall life. This growing wish to escape death made most of the Númenóreans envious of the immortal [[Eldar]], who they had come to physically resemble. The Eldar sought ever to remind the [[Men of Númenor]] however, that death was a gift of the One God, [[Ilúvatar]], to all men, and the will of Ilúvatar could not be gainsaid.<ref name=akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nevertheless, after {{SA|2221}}, when [[Tar-Ancalimon]] became [[King of Númenor]], the Númenóreans became divided. The [[King's Men]] turned away from the [[Valar]] and the Eldar and eventually became vulnerable to the corruption of [[Sauron]].<ref>{{L|211}}</ref><ref name=akallabeth/> <br />
<br />
Three of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] were powerful Númenórean lords corrupted by [[Sauron]].<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> 1000 years before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], they served [[Sauron]], being enslaved to his will, having become so because of their lust for power or knowledge.<br />
<br />
==Origin==<br />
Many of the [[King's Men]] who had sailed to the shores and seaward regions in the south of [[Middle-earth]] and established fortresses and dwellings during [[Sauron]]'s sojourn in [[Númenor]] were already bent to the will of Sauron.<ref name=Rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> These became the Black Númenóreans. As a consequence, the King's Men hated the followers of Elendil. Umbar was the northernmost stronghold of the King's Men.<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===After the Downfall===<br />
The King's Men were afterwards called the Black Númenóreans.<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
When Sauron returned to Middle-earth after the [[Downfall of Númenor]] many of the Black Númenóreans served him still. Two Black Númenóreans, [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]] rose to power among the [[Haradrim]] in the lands south of Mordor.<ref name=Rings/><br />
<br />
As [[Sauron]] was preparing to go to [[War of the Last Alliance|war]] against the [[Elves]] and [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]], he gathered great strength of his servants from the south, including many Black Númenóreans.<ref name=Rings/> <br />
<br />
The triumph of the [[Last Alliance]] marked the decline of the Black Númenórean race.<ref name=Gondor/> They dwindled swiftly or became merged with the [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Gondor/> Although their race dwindled, their descendants retained control over Umbar and inherited their hatred of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Although they had dwindled, few notable figures still claimed to be of the Black Númenórean race in later times. One of these was [[Berúthiel|Queen Berúthiel]], the "nefarious, solitary, and loveless" wife of [[Gondor|Gondor's]] King [[Tarannon Falastur]], who ruled from {{TA|830}} until {{TA|913}} who had her exiled from Gondor and her name erased from the Book of Kings.<ref name=Interview>{{webcite|author=[[Daphne Castell]]|articleurl=http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/inttolkien.html|articlename=The Realms of Tolkien|dated=|website=[http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/index.html ''Festival in the Shire Journal'', Issue 1]|accessed=7 May 2012}}</ref><ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[The Inklings (book)|The Inklings]]'', "Thursday evenings", pp. 137-8</ref><ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> <br />
<br />
In {{TA|933}}, [[Kings of Gondor|King]] [[Eärnil I]] captured [[Umbar]], driving the lords of Umbar into exile.<ref name=Gondor/> 82 years later, in {{TA|1015}}, these lords led the [[Haradrim]] in a siege of Umbar during which King [[Ciryandil]] of Gondor, the son of Eärnil I, was killed.<ref name=Gondor/><ref group=note>It is not known if these lords were Black Númenóreans. It seems plausible, because they were still alive in T.A. 1015, 82 years after they had been driven out from Umbar in T.A. 933, which suggests they had a considerable longevity.</ref><br />
<br />
Another more notable Black Númenórean was the [[Mouth of Sauron]]. He "entered the service of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] when it first rose again" and learned great sorcery and had forgotten his own name.<ref name="Gate">{{RK|Gate}}</ref><ref group=note>It has been noted that this reference is difficult to interpret; according to [[Appendix B]] the Dark Tower arose first some time after {{SA|3320}} and again in {{TA|2951}}. If the Mouth lived in the [[Second Age]], he would be one of the King's Men of Númenor, and probably prolonged his life with sorcery (cf. {{HM|Guide}}, p. 274); in the second interpretation he would serve [[Sauron]] only for 68 years, and this would make him a Black Númenórean of the Third Age of Umbar or [[Harad]]. The second interpretation is more feasible (and supported by [[Michael Martinez]]) but both have been considered.</ref> He mocked the army of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] in front of the [[Morannon]].<ref name="Gate"/><br />
<br />
At the time of [[Gandalf]]'s travels to Harad, the settlements of the Men of Númenor on the coasts in the south beyond [[Umbar]] had been absorbed or had been made by Men who had already been corrupted by Sauron in Númenor and had become hostile and parts of Sauron's dominions. The southern regions of Harad in touch with Gondor were probably more convertible to the resistance against Sauron, but also places where Sauron was busy to gather man-power for his wars against Gondor.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> As a consequence, it is possible that the Men of Númenor in Umbar had not been absorbed by the Men of Harad.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
The Black Númenóreans were "enamoured of evil knowledge" and worshipped [[Sauron]].<ref name="Gate"/> They hated the followers of Elendil and their realm Gondor. After the fall of Sauron in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] their race dwindled swiftly or became merged with the Men of Middle-earth.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, footnote to the paragraph about King Eärnil I</ref><ref group="note">It is not known, whether this dwindling meant that their lifespan and knowledge dwindled like that of the Dúnedain or that their numbers dwindled or both. Perhaps, this was a tendency shared by those of Númenórean descent but none can be said of this matter.</ref><br />
<br />
[[Faramir]] was referring to the Black Númenóreans when he said that most of the Men of Númenor who settled far and wide on the shores and seaward regions of Midde-earth became enamoured of the Darkness and of black arts; some were idle and lived at ease and some fought among themselves until they were conquered by the wild men.<ref>{{TT|Window}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Black Númenórean.jpg|thumb|A typical Black Númenórean in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Black Númenóreans are portrayed in service of the different Lieutenants of the Enemy. The ''Angmarim'' inhabit the lands surrounding [[Carn Dum]] in [[Angmar]] and serve [[Mordirith]] and later [[Amarthiel]]. Much later, ''Umbarrim'' Black Númenóreans make appearance in [[Dol Guldur]] of [[Mirkwood]]. When the lands of [[Mordor]] are explored following the downfall of [[Sauron]], Black Númenórean cultists known as ''Mordorrim'' are shown to be among its inhabitants.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:[[Agandaûr]], the game's main antagonist, is a Black Númenórean<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/enemies|articlename=Enemies|dated=|website=www.warinthenorth.com|accessed=15 February 2012}}</ref> as is the minor character [[Wulfrun]], lieutenant of [[Carn Dûm]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Black Númenóreans| ]]<br />
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]<br />
[[de:Schwarze Númenorer]]<br />
[[fi:Mustat númenorilaiset]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Belfalas&diff=349346Belfalas2022-06-24T16:04:20Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Belfalas<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Possibly equivalent to, or at least related to, [[Dor-en-Ernil|Dor-en-ernil]], the Land of the Prince<br />
| location=A wide promontory extending into the [[Bay of Belfalas]] northwestward of the [[Mouths of Anduin]]<br />
| type=Region/fief<br />
| description=A shoreland fief of southern [[Gondor]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=[[Edhellond]], [[Dol Amroth]], [[Linhir]], [[Ethring]]<br />
| inhabitants=Primary [[Gondorians]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=Loss of [[Amroth]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Belfalas''' was a great fief<ref name=Fief>{{RK|MT}}, p. 750</ref> in the south of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Map>{{FR|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
The fief of Belfalas was located between the mouth of the river [[Ringló]] and the mouth of the river [[Gilrain]].<ref name=CirionN39>{{UT|8e}}, Note 39</ref> West of the Ringló was the fief of [[Anfalas]]. East of the river Gilrain was the fief of [[Lebennin]]. In the south the coast of Belfalas lay the [[Bay of Belfalas]]. The fief of Lamedon was north of Belfalas at the foot of the [[White Mountains]]. The castle of [[Dol Amroth]] was located in the west of Belfalas on a high promontory that formed the southern end of the small bay of [[Cobas Haven]] into which the Ringló flowed.<ref name=Map/> The Elven haven of [[Edhellond]] was about 50 miles north of Dol Amroth south of the confluence of the river [[Morthond]] with the river Ringló.<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In the late [[First Age]] when the forces of [[Morgoth]] overwhelmed the [[Elves]] and [[Atani]], a group of [[Sindar]] fled in three small ships from the western havens of [[Beleriand]] and established the haven and a small settlement of [[Edhellond]]<ref name=Amroth>{{UT|Amroth}}, Note 18</ref> at the south of the confluence of the river [[Morthond]] with the river Ringló north of the hill that was later named [[Dol Amroth]] in the Third Age. Later the settlement was increased by Silvan Elves that sailed down the river [[Anduin]] to search for the sea.<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 67</ref><br />
<br />
Before {{SA|2221}}, after which the Númenóreans became divided into the party of the [[Faithful]] and the party of the [[King's Men]] on [[Númenor]], the [[Númenóreans]] established settlements in Belfalas.<ref name=Beards>{{NM|P2v}}, p. 189</ref> A family of [[Faithful]] [[Númenóreans]] related to [[Elendil]] emigrated from [[Númenor]] before the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and settled in Belfalas. After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] [[Elendil]], the new [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] of the [[Realms in Exile]] of Arnor and Gondor, granted them the title "Prince"<ref>{{UT|Eorl}}</ref><ref name=CirionN39/> and their land became a fief<ref name=Fief/> of [[Gondor]] and was called [[Dor-en-Ernil]] ("Land of the Prince").<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, note 14</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1981}} [[Amroth]], the [[King of Lórien]], left his [[Lothlórien|realm]] with his beloved [[Nimrodel]] to sail to [[Aman]] from Edhellond, because Nimrodel wanted to flee to a land of peace from the [[Balrog|terror]] that came out of [[Moria]] and that had driven out the [[Dwarves]]. Amroth became separated from Nimrodel who got lost in the [[White Mountains]] and waited for her on the last ship that was anchoring at Edhellond. When the ship was blown prematurely out to sea, he jumped overboard in a futile attempt to reach the shore to search for her and drowned in the bay. The last of the Elves of Edhellond left Middle-earth on that ship.<ref name=Amroth/><br />
<br />
After the drowning of Amroth, the hill on which the stronghold of the Princes of Belfalas was located was called Dol Amroth (the "Hill of Amroth") and [[Galador]], the son of [[Imrazôr]], who according to legend had married the Elven-lady [[Mithrellas]], a companion of Nimrodel, became known as the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref name=CirionN39/><br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the nearby city of [[Linhir]] was attacked by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] and the [[Haradrim]] and Men of [[Lamedon]] under [[Angbor]] tried to keep them off, until the [[Grey Company]] with the [[wraiths]] of the [[Oathbreakers]] arrived and ended the conflict.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
The people of Belfalas were mostly descendents of Númenórean settlers. They frequently used [[Adûnaic]] names out of tradition, because their Númenórean ancestors had settled in Befalas before the division of the Númenóreans into the Faithful and the King's Men and the use of Adûnaic was at that time not connected with a rebellion against the Valar.<ref name=Beards/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name ''Belfalas'' consists of ''[[bel]]'', (a [[Pre-Númenórean]] element of unknown meaning) and the [[Sindarin]] word ''[[falas]]'' ("shore").<ref name=VT>{{VT|42a}}, p. 15</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Havens of Belfalas were an area in the region of Western [[Gondor]]. They were located south of the [[Blackroot Vale]] via "Tarlang's Crown" and south-west of [[Lamedon]]. The "Emyn Ernil" lay to the east, dividing Belfalas from [[Dor-en-Ernil]]. A later update added the Cape of Belfalas, a location for Gondor-themed player homes along the coast between the Havens and Dor-en-Ernil. The capital was [[Dol Amroth]] and other settlements included "Tadrent" and "Ost Lontir". There were two [[Warning beacons of Gondor|beacons]] in Belfalas, on the north edges of the Emyn Ernil: "Amon Lontir" and "Nendath". The small island "Tol Aduial" was in the bay north of Dol Amroth and the larger island "Tol Fennas" was west of Dol Amroth. A reclusive group of [[Elves]], the "Avorrim", kept watch upon the abandoned haven of [[Edhellond]] in secret.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
[[de:Belfalas]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:belfalas]]<br />
[[fi:Belfalas]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BAnedain&diff=348989Dúnedain2022-06-15T03:58:10Z<p>Tolkienator: /* Language */ Minor tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Dúnedain<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈduːnedaɪn]}}<br />
| othernames=Great People of the West, Men of the Ancient Houses, Men of the West, Men of Westernesse<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenoreans]] in [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[Grey Company]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]] <br />
| members=[[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]], [[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], [[Faramir]], [[Imrahil]], [[Morwen Steelsheen]]<br />
| lifespan=''[[#Waning of the Dúnedain|See below]]''<br />
| distinctions=Superior to the other Men of [[Middle-earth]] in nobility of spirit and body<br />
| height=About 6'4"<ref name=height>{{UT|Linear}}</ref><br />
| hair=Dark<br />
| skin=Pale<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|Where now are the Dúnedain, Elessar, Elessar?<br />Why do thy kinsfolk wander afar?|[[Galadriel's messages]]}}<br />
<br />
The '''Dúnedain''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "West-men"), singular '''Dúnadan''', were the [[Men of Númenor]] and their descendants who peopled the [[Westlands]] of [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.<ref group=note>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] uses the terms ''Númenoreans'' and ''Dúnedain'' interchangeably; for clarity, [[Tolkien Gateway]] interprets the term '''Númenor'''eans literally, as those Dúnedain who were actually living ''on'' Númenor during the Second Age, whereas this article treats the race of Dúnedain in general (in Middle-earth and the Third Age).</ref><br />
<br />
Although they were from the beginning far fewer in number than the [[Middle Men|lesser men]], the Dúnedain were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the [[Middle Men|Men of Middle-earth]] among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
The Dúnedain descend from the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], having granted and settled the island of [[Númenor]] in the [[Second Age]]. Many [[Men of Númenor]] settled in [[Middle-earth]], such as in [[Belfalas]], [[Umbar]] and [[Pelargir]]. The ancestors of the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]], were the most prominent of these.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his sons led the [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]] to Middle-earth. Many who were in whole or part of [[Númenorean]] blood welcomed them and proceeded to found the [[Realms in Exile]], [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], they were divided as the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] and the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]], following the death of [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], in {{TA|2}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Division===<br />
====In Arnor====<br />
:See also: ''[[Dúnedain of Arnor]]''.<br />
[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], but his people were diminished, and there were too few [[Númenoreans]] and native [[Men of Eriador]] to people the land or maintain the places [[Elendil]] built; many had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]], the seventh king that followed [[Valandil]], the [[Dúnedain of the North]] became divided into petty realms and lordships, and the witch-realm of [[Angmar]] destroyed them one by one.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
The remnants of the [[Northern Dúnedain]] were also heavily affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died on the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], the [[Dúnedain of the North]] were reduced to [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten, save in [[Imladris]], where the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured and their line, from father to son, remained unbroken.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
====In Gondor====<br />
:See also: ''[[Dúnedain of Gondor]]''.<br />
In the south, the realm of [[Gondor]] endured and the splendour and might of the [[Dúnedain of the South]] grew, until it resembled the wealth and majesty of [[Númenor]] during the reign of [[Hyarmendacil I]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name="AppB"/><br />
<br />
However, in the later [[Third Age]], the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] waned for their blood became much mingled with that of other men, especially the [[Northmen of Rhovanion]]. King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], who himself had [[Northmen|Northmannish]] blood, showed favour to the [[Northmen]] who supported him. This led to the [[Kin-strife]], when many of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] were slain. After his return from exile, many noble houses, including the royal [[House of Anárion]], became more mingled with the blood of "lesser" Men.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
After the reign of King [[Eärnur]], royal descendants among the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure [[Númenórean]] blood, or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new [[Kin-strife]] that would devastate the kingdom. Thus, by default, [[Mardil]] began the line of [[Ruling Stewards of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
After the [[Stewards]] picked up the southern rule, the remnant of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] still defended the passage of the [[Anduin]] against the terrors of [[Minas Morgul]] and against all the enemies of the West.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] lived in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, as well as the tributary fiefs and royal lands of [[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], and [[Belfalas]].<ref name=languages/><ref name="Language">{{PM|Languages}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Reunification===<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their the might and dignity was lifted up and their glory renewed.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Appearance===<br />
They were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref><ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref><ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> Although the stature of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent decreased from what it once was (more than 2 [[ranga]]), the Dúnedain were still about 2 [[ranga]] or 6'4" on average.<ref name=height>{{UT|Linear}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Waning of the Dúnedain===<br />
The [[Third Age]] marked the beginning of the waning of the Dúnedain, in which their gifts of wisdom, nobility, and long life were slowly withdrawn due to the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and their mingling with [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
In the beginning of their history, the Dúnedain were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=languages/> <br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]] hastened the waning of the Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> "More swift was the waning in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]], for [[Eriador]] became colder and there, the Dúnedain became ever less".<ref>{{PM|Third}}, p. 227</ref> The Dúnedain of Arnor, unlike their [[Gondorians|kin to the South]], were of unmingled [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.<ref name=blood>{{VT|42a}}, pp. 11-3</ref> Although, their lifespans ever continued to shorten, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], especially their [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains]], maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=eriador/><ref>{{PM|Second}}</ref> The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] even lived up to 160 years or more.<ref name=Tale>{{PM|Aii}}, p. 263</ref><br />
<br />
After [[Gondor]]'s numbers were replenished by lesser [[Northmen]] after the [[Kin-Strife]], the mingling did not at first hasten the waning of the Dúnedain, as had been feared, but it still proceeded little by little as it had before.<ref name=gondor/> However, after the fall of the [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]], the waning was much swifter in [[Gondor]] than in [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador/> In fact, [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]] the seventh [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] was the last [[Gondorian]] to live 150 years and after his time the life-span of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood waned more rapidly.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], few among the [[Gondorians]] passed 100 years with vigour, except in the more pure and noble houses.<ref>{{RK|Houses}}</ref><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]], the might and dignity of the Dúnedain was lifted up and their glory was renewed.<ref name=rings/> Greatest among them was their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] [[Aragorn II Elessar]] who lived up to 210 years (the longest since King [[Arvegil]]),<ref name=eriador/> and he received in some measure their former gifts. He wedded [[Arwen Undomiel]], daughter of [[Elrond]], brother of [[Elros]] first [[King of Númenor|King of Númenór]], and so restored the majesty and high lineage of the royal [[House of Telcontar]], but their life-span was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
==Language==<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], [[Sindarin]] was the regular spoken tongue of the [[Exiles of Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|7}}, note 16</ref> When they arrived on the coasts of [[Middle-earth]], few among the colonists on the coasts remembered [[Sindarin]] since the neglected [[Adûnaic]] was used as a ''lingua franca'' among the [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]], which developed into the [[Westron]] tongue.<ref name=Atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><ref name=languages/> They used the [[Common Speech]] in their dealings with other folk and in their governmental affairs. They enlarged the language and enriched it with many words from the Elven-tongues. In the days of the Númenorean kings, [[Westron]] became used more and more by the Dúnedain themselves.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
Among the Dúnedain, "the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood in any degree," for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin|Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}, p. 34</ref> Many of the [[Men of Gondor]] could also speak the [[Elvish]] tongues, a notable distinction and characteristic among the Dúnedain there.<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in early youth (by the Dúnedain) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood. For example, the [[Stewards of Gondor]] belonged to a [[House of Húrin|noble family of Dúnedain]] of the ancient [[Faithful]] who used (beside the [[Common Speech]]) the [[Númenórean Sindarin]] tongue after the fashion of [[Gondor]]. It had changed very little since the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and though the [[Men of Gondor]] altered some of the sounds, they could still understand the [[Elves]] and be understood by them.<ref name="Elendil"/> [[Westron]] became used more and more by the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Sindarin]] was known to only a small part of the peoples of [[Gondor]] (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> <br />
<br />
[[Quenya]] was used by the Dúnedain, a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Gondor]] as well as all the [[Stewards]] until [[Mardil Voronwë]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=languages/><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names. The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> At the end of the [[Third Age]], there were more Men (being of Dúnedain descent) that knew [[Quenya]] or spoke [[Sindarin]] than there were [[Elves]] (those of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lórien]]) who did either.<ref name="quenya"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Dunedain.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
{{quote|I thought you knew enough [[Elvish]] at least to know ''[[dûn|dún]]-[[adan]]'': Man of the West, Númenórean.|[[Bilbo Baggins]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Many Meetings]]"}}<br />
<br />
They are also called the ''Men of the West'' and the ''Men of Westernesse'' (direct translations of the [[Sindarin]] term) and comes from ''[[dûn]]'' and ''[[adan]]''.<br />
<br />
The [[Quenya]] name was '''Núnatan''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈnuːnatan]}}), pl. '''Núnatani''' (pron. {{IPA|[nuːˈnatani]}}).<br />
<br />
The [[Westron]] name for ''Dúnadan'' was simply '''[[Adûn]]''', "westerner", but this name was seldom used.<br />
<br />
''[[The Silmarillion]]'' is explicit in noting that "Númenoreans" and "Dúnedain" are synonymous terms. Nevertheless, it seems more usual to call those born in [[Númenor]] "'''Númenoreans'''" and their descendants living in [[Middle-earth]] post-[[Akallabêth]] "'''Dúnedain'''".<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Black Númenóreans]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.zarkanya.net/Tolkien/Decline%20of%20the%20Numenoreans_original.htm Decline of the Lifespan of the Númenóreans] and [http://www.zarkanya.net/Tolkien/Stewards_and_Dol_Amroth.htm The Lifespans of the Ruling Stewards of Gondor and the Lords of Dol Amroth], by Alcuin<br />
<br />
{{references|n}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunedain}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain| ]]<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]<br />
[[de:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain]]<br />
[[fi:Dúnedain]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_under_the_Mountain&diff=348988Kingdom under the Mountain2022-06-15T03:49:25Z<p>Tolkienator: /* Sack of Erebor= */ Minor tweaks to the page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - The Lonely Mountain 2.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Kingdom under the Mountain<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=The Dwarf-kingdom, Erebor, Lonely Mountain, Mountain Kingdom<br />
| location=The [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Dwarves of Erebor]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]<br />
| govern1=[[King under the Mountain]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Khazad-Dûm]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{TA|1999}}<br />
| event2=Abandoned<br />
| event2date={{TA|2210}}<br />
| event3=Reclaimed<br />
| event3date={{TA|2590}}<br />
| event4=Lost&nbsp;to&nbsp;Smaug<br />
| event4date={{TA|2770}}<br />
| event5=Reclaimed<br />
| event5date={{TA|2941}}<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Kingdom under the Mountain''' was the name given to the Dwarf realm of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> It was founded in {{TA|1999}} when [[Thráin I]] came to the Lonely Mountain<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> and discovered the [[Arkenstone]].<ref name="Durin"/> The kingdom lasted until {{TA|2770|n}}, when [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] invaded and either killed the Dwarves or forced them to leave. When Smaug was slain in {{TA|2941|n}}, [[Dáin Ironfoot]] became King Dáin II and the kingdom was restored.<ref name="TA"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
While mining for [[mithril]] in {{TA|1980}}, the dwarves of [[Khazad-dûm]] awoke [[Durin's Bane|a Balrog]] and it killed King [[Durin VI]]. Many Dwarves died defending their city, including Durin's oldest son and heir, King [[Náin I]]. In {{TA|1981}}, the next in line, [[Thráin I]], fled with the rest of his people.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Thráin, with those who would follow him, went to the colony in the [[Lonely Mountain]] in {{TA|1999}} where he made himself [[King under the Mountain]],<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> and relocated the capital of the Longbeards. Under Thráin's rule the [[Arkenstone]] was discovered, and many riches were mined from its depths; After Thráin's death and his son [[Thorin I]] had ruled for ten years, he abandoned the Mountain in {{TA|2210}} for the [[Grey Mountains]]; where his people were now gathering.<br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
After King Thorin left the mountain was once again a colony, and its status as capital city was transferred to the Ered Mithrin.<br />
<br />
It was nearly four hundred years before Durin's folk returned in mass to the Lonely Mountain. The reason for this being that the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] had been fighting a [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons |war]] against the [[Dragons]], who had plagued the Dwarves for hundreds of years. In the year {{TA|2589}} King [[Náin II]] and middle son [[Frór]] were killed by a great [[Cold-drakes|Cold-drake]] at the entrance to their halls, which led to the decision by the two remaining heirs, [[Thrór]] and [[Grór]], to leave the mountains with those who wished to follow them,<br />
<br />
===Re-establishment===<br />
The [[Third Age 2590|following year]] the now king Thrór, led a group back to the Lonely Mountain, while his brother Grór led another portion to the Iron Hills, and even some stayed behind in the Ered Mithrin.<br />
<br />
Thrór eventually made it to the Lonely Mountain, and declared himself [[King under the Mountain]]. Under Thrór's rule the Lonely Mountain once again became the capital of Durin's folk, the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] became the best smiths and masons in Wilderland, trade increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills and elsewhere, and they also became very rich.<br />
<br />
===Sack of Erebor===<br />
{{main|Sack of Erebor}}<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Smaug the Destroyer.jpg|thumb|''Smaug the Destroyer'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br />
But with this new found prosperity came trouble. It wasn't long before the great dragon [[Smaug]] heard of their great wealth, and one day decided to take their treasure for himself. In the year {{TA|2770}}, Smaug descended on the mountain in a ball of fire. He killed King [[Girion]] of [[Dale]] with many of his knights, and he killed a large amount of the Dwarves living in the mountain. Most of the survivors fled to the Iron Hills, others went with the royal family into exile, and some simply went their own way.<br />
<br />
While Durin's folk wandered from the mountain to [[Dunland]] to the northern [[Blue Mountains]]; they ever longed for the halls of the Lonely Mountain.<br />
<br />
===Restoration===<br />
{{main|Quest of Erebor}}<br />
[[File:Brian Durfee - Returned Exiles.jpg|thumb|left|''Returned Exiles'' by Brian Durfee]]<br />
In {{TA|2941}}, with Gandalf's council, [[Thorin |Thorin Oakenshield]] and a [[Thorin and Company|company of twelve dwarves]], with the help of the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]], undertook the Quest of Erebor and retook the city and treasure. In the meantime the Dragon Smaug went to destroy [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]], only to be killed by a man named [[Bard]]. <br />
<br />
Thorin was free to proclaim himself King under the Mountain. However the mountain was besieged by the Men of Esgaroth and the [[Elves of Mirkwood]], who wished recompensation for the damage done by the dragon. [[Dáin Ironfoot]] arrived to support Thorin, but a great host of [[Orcs]] and [[Wargs]] came to take the mountain. Then the Elves, Men, and Dwarves were united and [[Battle of Five Armies|fought]] against them. After Thorin's and his nephews' deaths, Dáin was made King of Durin's folk and of the mountain. Finally after so many years of longing the Longbeards finally returned to the Lonely Mountain.<br />
<br />
===Later history===<br />
Under Dáin's rule the Dwarves of Erebor became very rich and prosperous. They rebuilt the town of [[Dale]], their trade greatly increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills once again and with Men; and the Lonely Mountain was restored to its original greatness. But once again trouble began to brew in the east. The Men of Dale were nearing war with the [[Easterlings]], and in the year {{TA|3019}} an emissary from [[Sauron]] came to Dáin and said that if he were to give up the location of Bilbo (who had discovered the [[The One Ring|Ring of Power]] in his travels) that Sauron would return to him the three remaining [[Seven Rings|Dwarven rings]]. But being wary of the emissary, Dáin sent his kinsmen [[Glóin]] to [[Rivendell]] to warn Bilbo that Sauron was after him.<br />
<br />
Several months later the Dwarves aided the [[Men of Dale]] who defended them against [[Easterlings]]. The [[Battle of Dale]] lasted for 3 days until they were forced to retreat into the Mountain; King [[Brand]] and King Dáin were killed at its very gates. The Dwarves and Men held out for several days until the besieged came forth from the Lonely Mountain, and drove the attackers back to the [[East]], never to be bothered again.<br />
<br />
After the death of his father, [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]] became King of Durin's folk and King-under-the-Mountain. Ambassadors were sent to the crowning of the [[King Elessar]], and both kingdoms remained friends of [[Gondor]], subjects of the [[King of the West]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Königreich unter dem Berg]]<br />
[[fi:Vuorenalainen Kuningaskunta]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/royaume_sous_la_montagne]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_under_the_Mountain&diff=348987Kingdom under the Mountain2022-06-15T03:48:59Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - The Lonely Mountain 2.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Kingdom under the Mountain<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=The Dwarf-kingdom, Erebor, Lonely Mountain, Mountain Kingdom<br />
| location=The [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Dwarves of Erebor]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]<br />
| govern1=[[King under the Mountain]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Khazad-Dûm]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{TA|1999}}<br />
| event2=Abandoned<br />
| event2date={{TA|2210}}<br />
| event3=Reclaimed<br />
| event3date={{TA|2590}}<br />
| event4=Lost&nbsp;to&nbsp;Smaug<br />
| event4date={{TA|2770}}<br />
| event5=Reclaimed<br />
| event5date={{TA|2941}}<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Kingdom under the Mountain''' was the name given to the Dwarf realm of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> It was founded in {{TA|1999}} when [[Thráin I]] came to the Lonely Mountain<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> and discovered the [[Arkenstone]].<ref name="Durin"/> The kingdom lasted until {{TA|2770|n}}, when [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] invaded and either killed the Dwarves or forced them to leave. When Smaug was slain in {{TA|2941|n}}, [[Dáin Ironfoot]] became King Dáin II and the kingdom was restored.<ref name="TA"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
While mining for [[mithril]] in {{TA|1980}}, the dwarves of [[Khazad-dûm]] awoke [[Durin's Bane|a Balrog]] and it killed King [[Durin VI]]. Many Dwarves died defending their city, including Durin's oldest son and heir, King [[Náin I]]. In {{TA|1981}}, the next in line, [[Thráin I]], fled with the rest of his people.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Thráin, with those who would follow him, went to the colony in the [[Lonely Mountain]] in {{TA|1999}} where he made himself [[King under the Mountain]],<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> and relocated the capital of the Longbeards. Under Thráin's rule the [[Arkenstone]] was discovered, and many riches were mined from its depths; After Thráin's death and his son [[Thorin I]] had ruled for ten years, he abandoned the Mountain in {{TA|2210}} for the [[Grey Mountains]]; where his people were now gathering.<br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
After King Thorin left the mountain was once again a colony, and its status as capital city was transferred to the Ered Mithrin.<br />
<br />
It was nearly four hundred years before Durin's folk returned in mass to the Lonely Mountain. The reason for this being that the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] had been fighting a [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons |war]] against the [[Dragons]], who had plagued the Dwarves for hundreds of years. In the year {{TA|2589}} King [[Náin II]] and middle son [[Frór]] were killed by a great [[Cold-drakes|Cold-drake]] at the entrance to their halls, which led to the decision by the two remaining heirs, [[Thrór]] and [[Grór]], to leave the mountains with those who wished to follow them,<br />
<br />
===Re-establishment===<br />
The [[Third Age 2590|following year]] the now king Thrór, led a group back to the Lonely Mountain, while his brother Grór led another portion to the Iron Hills, and even some stayed behind in the Ered Mithrin.<br />
<br />
Thrór eventually made it to the Lonely Mountain, and declared himself [[King under the Mountain]]. Under Thrór's rule the Lonely Mountain once again became the capital of Durin's folk, the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] became the best smiths and masons in Wilderland, trade increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills and elsewhere, and they also became very rich.<br />
<br />
===Sack of Erebor====<br />
{{main|Sack of Erebor}}<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Smaug the Destroyer.jpg|thumb|''Smaug the Destroyer'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br />
But with this new found prosperity came trouble. It wasn't long before the great dragon [[Smaug]] heard of their great wealth, and one day decided to take their treasure for himself. In the year {{TA|2770}}, Smaug descended on the mountain in a ball of fire. He killed King [[Girion]] of [[Dale]] with many of his knights, and he killed a large amount of the Dwarves living in the mountain. Most of the survivors fled to the Iron Hills, others went with the royal family into exile, and some simply went their own way.<br />
<br />
While Durin's folk wandered from the mountain to [[Dunland]] to the northern [[Blue Mountains]]; they ever longed for the halls of the Lonely Mountain.<br />
<br />
===Restoration===<br />
{{main|Quest of Erebor}}<br />
[[File:Brian Durfee - Returned Exiles.jpg|thumb|left|''Returned Exiles'' by Brian Durfee]]<br />
In {{TA|2941}}, with Gandalf's council, [[Thorin |Thorin Oakenshield]] and a [[Thorin and Company|company of twelve dwarves]], with the help of the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]], undertook the Quest of Erebor and retook the city and treasure. In the meantime the Dragon Smaug went to destroy [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]], only to be killed by a man named [[Bard]]. <br />
<br />
Thorin was free to proclaim himself King under the Mountain. However the mountain was besieged by the Men of Esgaroth and the [[Elves of Mirkwood]], who wished recompensation for the damage done by the dragon. [[Dáin Ironfoot]] arrived to support Thorin, but a great host of [[Orcs]] and [[Wargs]] came to take the mountain. Then the Elves, Men, and Dwarves were united and [[Battle of Five Armies|fought]] against them. After Thorin's and his nephews' deaths, Dáin was made King of Durin's folk and of the mountain. Finally after so many years of longing the Longbeards finally returned to the Lonely Mountain.<br />
<br />
===Later history===<br />
Under Dáin's rule the Dwarves of Erebor became very rich and prosperous. They rebuilt the town of [[Dale]], their trade greatly increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills once again and with Men; and the Lonely Mountain was restored to its original greatness. But once again trouble began to brew in the east. The Men of Dale were nearing war with the [[Easterlings]], and in the year {{TA|3019}} an emissary from [[Sauron]] came to Dáin and said that if he were to give up the location of Bilbo (who had discovered the [[The One Ring|Ring of Power]] in his travels) that Sauron would return to him the three remaining [[Seven Rings|Dwarven rings]]. But being wary of the emissary, Dáin sent his kinsmen [[Glóin]] to [[Rivendell]] to warn Bilbo that Sauron was after him.<br />
<br />
Several months later the Dwarves aided the [[Men of Dale]] who defended them against [[Easterlings]]. The [[Battle of Dale]] lasted for 3 days until they were forced to retreat into the Mountain; King [[Brand]] and King Dáin were killed at its very gates. The Dwarves and Men held out for several days until the besieged came forth from the Lonely Mountain, and drove the attackers back to the [[East]], never to be bothered again.<br />
<br />
After the death of his father, [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]] became King of Durin's folk and King-under-the-Mountain. Ambassadors were sent to the crowning of the [[King Elessar]], and both kingdoms remained friends of [[Gondor]], subjects of the [[King of the West]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Königreich unter dem Berg]]<br />
[[fi:Vuorenalainen Kuningaskunta]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/royaume_sous_la_montagne]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Adrahil_(Captain_of_the_Left_Wing)&diff=348403Adrahil (Captain of the Left Wing)2022-06-02T18:42:10Z<p>Tolkienator: Reorganized text and made consistent with the writings; he nor Imrazor were ever considered "Princes of Belfalas" though they belong more or less to the same Numenorean family</p>
<hr />
<div>{{rewrite}}<!--Stolen from EOA--><br />
{{disambig-two|the Captain of the Left Wing|father of [[Imrahil]]|[[Adrahil II]]}}<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Adrahil<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=Captain of the Left Wing<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Before {{TA|1944}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=Ancestor of [[Imrazôr]]<ref group="note"> His family associations and his dates both imply that he was [[Imrazôr]]'s father, but Tolkien never explicitly makes the connection. The dating is consistent with Adrahil being the father of Imrazôr, and hence [[Galador]]'s grandfather, but the evidence on this point is slim.</ref><ref name="Cirion"/><br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Adrahil''' was a [[Gondorian]] nobleman<ref name="Cirion"/> who was a captain in [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Ondoher]]'s army in {{TA|1944}}.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
As a descendant of the noble [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] family that settled in [[Belfalas]] in the [[Second Age]], he was an ancestor of the line of the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]].<ref name="CirionNote"/><br />
<br />
When King [[Ondoher]] led his army to face the [[Wainriders]] who threatened [[Gondor]], Adrahil commanded the army's left wing. The soldiers of the right wing were under the command of the King's nephew [[Minohtar]], while the centre was commanded by the king himself and his heir [[Artamir]].<ref name="Cirion"/> <br />
<br />
Ondoher's enterprise came to a devastating end: he was surprised by the [[Wainriders]], and his forces were overwhelmed. Adrahil's soldiers, however, were shielded from the attack and survived it. Ondoher and Artamir had both been killed, and Minohtar took charge, sending Adrahil along with both his own command of the Left Wing and those at the rear of the Right Wing who had not yet been engaged.<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
Adrahil withdrew south into [[Ithilien]] to form a defensive line from [[Cair Andros]] to the [[Ephel Dúath]]. With these forces he was to cover the approaches of [[Minas Tirith]] and allow Minohtar to form a rearguard and attempt to stem the advance of the Wainriders. Adrahil should at once message [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], and inform him of the disaster of the Morannon and of the position of the retreating Northern Army.<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
Adrahil's fate is uncertain; the [[Wainriders]] eventually broke through [[Minohtar]]'s more northerly defence, but whether they penetrated to Adrahil's position is unknown. Nothing more is said of him.<ref group="note">If he survived the initial assault, it seems likely that Adrahil would have joined with [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] in his counter-attack, seeing the ultimate defeat of the Wainriders at the [[Battle of the Camp]] though nothing can be said for certain of this matter.</ref> <br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |ADR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ADR='''ADRAHIL I'''<br/><small>''c. 1944''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |IMR|y|MIT|IMR=[[Imrazôr|Imrazȏr]]<br/><small>''1950-2076''</small>|MIT=''[[Mithrellas]]''}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |GAL| |GIL| | | | | | | | | |GAL= [[Galador]]<br/><small>''2004-2129''</small>|GIL=''[[Gilmith]]''}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |SEC| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |SEC=''[[Princes of Dol Amroth]]''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
== Other versions of the legendarium ==<br />
In the chapter "[[Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan|Cirion and Eorl]]" of ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', Adrahil is referred to as ''"Adrahil of Dol Amroth"''. However, since [[Dol Amroth]] would not be named as such until after the drowning of [[Amroth]] in {{TA|1981}} this must be an anachronistic error on the part of the chronicler.<ref name="CirionNote">{{UT|Cirion}}, Note 39.</ref><br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Adrahil]]<br />
[[fi:Adrahil (sotapäällikkö)]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Imraz%C3%B4r&diff=348400Imrazôr2022-06-02T18:24:57Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Imrazôr<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=The Númenórean<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Belfalas]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=<br />
| birth={{TA|1950}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|2076}}<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=126<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house= <br />
| parentage=Descendant of [[Adrahil I]]<ref group="note"> [[Adrahil I|Adrahil]]'s family associations and his dates both imply that he was Imrazôr's father, but Tolkien never explicitly makes the connection. The dating is consistent with Adrahil being the father of Imrazôr, and hence [[Galador]]'s grandfather, but the evidence on this point is slim.</ref><ref name="Cirion">{{UT|8e}}, note 39</ref><br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Mithrellas]]<br />
| children=[[Galador]] and [[Gilmith]] <br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Imrazôr''', known as the '''Númenórean''', was a [[Gondorians|Gondorian]] nobleman of [[Belfalas]] at the end of the second millennium of the [[Third Age]]. He was said to have wedded an [[Elves|Elf-maid]] named [[Mithrellas]], a wandering companion of [[Nimrodel]]. His son [[Galador]] was the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, ''Amroth and Nimrodel''</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The meaning of the name is not known, however it includes [[Adûnaic]] ''zôr'' which means "flame" or "foam".<br />
<br />
The first element ''imra'' (perhaps from *''imar'') is not translated but it also appears in the name of his descendant, [[Imrahil]] and perhaps [[Imâr]].<br />
<br />
Imrazôr, who seems to have retained the usage of Adûnaic in his House, was also known as the '''Númenórean'''. Why a Gondorian noble of the Third Age would be called "the Númenórean" is not made clear from the context.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The Line of Dol Amroth'', p. 220-222</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |ADR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ADR=[[Adrahil I]]<br/><small>''c. 1944''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |IMR|y|MIT|IMR='''IMRAZȎR'''<br/><small>''1950-2076''</small>|MIT=''[[Mithrellas]]''}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |GAL| |GIL| | | | | | | | | |GAL= [[Galador]]<br/><small>''2004-2129''</small>|GIL=''[[Gilmith]]''}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |SEC| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |SEC=''[[Princes of Dol Amroth]]''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In an early manuscript Imrazôr and not his son was numbered as the first Prince of Dol Amroth.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The Line of Dol Amroth'', p. 221-222</ref><br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Imrazor}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Adûnaic names]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Imrazôr]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/imrazor]]<br />
[[fi:Imrazôr]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Imraz%C3%B4r&diff=348399Imrazôr2022-06-02T18:24:14Z<p>Tolkienator: Cleaned up some fan misinformation regarding his status as a "Prince" which is non-evident in Tolkien's works</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Imrazôr<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=The Númenórean<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Belfalas]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=<br />
| birth={{TA|1950}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|2076}}<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=126<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house= <br />
| parentage=Descendant of [[Adrahil I]]<ref group="note"> [[Adrahil I|Adrahil]]'s family associations and his dates both imply that he was [[Imrazôr]]'s father, but Tolkien never explicitly makes the connection. The dating is consistent with Adrahil being the father of Imrazôr, and hence [[Galador]]'s grandfather, but the evidence on this point is slim.</ref><ref name="Cirion">{{UT|8e}}, note 39</ref><br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Mithrellas]]<br />
| children=[[Galador]] and [[Gilmith]] <br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Imrazôr''', known as the '''Númenórean''', was a [[Gondorians|Gondorian]] nobleman of [[Belfalas]] at the end of the second millennium of the [[Third Age]]. He was said to have wedded an [[Elves|Elf-maid]] named [[Mithrellas]], a wandering companion of [[Nimrodel]]. His son [[Galador]] was the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, ''Amroth and Nimrodel''</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The meaning of the name is not known, however it includes [[Adûnaic]] ''zôr'' which means "flame" or "foam".<br />
<br />
The first element ''imra'' (perhaps from *''imar'') is not translated but it also appears in the name of his descendant, [[Imrahil]] and perhaps [[Imâr]].<br />
<br />
Imrazôr, who seems to have retained the usage of Adûnaic in his House, was also known as the '''Númenórean'''. Why a Gondorian noble of the Third Age would be called "the Númenórean" is not made clear from the context.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The Line of Dol Amroth'', p. 220-222</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |ADR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ADR=[[Adrahil I]]<br/><small>''c. 1944''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |IMR|y|MIT|IMR='''IMRAZȎR'''<br/><small>''1950-2076''</small>|MIT=''[[Mithrellas]]''}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |GAL| |GIL| | | | | | | | | |GAL= [[Galador]]<br/><small>''2004-2129''</small>|GIL=''[[Gilmith]]''}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |SEC| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |SEC=''[[Princes of Dol Amroth]]''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In an early manuscript Imrazôr and not his son was numbered as the first Prince of Dol Amroth.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The Line of Dol Amroth'', p. 221-222</ref><br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Imrazor}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Adûnaic names]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Imrazôr]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/imrazor]]<br />
[[fi:Imrazôr]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Last_Alliance&diff=348310War of the Last Alliance2022-06-02T01:03:08Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{war<br />
| previous=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]<br />
| next= [[Angmar War]]<br />
| image=[[File:Matt DeMino - Sauron - War of the Last Alliance.png|300px]]<br />
| name= War of the Last Alliance<br />
| place= [[Mordor]] and the lower [[Vales of Anduin]]<br />
| result= Victory for the [[Last Alliance]]<br />
*Fall of [[Sauron]]<br />
*Loss of the [[One Ring]]<br />
*Decline of [[Elvendom]] in [[Middle-earth]] and the [[Men of Arnor]]<br />
| battles= [[First Fall of Minas Ithil]], [[Anárion's defence of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]<br />
| begin= {{SA|3429}}<br />
| end= {{SA|3441}}<br />
| side1= [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| side2= Forces of [[Sauron]]|<br />
|casual1=|<br />
|casual2=|<br />
| commanders1=<br />
[[Gil-galad]]† <br />
<br>[[Círdan]]<br />
<br>[[Elrond]]<br />
<br>[[Oropher]] † <br />
<br>[[Thranduil]]<br />
<br>[[Amdír]] †<br />
<br>[[Elendil]] † <br />
<br>[[Isildur]] <br />
<br>[[Anárion]] †<br />
| commanders2= <br />
[[Sauron]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''War of the Last Alliance''', also simply know as the '''War of the Alliance''', was the war at the close of the [[Second Age]] in which the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] marched against the forces of [[Sauron]]. Against all hope, they were victorious, but when [[the One Ring]] was not destroyed, [[Sauron]] rose again during the long years of the [[Third Age]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prelude===<br />
Ever since his defeat in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]] Sauron nursed a special hatred against the [[Númenóreans]] and longed to take revenge on them.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> In {{SA|3261|n}}, Sauron dared to wage war against Númenor and the last [[King of Númenor]] [[Ar-Pharazôn]] had gathered a massive army to counter this threat. Perceiving the might and splendour of the Númenóreans Sauron's servants deserted him, and Sauron was filled with fear and humbled himself. He was brought as a hostage to Númenor and finally succeeded in taking his revenge by playing a vital role in the events that led to the Downfall. Yet of all Númenóreans he hated Elendil most, and his wrath was great that he and his sons had escaped.<br />
<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}}, the remaining [[Faithful]] led by [[Elendil]] and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anarion]] established the [[Realms in Exile]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Elendil ruled [[Arnor]] in the north, Isildur and Anarion jointly ruled the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. [[Sauron]] however perished physically, by drowning; being caught in the Fall of Númenor which he had cleverly schemed to bring about. Yet nevertheless, even though he truly was drowned, Sauron's spirit endured; he returned to his fortress [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]] and was able in time to take shape again. However, it should be noted that hereafter Sauron could no longer take on a deceptively fair and greatly pleasing form, as Sauron had done so long before, in order to deceive the Elves and then again much later, the [[Númenóreans]] too, whilst he was held a willing captive.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Opening Stages===<br />
Perceiving that his enemies of old had escaped the downfall, Sauron's wrath was great and in {{SA|3429|n}} he launched an attack upon Isildur's fortress, Minas Ithil. Believing that Sauron had perished in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], they were completely taken by surprise, [[Minas Ithil]] was [[First Fall of Minas Ithil|taken]], and the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that Isildur had planted there was burned. Nevertheless Isildur, his wife and children escaped, saving a seedling of the tree, too, and sailing down [[Anduin]] journeyed to Elendil's realm in Arnor. There Elendil and [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]] forged the [[Last Alliance|Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in {{SA|3430|n}}, to defeat Sauron ultimately. Meanwhile, Anárion held out in Gondor, defending [[Osgiliath]] and [[Minas Anor]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
In {{SA|3431}}, the [[Elves of Lindon]] led by Gil-galad and [[Círdan]] marched eastward and were awaited by Elendil at [[Amon Sûl]]. The combined host marched towards [[Rivendell|Imladris]], where they joined with [[Elrond|Lord Elrond]], who was Gil-galad's herald, and acted as his second-in-command in the coming campaign. <br />
<br />
The united host rested for about three years in Imladris, forging weapons and making plans. They crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] over many passes and marched down [[Anduin]] where they were joined by Elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] led by king [[Oropher]] and his son [[Thranduil]], and [[Elves of Lórien]] under King [[Amdír]]<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>. At the southern eaves of [[Eryn Galen]], the host turned south-east and marched through desolate areas that had once been the [[Entwives]]' gardens. They, and probably the Entwives themselves, had been destroyed by [[Sauron]] to deprive the Alliance's forces of supplies.<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Alliance entered the vast plain outside Mordor where Sauron's host awaited them from the north-west.<br />
<br />
Of the Dwarves, few fought upon either side; but the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|kindred]] of [[Durin]] of [[Moria]] fought against [[Sauron]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
===Battle of Dagorlad===<br />
{{main|Battle of Dagorlad}}<br />
During preliminary skirmishing, [[Oropher]] and the [[Silvan Elves]], being scantily equipped, rashly charged forward into the numerous Orc forces before Gil-galad had given the command, and suffered heavy casualties, including Oropher himself. Amdír and his forces also were cut off from the main battle and driven into the marshes just to the south, where he also fell along with half of his troops.<ref name="Silvan Princes"/> This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there.<br />
<br />
This battle raged for days and nights continuously. But the Elves were still mighty in these times and the Númenóreans were tall and strong and terrible. And none could withstand [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]] and [[Narsil]], Gil-galad's spear and Elendil's sword which filled the orcs and wicked men with fear. Slowly Elves and Númenóreans whittled down the vast numbers of Orcs and pushed them back towards the [[Black Gate]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
No account is given how the Alliance managed to break through this mighty fortification though.<br />
<br />
===Siege of Barad-dûr===<br />
{{main|Siege of Barad-dûr}}<br />
The forces of the Last Alliance had forced their way through the Black Gate into Mordor itself. Victory seemed close, but no power short of the [[Valar]] could breach the [[Dark Tower]] by force. Though a great part of Sauron's forces was destroyed at the Dagorlad his host was still numerous and Sauron ordered many a sortie. The siege went on year after year, from {{SA|3434}} to {{SA|3441|n}}<ref name="Rings"/>. Isildur's sons, [[Aratan]] and [[Ciryon]], were detached and sent to Minas Ithil to guard against a breakout to the southwest, but his oldest son, Elendur served by his side till the end<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>. [[Anárion]] was killed in {{SA|3440|n}} by a projectile thrown from the tower.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the seventh year of the siege, it became so pressing that [[Sauron]] himself came forth. His onslaught was terrible and the siege was almost broken as Sauron and his host advanced to the slopes of [[Mount Doom]]. There he was encountered by the captains of the Alliance, Gil-galad and Elendil and to their side stood Elrond, Círdan and Isildur. Sauron fought with Gil-galad and Elendil, and both were slain. As Elendil fell, his sword was broken beneath him. Yet Sauron was thrown down, too, and Isildur seized the hilt of his father's sword and cut off the finger on which Sauron wore the One Ring. Being bereft of its power, Sauron was no longer able to hold a physical form and perished.<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
===Aftermath===<br />
The Alliance pursued the Orcs, who were then in disarray, and killed them all. The Barad-dûr was levelled but its foundations remained behind since they were built with the power of [[the One Ring]] which was not destroyed. The thousands of dead Men and Elves were taken out of Mordor and buried in the Dagorlad Plain.<br />
<br />
Over the course of the war, which ended with the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, most of the Silvan army had been lost. Thranduil led the remaining third of his army back home to the Greenwood.<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref><br />
<br />
While he had captured [[the One Ring]], Isildur refused Elrond and Círdan's entreaties that he destroy it by casting it into the [[Crack of Doom]], claiming it as a weregild for his father's and brother's death<ref name="Rings"/>. The result of this was that while [[Sauron]] was defeated and cast down, his spirit was not destroyed. He hid in the dark lands east of Mordor, and slowly rebuilt his power. The Nine ([[Nazgûl]]) also bided their time for the day when he would rise again.<br />
<br />
While the Orc armies of Sauron had been well nigh destroyed in the War, scattered groups of them survived. In the Last Alliance, the casualties had been heavy. [[Elendil]] and [[Anárion]] were gone, and [[Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]], was no more. [[Arnor]] took grievous losses, and suffered from a decline in population. It never really recovered as a major power and broke into three pieces some centuries later. [[Gondor]] suffered less heavily and became a powerful nation. [[Isildur]], the new [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]], perished only two years later in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], along with his three older sons. They were ambushed by an Orc task force operating near the River Anduin. In the course of Isildur's death, the Ring was lost in the depths of [[Anduin]]<ref name="Gladden"/>. Much was lost, but [[Sauron]] was suppressed-- for a while.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''<br />
:The [[War of the Last Alliance|entire venture]] of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] was combined into a short silhouette play, in which [[Isildur]] cut the [[The One Ring|Ring]] off [[Sauron]]'s hand in battle - not when Sauron was already conquered.<br />
<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Last Alliance.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The War of the Last Alliance in ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'']]<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:This film also compresses the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], the Siege, and the final duel into one, and places them all at [[Mount Doom]], in a prologue similar to that of the 1978 film. The main perspective of the entire [[Prologue: One Ring to Rule Them All...|Prologue - ''One Ring to Rule Them All...'']] - lies with [[Elrond]]. The death of [[Gil-galad]] is not mentioned, [[Anárion]] is cut completely, and the deaths of [[Elendil]] and Sauron are rewritten: after coming forth, Sauron wreaks havoc among the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and a blow from his mace throws Elendil against the mountainside, killing him. Isildur tries to take up [[Narsil]], but it breaks as Sauron steps on it. In a desperate strike, Isildur slashes the Ring, and four fingers, from Sauron's hand. Sauron's body sends a shockwave over the land and dissolves into nothingness.<br />
<br />
:In a later scene, named ''[[The Fate of the Ring]]'', Elrond tells [[Gandalf]] of the final debate with Isildur, inside Mount Doom. [[Círdan]] is not present, and Isildur refuses by simply saying "No".<br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':''''<br />
:The war serves as the setting for the tutorial. The player controls Isildur making his way through Mordor.<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]<br />
[[Category:Sieges]]<br />
[[Category:Wars]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/2a/guerres/guerre_de_la_derniere_alliance]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Last_Alliance&diff=348309War of the Last Alliance2022-06-02T01:02:07Z<p>Tolkienator: Cleaned up infobox and few tweaks to text</p>
<hr />
<div>{{war<br />
| previous=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]<br />
| next= [[Angmar War]]<br />
| image=[[File:Matt DeMino - Sauron - War of the Last Alliance.png|300px]]<br />
| name= War of the Last Alliance<br />
| place= [[Mordor]] and the lower [[Vales of Anduin]]<br />
| result= Victory for the [[Last Alliance]]<br />
*Fall of [[Sauron]]<br />
*Loss of the [[One Ring]]<br />
*Decline of [[Elvendom]] in [[Middle-earth]] and the [[Men of Arnor]]<br />
| battles= [[First Fall of Minas Ithil]], [[Anárion's defence of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]<br />
| begin= {{SA|3429}}<br />
| end= {{SA|3441}}<br />
| side1= [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| side2= Forces of [[Sauron]]|<br />
|casual1=|<br />
|casual2=|<br />
| commanders1=<br />
<br>[[Gil-galad]]† <br />
<br>[[Círdan]]<br />
<br>[[Elrond]]<br />
<br>[[Oropher]] † <br />
<br>[[Thranduil]]<br />
<br>[[Amdír]] †<br />
<br>[[Elendil]] † <br />
<br>[[Isildur]] <br />
<br>[[Anárion]] †<br />
| commanders2= <br />
[[Sauron]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''War of the Last Alliance''', also simply know as the '''War of the Alliance''', was the war at the close of the [[Second Age]] in which the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] marched against the forces of [[Sauron]]. Against all hope, they were victorious, but when [[the One Ring]] was not destroyed, [[Sauron]] rose again during the long years of the [[Third Age]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prelude===<br />
Ever since his defeat in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]] Sauron nursed a special hatred against the [[Númenóreans]] and longed to take revenge on them.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> In {{SA|3261|n}}, Sauron dared to wage war against Númenor and the last [[King of Númenor]] [[Ar-Pharazôn]] had gathered a massive army to counter this threat. Perceiving the might and splendour of the Númenóreans Sauron's servants deserted him, and Sauron was filled with fear and humbled himself. He was brought as a hostage to Númenor and finally succeeded in taking his revenge by playing a vital role in the events that led to the Downfall. Yet of all Númenóreans he hated Elendil most, and his wrath was great that he and his sons had escaped.<br />
<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}}, the remaining [[Faithful]] led by [[Elendil]] and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anarion]] established the [[Realms in Exile]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Elendil ruled [[Arnor]] in the north, Isildur and Anarion jointly ruled the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. [[Sauron]] however perished physically, by drowning; being caught in the Fall of Númenor which he had cleverly schemed to bring about. Yet nevertheless, even though he truly was drowned, Sauron's spirit endured; he returned to his fortress [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]] and was able in time to take shape again. However, it should be noted that hereafter Sauron could no longer take on a deceptively fair and greatly pleasing form, as Sauron had done so long before, in order to deceive the Elves and then again much later, the [[Númenóreans]] too, whilst he was held a willing captive.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Opening Stages===<br />
Perceiving that his enemies of old had escaped the downfall, Sauron's wrath was great and in {{SA|3429|n}} he launched an attack upon Isildur's fortress, Minas Ithil. Believing that Sauron had perished in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], they were completely taken by surprise, [[Minas Ithil]] was [[First Fall of Minas Ithil|taken]], and the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that Isildur had planted there was burned. Nevertheless Isildur, his wife and children escaped, saving a seedling of the tree, too, and sailing down [[Anduin]] journeyed to Elendil's realm in Arnor. There Elendil and [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]] forged the [[Last Alliance|Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in {{SA|3430|n}}, to defeat Sauron ultimately. Meanwhile, Anárion held out in Gondor, defending [[Osgiliath]] and [[Minas Anor]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
In {{SA|3431}}, the [[Elves of Lindon]] led by Gil-galad and [[Círdan]] marched eastward and were awaited by Elendil at [[Amon Sûl]]. The combined host marched towards [[Rivendell|Imladris]], where they joined with [[Elrond|Lord Elrond]], who was Gil-galad's herald, and acted as his second-in-command in the coming campaign. <br />
<br />
The united host rested for about three years in Imladris, forging weapons and making plans. They crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] over many passes and marched down [[Anduin]] where they were joined by Elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] led by king [[Oropher]] and his son [[Thranduil]], and [[Elves of Lórien]] under King [[Amdír]]<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>. At the southern eaves of [[Eryn Galen]], the host turned south-east and marched through desolate areas that had once been the [[Entwives]]' gardens. They, and probably the Entwives themselves, had been destroyed by [[Sauron]] to deprive the Alliance's forces of supplies.<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Alliance entered the vast plain outside Mordor where Sauron's host awaited them from the north-west.<br />
<br />
Of the Dwarves, few fought upon either side; but the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|kindred]] of [[Durin]] of [[Moria]] fought against [[Sauron]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
===Battle of Dagorlad===<br />
{{main|Battle of Dagorlad}}<br />
During preliminary skirmishing, [[Oropher]] and the [[Silvan Elves]], being scantily equipped, rashly charged forward into the numerous Orc forces before Gil-galad had given the command, and suffered heavy casualties, including Oropher himself. Amdír and his forces also were cut off from the main battle and driven into the marshes just to the south, where he also fell along with half of his troops.<ref name="Silvan Princes"/> This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there.<br />
<br />
This battle raged for days and nights continuously. But the Elves were still mighty in these times and the Númenóreans were tall and strong and terrible. And none could withstand [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]] and [[Narsil]], Gil-galad's spear and Elendil's sword which filled the orcs and wicked men with fear. Slowly Elves and Númenóreans whittled down the vast numbers of Orcs and pushed them back towards the [[Black Gate]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
No account is given how the Alliance managed to break through this mighty fortification though.<br />
<br />
===Siege of Barad-dûr===<br />
{{main|Siege of Barad-dûr}}<br />
The forces of the Last Alliance had forced their way through the Black Gate into Mordor itself. Victory seemed close, but no power short of the [[Valar]] could breach the [[Dark Tower]] by force. Though a great part of Sauron's forces was destroyed at the Dagorlad his host was still numerous and Sauron ordered many a sortie. The siege went on year after year, from {{SA|3434}} to {{SA|3441|n}}<ref name="Rings"/>. Isildur's sons, [[Aratan]] and [[Ciryon]], were detached and sent to Minas Ithil to guard against a breakout to the southwest, but his oldest son, Elendur served by his side till the end<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>. [[Anárion]] was killed in {{SA|3440|n}} by a projectile thrown from the tower.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the seventh year of the siege, it became so pressing that [[Sauron]] himself came forth. His onslaught was terrible and the siege was almost broken as Sauron and his host advanced to the slopes of [[Mount Doom]]. There he was encountered by the captains of the Alliance, Gil-galad and Elendil and to their side stood Elrond, Círdan and Isildur. Sauron fought with Gil-galad and Elendil, and both were slain. As Elendil fell, his sword was broken beneath him. Yet Sauron was thrown down, too, and Isildur seized the hilt of his father's sword and cut off the finger on which Sauron wore the One Ring. Being bereft of its power, Sauron was no longer able to hold a physical form and perished.<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
===Aftermath===<br />
The Alliance pursued the Orcs, who were then in disarray, and killed them all. The Barad-dûr was levelled but its foundations remained behind since they were built with the power of [[the One Ring]] which was not destroyed. The thousands of dead Men and Elves were taken out of Mordor and buried in the Dagorlad Plain.<br />
<br />
Over the course of the war, which ended with the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, most of the Silvan army had been lost. Thranduil led the remaining third of his army back home to the Greenwood.<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref><br />
<br />
While he had captured [[the One Ring]], Isildur refused Elrond and Círdan's entreaties that he destroy it by casting it into the [[Crack of Doom]], claiming it as a weregild for his father's and brother's death<ref name="Rings"/>. The result of this was that while [[Sauron]] was defeated and cast down, his spirit was not destroyed. He hid in the dark lands east of Mordor, and slowly rebuilt his power. The Nine ([[Nazgûl]]) also bided their time for the day when he would rise again.<br />
<br />
While the Orc armies of Sauron had been well nigh destroyed in the War, scattered groups of them survived. In the Last Alliance, the casualties had been heavy. [[Elendil]] and [[Anárion]] were gone, and [[Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]], was no more. [[Arnor]] took grievous losses, and suffered from a decline in population. It never really recovered as a major power and broke into three pieces some centuries later. [[Gondor]] suffered less heavily and became a powerful nation. [[Isildur]], the new [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]], perished only two years later in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], along with his three older sons. They were ambushed by an Orc task force operating near the River Anduin. In the course of Isildur's death, the Ring was lost in the depths of [[Anduin]]<ref name="Gladden"/>. Much was lost, but [[Sauron]] was suppressed-- for a while.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''<br />
:The [[War of the Last Alliance|entire venture]] of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] was combined into a short silhouette play, in which [[Isildur]] cut the [[The One Ring|Ring]] off [[Sauron]]'s hand in battle - not when Sauron was already conquered.<br />
<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Last Alliance.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The War of the Last Alliance in ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'']]<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:This film also compresses the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], the Siege, and the final duel into one, and places them all at [[Mount Doom]], in a prologue similar to that of the 1978 film. The main perspective of the entire [[Prologue: One Ring to Rule Them All...|Prologue - ''One Ring to Rule Them All...'']] - lies with [[Elrond]]. The death of [[Gil-galad]] is not mentioned, [[Anárion]] is cut completely, and the deaths of [[Elendil]] and Sauron are rewritten: after coming forth, Sauron wreaks havoc among the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and a blow from his mace throws Elendil against the mountainside, killing him. Isildur tries to take up [[Narsil]], but it breaks as Sauron steps on it. In a desperate strike, Isildur slashes the Ring, and four fingers, from Sauron's hand. Sauron's body sends a shockwave over the land and dissolves into nothingness.<br />
<br />
:In a later scene, named ''[[The Fate of the Ring]]'', Elrond tells [[Gandalf]] of the final debate with Isildur, inside Mount Doom. [[Círdan]] is not present, and Isildur refuses by simply saying "No".<br />
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'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':''''<br />
:The war serves as the setting for the tutorial. The player controls Isildur making his way through Mordor.<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]<br />
[[Category:Sieges]]<br />
[[Category:Wars]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/2a/guerres/guerre_de_la_derniere_alliance]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Host_of_the_North&diff=348308Talk:Host of the North2022-06-02T00:44:44Z<p>Tolkienator: Delete page</p>
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<div>==Name?==<br />
As far as i'm concerned, this term does not come up in the canon, specifically the Silmarillion. "The meeting of the hosts of the West and of the North is named the Great Battle, and the War of Wrath." That's the quote where I think this term arose. Otherwise, I suggest we delete this page. Just a thought. Let me know what you guys think.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 22:11, 21 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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::Quite an useless page, yes. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 22:51, 21 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::Agreed. Perhaps one of the administrators can speedily delete this page.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] 00:44, 2 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Elrond&diff=348183Talk:Elrond2022-06-01T01:54:07Z<p>Tolkienator: /* Lord of Rivendell */ Patrilineal descent is important when determining Houses</p>
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<div>__TOC__<br />
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How about changing main image of Elrond? He looks a buit...uh...odd? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 12:20, 18 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:What did you have in mind?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 13:40, 18 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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::That Elrond looks odd in this picture.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:06, 18 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:::If no one disagrees, I suggest changing to the image used in this old revision [[http://www.tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elrond&oldid=61385]]. Morover, this other image was uploaded with permission. {{unsigned|Morgan}}<br />
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::::I honestly don't like any of the images of Elrond already uploaded to TG.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 17:32, 18 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:::::I prefer the current image to the previous one, but, as KingAragorn says, I don't think any of them are particularly great. I would be ''tempted'' by a film-image, and would suggest [[:File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Elrond 2.jpg|this one]] if it weren't for the weird contrast. On deviantArt, the vast majority of Elrond images are Hugo Weaving. Our current image is fourth on a Google Image search for Elrond. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 18:52, 18 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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::::::I like [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/art/Elrond-the-Ageless-196696708?q=boost%3Apopular%20elrond&qo=7 this one]. We can always ask DeviantART artists for permission.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 13:08, 19 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:::::::It is good, and do ask away as it would be nice to have it here anyway, but I think we should have a film one. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:05, 20 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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::::::::Would you prefer a photograph from the film, or an artistic picture of Hugo Weaving's Elrond?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 14:11, 20 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:::::::::That's defiantely a great picture, KA! We should ask him/her for permission, and put use it as our main image. Maybe we should also ask if could have these images too: [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/art/Fingon-194746104?q=gallery%3Ajankolas%20randomize%3A1&qo=2 Fingon], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/art/Luthien-Tinuviel-198553543 Lúthien], [http://cg-warrior.deviantart.com/art/Legolas-175279824? Legolas], [http://gold-seven.deviantart.com/art/The-Lord-of-the-Rings-Project-198119388? LOTR], [http://silinde-ar-feiniel.deviantart.com/art/La-calla-perdida-193976458? The Lost Road], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/26812093#/d4atgnv Galadriel], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/26812093#/d4bti7j Maedrhos], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/26812093#/d3d4p0q Arwen], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/26812093#/d36i3se Finrod], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/26812093#/d35v5vl Finrod], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/?offset=48#/d3c2az0 Tirion], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/?offset=72#/d35pq2f Gandalf rides to MT], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/?offset=96#/d3361mm Aragorn], [http://jankolas.deviantart.com/gallery/?offset=96#/d31kbkb Rivendell]. Actually al his/her images are great. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 14:33, 20 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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::::::::::A photo, because I think we have so few of them! And yes, a general request to use their art would be good. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 15:00, 20 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:::::::::::How's [http://smeagel.webs.com/photos/Elrond/Elrond%2520Silver%2520Shirt.jpg this one]?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 17:34, 20 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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::::::::::::That one is good. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 18:53, 20 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:::::::::::::It is! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 08:45, 24 November 2011 (UTC)<br />
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'''Not a Noldo''' – in the essay "The Problem of -Ros", Tolkien states that, although his ancestry includes all elven clans, Elrond favored his Sindarin descent preeminently. I have removed reference to him as a Noldorin elf. Inasmuch as he chose to be an elf, he also gets a say in his heritage, which is Sindarin.<br />
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== Infobox image ==<br />
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I think we should change the infobox image to something like [[:File:NOLANOS - Elrond.jpeg|this]] because illustrations based on the novels are favoured. If anyone has any suggestions, I am open to all. Also, two other images on the page are from the films while there is a [[:Category:Images of Elrond|supply]] of others. --[[User:DoctorWellington|DoctorWellington]] 23:20, 26 January 2018 (UTC)<br />
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:I agree it should be changed. My own preference is [[:File:Ana Kusicka - Elrond.jpg|this image]]; although I like the one you've chosen, long images in infoboxes can create a bit of a problem with the layout of the page so they should be avoided (see [[Tar-Telperiën]]). --{{User:Mith/sig}} 08:30, 27 January 2018 (UTC)<br />
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::True. The image you suggested is very good, and it won't make the infobox interfere with the page content. --[[User:DoctorWellington|DoctorWellington]] 14:58, 27 January 2018 (UTC)<br />
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== Lineage breakdown? == <br />
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Should i add a breakdown of elrond's lineage into the page? it might be useful. also inform me if i should add the same breakdown onto elros's page? --[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 22:08, 17 February 2019 (UTC)<br />
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== Inaccurate statement ==<br />
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Subsequently he became the only character to appear in all three of The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, and The Lord of the Rings.<br />
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This statement isn't accurate as Gandalf is also mentioned in all three.{{unsignedanon|172.69.34.235|03:10, 26 March 2021}}<br />
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:I suggest we remove it, it's inaccurate and OOU. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 06:42, 26 March 2021 (UTC)<br />
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::Out of universe seems perfectly appropriate in the "Other versions of the legendarium" section, which is entirely OOU content. I just corrected the inaccuracy by mentioning Gandalf.[[User:Jerodast|-jerodast]] 07:20, 18 October 2021 (UTC)<br />
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==image==<br />
Perhaps it is time to choose another profile image. The current one is not the best I could think of. For now I propose the one by Ebe Kastein. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 06:42, 26 March 2021 (UTC)<br />
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:I agree, but I'd vote for [[:File:Irsanna - This sword was made in Gondolin.jpg|Irsanna's]], which depicts him bearing the ring Vilya. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 14:12, 20 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
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::How about '''''[[:File:Tatyafinwe - Portrait of Elrond.jpg|this one]]'''''? -[[User:Ar-Zigûr|Ar-Zigûr]] 07:55, 3 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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== Lord of Rivendell ==<br />
Here, what is the source that Elladan and Elrohir became lord of Rivendell after Elrond left Middle-earth?<br />
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Also again mentioning House of Fingolfin sounds suspicious to me.[[User:Shivam|Shivam]]<br />
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:I agree with both comments. Both sounds wrong to me, any references?. --[[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] 14:12, 20 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
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::We have no evidence one way or the other as to whether Elladan and/or Elrohir ever used the title "Lord of Rivendell."<br />
::Elrond is not ''of'' the House of Fingolfin; the infobox states Elrond is "'''Descended from''' all three Houses of the Edain and '''elven House of Fingolfin'''." This description is accurate, owing to his female-line descent from Turgon through Idril. Technically speaking, Elrond is ''of'' the House of Hador, but leaving it at just that would be so incomplete as to be wrong in every meaningful way. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 05:22, 21 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
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:::So are we removing House of Fingolfin?--[[User:Shivam|Shivam]] 13:40, 24 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
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::::He's definitely descended from the House of Fingolfin and that is an important part of his heritage, so I would leave it alone. If anything, I would add House of Elwë as well. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 05:18, 25 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
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:::::Thanks Lorenzo. I think you misunderstood me Mord, I was talking about the title box (Sorry for this name, but I don't know what its called).--[[User:Shivam|Shivam]] 08:01, 25 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
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::::::Whoops, you're right. I was looking at the wrong part of the infobox. --[[Special:Contributions/Mord|Mord]] 15:12, 25 March 2022 (UTC)<br />
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:::::::Houses and families, in Tolkien's legendarium, seem to follow a consistent patrilineal descent. Staying true to this, Elrond (and his brother and father) is a descendant of the House of Hador. Notice how he is considered a "descendant" as the house is now defunct. As such, the infobox for Elrond (and other characters that follow this pattern) shouls be corrected to "Descendant of the House of Hador". Adding all other lineages is trivial and redundant when considering the context of patrilineal descent in Tolkien's works.--[[User:Tolkienator|Tolkienator]] 01:54, 1 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rivendell&diff=348182Rivendell2022-06-01T01:48:00Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
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<div>{{disambig-more|Rivendell|[[Rivendell (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Rivendell.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Rivendell<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Imladris'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />''Imbeláris'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />''Karningul'' ([[Westron|W]])<br />The First Homely House, The House of Elrond, The Last Homely House<br />
| location=A hidden valley beneath the western [[Misty Mountains]] in [[Eriador]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=Primarily [[Elves]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]<br />
| govern1=[[Lord of Rivendell]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Eregion]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|1697}}<br />
| event2=[[First Siege of Imladris|First Siege]]<br />
| event2date={{SA|1697}} - {{SA|1700|n}}<br />
| event3=[[Second Siege of Imladris|Second Siege]]<br />
| event3date=c. TA 1400<br />
| event4=[[Council of Elrond|Council&nbsp;of&nbsp;Elrond]]<br />
| event4date=[[25 October]], {{TA|3018}}<br />
| event5=Abandoned <br />
| event5date=By {{FoA|120}}<ref name="Tale">{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|And the house of Elrond was a refuge for the weary and the oppressed, and a treasury of good counsel and wise lore.|''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''}}<br />
'''Rivendell''', or '''Imladris''', was an [[Elves|Elven]] outpost in the [[Misty Mountains]] on the eastern edge of [[Eriador]]. Because of its location, it was called the ''' Last Homely House''' from the point of view of a traveller going to the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Wilderland]]; and also the '''First Homely House''' from the point of view of someone coming from these lands to the civilised lands of Eriador to the west.<br />
<br />
It was established by [[Elrond]] in {{SA|1697}} as a refuge from [[Sauron]] after the [[Sack of Eregion|Fall of Eregion]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref> It remained Elrond's seat throughout the remainder of the Second Age and until the end of the Third Age, when he took the [[White Ship]] for [[Valinor]]. Rivendell had a strong alliance with the [[Kings of Arnor]] and after the fall of [[Arthedain]], it became a refuge for the [[Rangers of the North]] and the [[Heir of Isildur|Heir of Isildur]].<br />
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==Geography==<br />
[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Valley of Rivendell.jpg|thumb|250px|right|"Valley of Rivendell" by [[Soni Alcorn-Hender]]]]<br />
Rivendell was located at the edge of a narrow gorge of the [[Bruinen|Bruinen River]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> but well hidden in the moorlands and foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=Rest>{{H|Rest}}</ref><br />
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Pine-trees grew on the top of the valley, and there was a "steep zig-zag path" to the valley bottom. The vegetation in the valley bottom was mostly oak and beech.<ref name=Rest/><br />
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==History==<br />
===Second Age===<br />
====Foundation====<br />
During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], and as [[Sauron]] was moving against Eriador, Elrond led an army of [[Elves of Lindon]] to the region. They arrived late but were joined by a detachment out of [[Eregion]] led by [[Celeborn]]. Despite this, Sauron's armies overwhelmed the Elves, and Elrond was unable to reach Eregion. Forced northward toward the headwaters of [[Bruinen]], Elrond established a stronghold.<ref name=SA/><br />
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This became a refuge for those seeking shelter from Sauron's onslaught in Eriador, and Elrond's and Celeborn's Elves were soon joined by many fleeing the [[Sack of Eregion]]. More came as Sauron ravaged Eriador on his march toward [[Lindon]]. By {{SA|1700}}, Sauron had overrun all of Eriador and Imladris was [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]]. The siege ended when Gil-galad's forces, strengthened by the armament sent by [[Tar-Minastir]], routed Sauron's armies and drove him out of Eriador.<br />
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A Council held at that time made Elrond Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, and Imladris his seat. Gil-galad bestowed [[Vilya]] upon Elrond in secret. Aided by the power of the [[Three Rings|Elven ring]], Elrond made Imladris one of the chief seats of Elvish strength in the west in the latter part of the Second Age. Imladris remained an Elvish stronghold in Eriador to the end of the Second Age and into the Third.<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref><br />
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====Last Alliance====<br />
At the end of the Second Age, [[Elendil]] and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to challenge Sauron, and their host halted for a while at Imladris in {{SA|3431}} and they stayed there for 3 years, gathered their forces before crossing the Misty Mountains.<ref name=SA/><ref name="SV"/> <br />
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[[Isildur]]'s wife and his youngest son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], were in Imladris at that time, and Isildur was journeying back to them after Sauron's defeat when he was ambushed at the [[Gladden Fields]].<ref>{{UT|7}}</ref> After receiving the shards of [[Narsil]], Valandil took up his role as King of [[Arnor]] and left Imladris for [[Annúminas]].<ref name="SV">{{S|V}}</ref><br />
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===Third Age===<br />
After the fall of Gil-galad, Elrond remained in Imladris. During the Third Age, it was a refuge and sanctuary; many Elves gathered there, and it was the chief dwelling of the [[High Elves]] in Eriador, except the [[Elves of Lindon]], but also wise and powerful people of all the races. The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were also harboured there due to their kinship with Elrond, as descendants of his brother [[Elros]].<ref name="SV"/><br />
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Danger came to Eriador around {{TA|1300}} when [[Angmar]] was established in the north-east beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. It was late in the reign of [[Arveleg I]] that [[Second Siege of Imladris|Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by Angmar into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elves of Rivendell joined [[Elves of Lindon|those of Lindon]] and the [[Galadhrim]], whom Elrond brought over the Mountains, in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
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After the end of the North-kingdom in {{TA|1975}} [[Aranarth]], the first [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], had [[Arahael|his son]] fostered in Rivendell, as were all subsequent sons of the chieftains. The heirlooms and treasures of the house of Isildur, including the shards of [[Narsil]], were also kept there after [[Arvedui]]'s death.<ref name="SV"></ref> Among these were also some of the few remaining documents containing the history of Númenor.<ref>{{UT|3}}</ref><br />
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There was traffic across the Misty Mountains in the Third Age between Imladris and [[Lothlórien]], for Elrond's wife was [[Celebrían]], daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn.<br />
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In the [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] stopped off at Rivendell with the Dwarves on the way to the [[Lonely Mountain]]<ref name=Rest/> and also on the way back to [[the Shire]] with [[Gandalf]].<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Bilbo retired there after his 111th birthday, writing his memoir ''[[There and Back Again]]''.<ref name=Meetings>{{FR|II1}}</ref><br />
<br />
Years later, [[Frodo Baggins]] and his [[Travellers|companions]] journeyed to Rivendell, where they met Bilbo. Several other Elves, [[Dwarves]] and [[Men]] had also arrived at Rivendell on separate errands;<ref name=Meetings/> at the [[Council of Elrond]] they learned that all of their errands were related to the fate of [[the One Ring]], and they had to decide what to do about it. In the end, the Hobbits influenced the decision.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the destruction of [[the One Ring]] at the end of the Third Age, Elrond's ring lost its power, and Elrond, with many of his household, left Rivendell to sail for [[Valinor]] from the [[Grey Havens]]; this marked the start of the [[Fourth Age]]. <br />
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===Later History===<br />
Although Elrond departed from Rivendell, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] remained for a while with some of the remaining [[Noldor]].<ref name=Prologue>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref name=Prologue></ref><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
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It is not known when Rivendell was finally abandoned, but shortly before [[Aragorn]] died in {{FoA|120}}, he said to [[Arwen]] that "none now walk" in the garden of Elrond, indicating that the last of the [[Noldor]] had departed to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Tale" /><br />
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==Etymology==<br />
''Rivendell'' ("[[Wiktionary:cloven|cloven]]-[[Wiktionary:dell|dell]]") is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of the Sindarin name '''''Imladris''''' ("deep dale of the cleft").<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 774</ref> An alternative (or complementary) etymology, gives ''Rivendell'' as the Anglicised version of the [[Westron]] name '''''Karningul''''' (itself a translation of ''Imladris'').<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><br />
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The name ''Imladris'' is also glossed as "Canyon of the Cleft"<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 14 (note 18)</ref> and "flat-floored valley of the Cleft".<ref name="letter">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Anthony D. Howlett]]" ([[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|letter]])</ref><br />
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The [[Quenya]] name '''''Arcimbelë''''' is used only once in a manuscript, and its meaning is unclear except for the element ''[[imbe]]'' ("deep vale").<ref name=Verb>{{PE|22c}}</ref>{{rp|125}} A more literal translation is given: ''Latimberista'', from ''latimbë'' ("glen") + ''rista'' ("cut"). However, on the same page, Tolkien stated that this name was not used in practice, and was replaced the Quenyarized form of ''Imladris'': '''''Imbeláris'''''.<ref name=Verb></ref>{{rp|127}}<br />
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==Inspiration==<br />
A possible inspiration (so suggested by [[David Salo]]<ref>Aaron Fuegi, "[http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/Rivimages/realriv.html Rivendell in Switzerland]" at [http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/home.html the Last Homely House] (accessed 15 November 2011)</ref>) could have been [[wikipedia:Lauterbrunnen|Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland]], which Tolkien visited in [[1911]]:<br />
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{{blockquote|I am... delighted that you have made the acquaintance of Switzerland, and of the very part that I once knew best and which had the deepest effect on me. The hobbit’s journey from Rivendell to the other side of the Misty Mountains, including the glissade down the slithering stones into the pine woods, is based on my adventures in 1911 (he was 19 and travelled to Lauterbrunnen)... Our wanderings mainly on foot in a party of 12 are not now clear in sequence, but leave many vivid pictures as clear as yesterday." (He talks of similar conditions of the travel of Bilbo camping out, walking mountain paths, carrying packs).|[[Letter 306]]}}<br />
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==Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
{{Gallery <br />
|title=Rivendell in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
|File:BFME2 - Elrond Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''<br />
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Rivendell1.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Gandalf and Galadriel.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''<br />
|File:ArdaCraft Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[ArdaCraft]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell appears in every instalment, although its role in the second and third film is rather minor.<br />
<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell is the fifth level and the first where no fighting is required. After Frodo is taken to Rivendell by [[Glorfindel]], he is first woken by [[Gandalf]]; after that, the [[Council of Elrond]] starts. After the council, there is an opportunity to speak to the NPCs - [[Aragorn]], [[Arwen]], [[Boromir]], [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. The gameplay continues by entering a door. A short cutscene follows in which Bilbo gives [[Sting]] and the ''[[mithril]]'' shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], "Rivendell"</ref><br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the battlegrounds in the game and a site of a skirmish between Elves and Goblins.<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game, located between Trollshaws and the Misty Mountains. Rivendell is also one of the places that players can choose as Elven character's homeland. The Last Homely House refers to a large dwelling of Elrond, not to the entire refuge of Rivendell. It is located on the eastern side of Rivendell. One can find Elrond's library, the [[Hall of Fire]], the scholar's guild and various guest rooms.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game and the only place characters are obliged to visit more than once (other cities can be re-visited, but this is optional).<br />
<br />
'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell appears in the [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|first film]] after [[Gandalf]] leads [[Thorin and Company]] away from [[Yazneg]] and the [[Wargs]]. Much of Rivendell is familiar from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] but new areas have been included, such as the meeting place of the [[White Council]] and a crystal table used for investigating the [[Moon-letters]] in [[Thrór's Map]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{companyroute}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Images of Rivendell]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[de:Bruchtal]]<br />
[[fi:Rivendell]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rivendell&diff=348181Rivendell2022-06-01T01:47:24Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Rivendell|[[Rivendell (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Rivendell.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Rivendell<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Imladris'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />''Imbeláris'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />''Karningul'' ([[Westron|W]])<br />The First Homely House, The House of Elrond, The Last Homely House<br />
| location=A hidden valley beneath the western [[Misty Mountains]] in [[Eriador]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=Primarily [[Elves]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]<br />
| govern1=[[Lord of Rivendell]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Eregion]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|1697}}<br />
| event2=[[First Siege of Imladris|First Siege]]<br />
| event2date={{SA|1697}} - {{SA|1700|n}}<br />
| event3=[[Second Siege of Imladris|Second Siege]]<br />
| event3date=c. TA 1400<br />
| event4=[[Council of Elrond|Council&nbsp;of&nbsp;Elrond]]<br />
| event4date=[[25 October]], {{TA|3018}}<br />
| event5=Abandoned <br />
| event5date=By {{FoA|120}}<ref name="Tale">{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|And the house of Elrond was a refuge for the weary and the oppressed, and a treasury of good counsel and wise lore.|''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''}}<br />
'''Rivendell''', or '''Imladris''', was an [[Elves|Elven]] outpost in the [[Misty Mountains]] on the eastern edge of [[Eriador]]. Because of its location, it was called the ''' Last Homely House''' from the point of view of a traveller going to the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Wilderland]]; and also the '''First Homely House''' from the point of view of someone coming from these lands to the civilised lands of Eriador to the west.<br />
<br />
It was established by [[Elrond]] in {{SA|1697}} as a refuge from [[Sauron]] after the [[Fall of Eregion]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref> It remained Elrond's seat throughout the remainder of the Second Age and until the end of the Third Age, when he took the [[White Ship]] for [[Valinor]]. Rivendell had a strong alliance with the [[Kings of Arnor]] and after the fall of [[Arthedain]], it became a refuge for the [[Rangers of the North]] and the [[Heir of Isildur|Heir of Isildur]].<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Valley of Rivendell.jpg|thumb|250px|right|"Valley of Rivendell" by [[Soni Alcorn-Hender]]]]<br />
Rivendell was located at the edge of a narrow gorge of the [[Bruinen|Bruinen River]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> but well hidden in the moorlands and foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=Rest>{{H|Rest}}</ref><br />
<br />
Pine-trees grew on the top of the valley, and there was a "steep zig-zag path" to the valley bottom. The vegetation in the valley bottom was mostly oak and beech.<ref name=Rest/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Age===<br />
====Foundation====<br />
During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], and as [[Sauron]] was moving against Eriador, Elrond led an army of [[Elves of Lindon]] to the region. They arrived late but were joined by a detachment out of [[Eregion]] led by [[Celeborn]]. Despite this, Sauron's armies overwhelmed the Elves, and Elrond was unable to reach Eregion. Forced northward toward the headwaters of [[Bruinen]], Elrond established a stronghold.<ref name=SA/><br />
<br />
This became a refuge for those seeking shelter from Sauron's onslaught in Eriador, and Elrond's and Celeborn's Elves were soon joined by many fleeing the [[Sack of Eregion]]. More came as Sauron ravaged Eriador on his march toward [[Lindon]]. By {{SA|1700}}, Sauron had overrun all of Eriador and Imladris was [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]]. The siege ended when Gil-galad's forces, strengthened by the armament sent by [[Tar-Minastir]], routed Sauron's armies and drove him out of Eriador.<br />
<br />
A Council held at that time made Elrond Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, and Imladris his seat. Gil-galad bestowed [[Vilya]] upon Elrond in secret. Aided by the power of the [[Three Rings|Elven ring]], Elrond made Imladris one of the chief seats of Elvish strength in the west in the latter part of the Second Age. Imladris remained an Elvish stronghold in Eriador to the end of the Second Age and into the Third.<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Last Alliance====<br />
At the end of the Second Age, [[Elendil]] and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to challenge Sauron, and their host halted for a while at Imladris in {{SA|3431}} and they stayed there for 3 years, gathered their forces before crossing the Misty Mountains.<ref name=SA/><ref name="SV"/> <br />
<br />
[[Isildur]]'s wife and his youngest son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], were in Imladris at that time, and Isildur was journeying back to them after Sauron's defeat when he was ambushed at the [[Gladden Fields]].<ref>{{UT|7}}</ref> After receiving the shards of [[Narsil]], Valandil took up his role as King of [[Arnor]] and left Imladris for [[Annúminas]].<ref name="SV">{{S|V}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
After the fall of Gil-galad, Elrond remained in Imladris. During the Third Age, it was a refuge and sanctuary; many Elves gathered there, and it was the chief dwelling of the [[High Elves]] in Eriador, except the [[Elves of Lindon]], but also wise and powerful people of all the races. The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were also harboured there due to their kinship with Elrond, as descendants of his brother [[Elros]].<ref name="SV"/><br />
<br />
Danger came to Eriador around {{TA|1300}} when [[Angmar]] was established in the north-east beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. It was late in the reign of [[Arveleg I]] that [[Second Siege of Imladris|Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by Angmar into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elves of Rivendell joined [[Elves of Lindon|those of Lindon]] and the [[Galadhrim]], whom Elrond brought over the Mountains, in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the end of the North-kingdom in {{TA|1975}} [[Aranarth]], the first [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], had [[Arahael|his son]] fostered in Rivendell, as were all subsequent sons of the chieftains. The heirlooms and treasures of the house of Isildur, including the shards of [[Narsil]], were also kept there after [[Arvedui]]'s death.<ref name="SV"></ref> Among these were also some of the few remaining documents containing the history of Númenor.<ref>{{UT|3}}</ref><br />
<br />
There was traffic across the Misty Mountains in the Third Age between Imladris and [[Lothlórien]], for Elrond's wife was [[Celebrían]], daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn.<br />
<br />
In the [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] stopped off at Rivendell with the Dwarves on the way to the [[Lonely Mountain]]<ref name=Rest/> and also on the way back to [[the Shire]] with [[Gandalf]].<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Bilbo retired there after his 111th birthday, writing his memoir ''[[There and Back Again]]''.<ref name=Meetings>{{FR|II1}}</ref><br />
<br />
Years later, [[Frodo Baggins]] and his [[Travellers|companions]] journeyed to Rivendell, where they met Bilbo. Several other Elves, [[Dwarves]] and [[Men]] had also arrived at Rivendell on separate errands;<ref name=Meetings/> at the [[Council of Elrond]] they learned that all of their errands were related to the fate of [[the One Ring]], and they had to decide what to do about it. In the end, the Hobbits influenced the decision.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the destruction of [[the One Ring]] at the end of the Third Age, Elrond's ring lost its power, and Elrond, with many of his household, left Rivendell to sail for [[Valinor]] from the [[Grey Havens]]; this marked the start of the [[Fourth Age]]. <br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
Although Elrond departed from Rivendell, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] remained for a while with some of the remaining [[Noldor]].<ref name=Prologue>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref name=Prologue></ref><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is not known when Rivendell was finally abandoned, but shortly before [[Aragorn]] died in {{FoA|120}}, he said to [[Arwen]] that "none now walk" in the garden of Elrond, indicating that the last of the [[Noldor]] had departed to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Tale" /><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Rivendell'' ("[[Wiktionary:cloven|cloven]]-[[Wiktionary:dell|dell]]") is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of the Sindarin name '''''Imladris''''' ("deep dale of the cleft").<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 774</ref> An alternative (or complementary) etymology, gives ''Rivendell'' as the Anglicised version of the [[Westron]] name '''''Karningul''''' (itself a translation of ''Imladris'').<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><br />
<br />
The name ''Imladris'' is also glossed as "Canyon of the Cleft"<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 14 (note 18)</ref> and "flat-floored valley of the Cleft".<ref name="letter">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Anthony D. Howlett]]" ([[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|letter]])</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Quenya]] name '''''Arcimbelë''''' is used only once in a manuscript, and its meaning is unclear except for the element ''[[imbe]]'' ("deep vale").<ref name=Verb>{{PE|22c}}</ref>{{rp|125}} A more literal translation is given: ''Latimberista'', from ''latimbë'' ("glen") + ''rista'' ("cut"). However, on the same page, Tolkien stated that this name was not used in practice, and was replaced the Quenyarized form of ''Imladris'': '''''Imbeláris'''''.<ref name=Verb></ref>{{rp|127}}<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
A possible inspiration (so suggested by [[David Salo]]<ref>Aaron Fuegi, "[http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/Rivimages/realriv.html Rivendell in Switzerland]" at [http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/home.html the Last Homely House] (accessed 15 November 2011)</ref>) could have been [[wikipedia:Lauterbrunnen|Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland]], which Tolkien visited in [[1911]]:<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|I am... delighted that you have made the acquaintance of Switzerland, and of the very part that I once knew best and which had the deepest effect on me. The hobbit’s journey from Rivendell to the other side of the Misty Mountains, including the glissade down the slithering stones into the pine woods, is based on my adventures in 1911 (he was 19 and travelled to Lauterbrunnen)... Our wanderings mainly on foot in a party of 12 are not now clear in sequence, but leave many vivid pictures as clear as yesterday." (He talks of similar conditions of the travel of Bilbo camping out, walking mountain paths, carrying packs).|[[Letter 306]]}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
{{Gallery <br />
|title=Rivendell in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
|File:BFME2 - Elrond Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''<br />
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Rivendell1.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Gandalf and Galadriel.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''<br />
|File:ArdaCraft Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[ArdaCraft]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell appears in every instalment, although its role in the second and third film is rather minor.<br />
<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell is the fifth level and the first where no fighting is required. After Frodo is taken to Rivendell by [[Glorfindel]], he is first woken by [[Gandalf]]; after that, the [[Council of Elrond]] starts. After the council, there is an opportunity to speak to the NPCs - [[Aragorn]], [[Arwen]], [[Boromir]], [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. The gameplay continues by entering a door. A short cutscene follows in which Bilbo gives [[Sting]] and the ''[[mithril]]'' shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], "Rivendell"</ref><br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the battlegrounds in the game and a site of a skirmish between Elves and Goblins.<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game, located between Trollshaws and the Misty Mountains. Rivendell is also one of the places that players can choose as Elven character's homeland. The Last Homely House refers to a large dwelling of Elrond, not to the entire refuge of Rivendell. It is located on the eastern side of Rivendell. One can find Elrond's library, the [[Hall of Fire]], the scholar's guild and various guest rooms.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game and the only place characters are obliged to visit more than once (other cities can be re-visited, but this is optional).<br />
<br />
'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell appears in the [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|first film]] after [[Gandalf]] leads [[Thorin and Company]] away from [[Yazneg]] and the [[Wargs]]. Much of Rivendell is familiar from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] but new areas have been included, such as the meeting place of the [[White Council]] and a crystal table used for investigating the [[Moon-letters]] in [[Thrór's Map]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{companyroute}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Images of Rivendell]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[de:Bruchtal]]<br />
[[fi:Rivendell]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rivendell&diff=348180Rivendell2022-06-01T01:45:55Z<p>Tolkienator: Minor tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Rivendell|[[Rivendell (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Rivendell.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Rivendell<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Imladris'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />''Imbeláris'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />''Karningul'' ([[Westron|W]])<br />The First Homely House, The House of Elrond, The Last Homely House<br />
| location=A hidden valley beneath the western [[Misty Mountains]] in [[Eriador]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=Primarily [[Elves]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]<br />
| govern1=[[Lord of Rivendell]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Eregion]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|1697}}<br />
| event2=[[First Siege of Imladris|First Siege]]<br />
| event2date={{SA|1697}} - {{SA|1700|n}}<br />
| event3=[[Second Siege of Imladris|Second Siege]]<br />
| event3date=c. TA 1400<br />
| event4=[[Council of Elrond|Council&nbsp;of&nbsp;Elrond]]<br />
| event4date=[[25 October]], {{TA|3018}}<br />
| event5=Abandoned <br />
| event5date=By {{FoA|120}}<ref name="Tale">{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|And the house of Elrond was a refuge for the weary and the oppressed, and a treasury of good counsel and wise lore.|''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''}}<br />
'''Rivendell''', or '''Imladris''', was an [[Elves|Elven]] outpost in the [[Misty Mountains]] on the eastern edge of [[Eriador]]. Because of its location, it was called the ''' Last Homely House''' from the point of view of a traveller going to the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Wilderland]]; and also the '''First Homely House''' from the point of view of someone coming from these lands to the civilised lands of Eriador to the west.<br />
<br />
It was established by [[Elrond]] in {{SA|1697}} as a refuge from [[Sauron]] after the [[Fall of Eregion]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref> It remained Elrond's seat throughout the remainder of the Second Age and until the end of the Third Age, when he took the [[White Ship]] for [[Valinor]]. Rivendell had a strong alliance with the [[Kings of Arnor]] and after the fall of [[Arthedain]], it became a refuge for the [[Rangers of the North]] and the [[Heir of Isildur|Heir of Isildur]].<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Valley of Rivendell.jpg|thumb|250px|right|"Valley of Rivendell" by [[Soni Alcorn-Hender]]]]<br />
Rivendell was located at the edge of a narrow gorge of the [[Bruinen|Bruinen River]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> but well hidden in the moorlands and foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=Rest>{{H|Rest}}</ref><br />
<br />
Pine-trees grew on the top of the valley, and there was a "steep zig-zag path" to the valley bottom. The vegetation in the valley bottom was mostly oak and beech.<ref name=Rest/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Age===<br />
====Foundation====<br />
During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], and as [[Sauron]] was moving against Eriador, Elrond led an army of [[Elves of Lindon]] to the region. They arrived late but were joined by a detachment out of [[Eregion]] led by [[Celeborn]]. Despite this, Sauron's armies overwhelmed the Elves, and Elrond was unable to reach Eregion. Forced northward toward the headwaters of [[Bruinen]], Elrond established a stronghold.<ref name=SA/><br />
<br />
This became a refuge for those seeking shelter from Sauron's onslaught in Eriador, and Elrond's and Celeborn's Elves were soon joined by many fleeing the [[Sack of Eregion]]. More came as Sauron ravaged Eriador on his march toward [[Lindon]]. By {{SA|1700}}, Sauron had overrun all of Eriador and Imladris was [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]]. The siege ended when Gil-galad's forces, strengthened by the armament sent by [[Tar-Minastir]], routed Sauron's armies and drove him out of Eriador.<br />
<br />
A Council held at that time made Elrond Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, and Imladris his seat. Gil-galad bestowed [[Vilya]] upon Elrond in secret. Aided by the power of the [[Three Rings|Elven ring]], Elrond made Imladris one of the chief seats of Elvish strength in the west in the latter part of the Second Age. Imladris remained an Elvish stronghold in Eriador to the end of the Second Age and into the Third.<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Last Alliance====<br />
At the end of the Second Age, [[Elendil]] and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to challenge Sauron, and their host halted for a while at Imladris in {{SA|3431}} and they stayed there for 3 years, gathered their forces before crossing the Misty Mountains.<ref name=SA/><ref name="SV"/> <br />
<br />
[[Isildur]]'s wife and his youngest son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], were in Imladris at that time, and Isildur was journeying back to them after Sauron's defeat when he was ambushed at the [[Gladden Fields]].<ref>{{UT|7}}</ref> After receiving the shards of [[Narsil]], Valandil took up his role as King of [[Arnor]] and left Imladris for [[Annúminas]].<ref name="SV">{{S|V}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
After the fall of Gil-galad, Elrond remained in Imladris. During the Third Age, it was a refuge and sanctuary; many Elves gathered there, and it was the chief dwelling of the [[High Elves]] in Eriador, except the [[Elves of Lindon]], but also wise and powerful people of all the races. The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were also harboured there due to their kinship with Elrond, as descendants of his brother [[Elros]].<ref name="SV"/><br />
<br />
Danger came to Eriador around {{TA|1300}} when [[Angmar]] was established in the north-east beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. It was late in the reign of [[Arveleg I]] that [[Second Siege of Imladris|Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by Angmar into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elves of Rivendell joined [[Elves of Lindon|those of Lindon]] and the [[Galadhrim]], whom Elrond brought over the Mountains, in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the end of the North-kingdom in {{TA|1975}} [[Aranarth]], the first [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], had [[Arahael|his son]] fostered in Rivendell, as were all subsequent sons of the chieftains. The heirlooms and treasures of the house of Isildur, including the shards of [[Narsil]], were also kept there after [[Arvedui]]'s death.<ref name="SV"></ref> Among these were also some of the few remaining documents containing the history of Númenor.<ref>{{UT|3}}</ref><br />
<br />
There was traffic across the Misty Mountains in the Third Age between Imladris and [[Lothlórien]], for Elrond's wife was [[Celebrían]], daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn.<br />
<br />
In the [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] stopped off at Rivendell with the Dwarves on the way to the [[Lonely Mountain]]<ref name=Rest/> and also on the way back to [[the Shire]] with [[Gandalf]].<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Bilbo retired there after his 111th birthday, writing his memoir ''[[There and Back Again]]''.<ref name=Meetings>{{FR|II1}}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
Years later, [[Frodo Baggins]] and his [[Travellers|companions]] journeyed to Rivendell, where they met Bilbo. Several other Elves, [[Dwarves]] and [[Men]] had also arrived at Rivendell on separate errands;<ref name=Meetings/> at the [[Council of Elrond]] they learned that all of their errands were related to the fate of [[the One Ring]], and they had to decide what to do about it. In the end, the Hobbits influenced the decision.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
Following the destruction of [[the One Ring]] at the end of the Third Age, Elrond's ring lost its power, and Elrond, with many of his household, left Rivendell to sail for [[Valinor]] from the [[Grey Havens]]; this marked the start of the [[Fourth Age]]. <br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
Although Elrond departed from Rivendell, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] remained for a while with some of the remaining [[Noldor]].<ref name=Prologue>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref name=Prologue></ref><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is not known when Rivendell was finally abandoned, but shortly before [[Aragorn]] died in {{FoA|120}}, he said to [[Arwen]] that "none now walk" in the garden of Elrond, indicating that the last of the [[High Elves]] had departed to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Tale" /><br />
<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Rivendell'' ("[[Wiktionary:cloven|cloven]]-[[Wiktionary:dell|dell]]") is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of the Sindarin name '''''Imladris''''' ("deep dale of the cleft").<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 774</ref> An alternative (or complementary) etymology, gives ''Rivendell'' as the Anglicised version of the [[Westron]] name '''''Karningul''''' (itself a translation of ''Imladris'').<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><br />
<br />
The name ''Imladris'' is also glossed as "Canyon of the Cleft"<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 14 (note 18)</ref> and "flat-floored valley of the Cleft".<ref name="letter">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Anthony D. Howlett]]" ([[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|letter]])</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Quenya]] name '''''Arcimbelë''''' is used only once in a manuscript, and its meaning is unclear except for the element ''[[imbe]]'' ("deep vale").<ref name=Verb>{{PE|22c}}</ref>{{rp|125}} A more literal translation is given: ''Latimberista'', from ''latimbë'' ("glen") + ''rista'' ("cut"). However, on the same page, Tolkien stated that this name was not used in practice, and was replaced the Quenyarized form of ''Imladris'': '''''Imbeláris'''''.<ref name=Verb></ref>{{rp|127}}<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
A possible inspiration (so suggested by [[David Salo]]<ref>Aaron Fuegi, "[http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/Rivimages/realriv.html Rivendell in Switzerland]" at [http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/home.html the Last Homely House] (accessed 15 November 2011)</ref>) could have been [[wikipedia:Lauterbrunnen|Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland]], which Tolkien visited in [[1911]]:<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|I am... delighted that you have made the acquaintance of Switzerland, and of the very part that I once knew best and which had the deepest effect on me. The hobbit’s journey from Rivendell to the other side of the Misty Mountains, including the glissade down the slithering stones into the pine woods, is based on my adventures in 1911 (he was 19 and travelled to Lauterbrunnen)... Our wanderings mainly on foot in a party of 12 are not now clear in sequence, but leave many vivid pictures as clear as yesterday." (He talks of similar conditions of the travel of Bilbo camping out, walking mountain paths, carrying packs).|[[Letter 306]]}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
{{Gallery <br />
|title=Rivendell in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
|File:BFME2 - Elrond Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''<br />
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Rivendell1.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Gandalf and Galadriel.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''<br />
|File:ArdaCraft Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[ArdaCraft]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell appears in every instalment, although its role in the second and third film is rather minor.<br />
<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell is the fifth level and the first where no fighting is required. After Frodo is taken to Rivendell by [[Glorfindel]], he is first woken by [[Gandalf]]; after that, the [[Council of Elrond]] starts. After the council, there is an opportunity to speak to the NPCs - [[Aragorn]], [[Arwen]], [[Boromir]], [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. The gameplay continues by entering a door. A short cutscene follows in which Bilbo gives [[Sting]] and the ''[[mithril]]'' shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], "Rivendell"</ref><br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the battlegrounds in the game and a site of a skirmish between Elves and Goblins.<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game, located between Trollshaws and the Misty Mountains. Rivendell is also one of the places that players can choose as Elven character's homeland. The Last Homely House refers to a large dwelling of Elrond, not to the entire refuge of Rivendell. It is located on the eastern side of Rivendell. One can find Elrond's library, the [[Hall of Fire]], the scholar's guild and various guest rooms.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game and the only place characters are obliged to visit more than once (other cities can be re-visited, but this is optional).<br />
<br />
'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell appears in the [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|first film]] after [[Gandalf]] leads [[Thorin and Company]] away from [[Yazneg]] and the [[Wargs]]. Much of Rivendell is familiar from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] but new areas have been included, such as the meeting place of the [[White Council]] and a crystal table used for investigating the [[Moon-letters]] in [[Thrór's Map]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{companyroute}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Images of Rivendell]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[de:Bruchtal]]<br />
[[fi:Rivendell]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dale&diff=348121Dale2022-05-31T00:43:04Z<p>Tolkienator: Small tweaks</p>
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<div>{{disambig-two|the City of Dale|Kingdom|[[Kingdom of Dale]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Dale<br />
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Dale.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Dale" by Matěj Čadil<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Northern [[Rhovanion]] on the banks of [[River Running]], between the south-west and south-east arms of [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
| type=City<br />
| description=The great township of the [[Northmen]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Men of Dale]]<br />
| created=''[[#Other versions of the legendarium|See below]]''<br />
| destroyed={{TA|2770}}<br />
| rebuilt={{TA|2944}}<br />
| events=[[Sack of Erebor]], [[Battle of Five Armies]], [[Battle of Dale]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Dale''' was a great city of the [[Northmen]] which destroyed by [[Smaug]] and rebuilt as the capital of a great [[Kingdom of Dale|kingdom]] after his demise.<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Dale was situated in the valley between the south-western and south-eastern arms of the [[Lonely Mountain]], nestled in a sharp U-shaped bend of the [[River Running]].<ref>{{H|Thror}}</ref> <br />
<br />
It was known as a merry town that traded, mainly in food-supplies, for the skills and craft-pieces of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]. Dale's toy market was the wonder of the North<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> and the town was renowned for its bells.<ref>{{H|Doorstep}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Dale.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Dale'']]<br />
===Foundation===<br />
In {{TA|2590}}, King [[Thrór]] re-established the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> The realm prospered and about this time, the [[Northmen]] living to the south came up the River Running and built Dale.<ref name="Party"/> The town shared in the prosperity of the Dwarves and it was initially governed by the [[Lord of Dale]], of whom the last was named [[Girion]].<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Destruction===<br />
In {{TA|2770|n}}, [[Smaug]] descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom.<ref name="TA"/> Although the [[Men of Dale]] fielded warriors against the monster they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack the dragon would crawl out of the [[Front Gate]] of the Mountain by night and carry away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat. The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruins.<ref name="Party"/><br />
<br />
===Re-establishment===<br />
The death of Smaug and the [[Battle of Five Armies]] occurred in {{TA|2941|n}}. Three years after the battle, Dale was rebuilt by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]],<ref name="TA"/> who had killed the dragon and was the descendant of Girion. Dale soon again enjoyed prosperity: Bard founded the [[Dale (Kingdom)|Dale as a kingdom]] and it gathered men from the [[Long Lake]], the South, and the West. [[Lake-town]] was rebuilt and grew wealthy from traffic with Dale.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Its people became more commonly known as [[Bardings]], after their new ruler.<br />
<br />
[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dale units vs. Rhun.jpg|left|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''The Battle of Dale'']]<br />
===Later history===<br />
During the reign of King [[Brand]], the grandson of Bard the Bowman, Dale served as the capital for the lands he ruled, which extended far south and east of [[Lake-town]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref> However, as [[Glóin]] revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]], in {{TA|3017|n}} a messenger from [[Mordor]] came to ask King [[Dáin Ironfoot]] at the gate to the Lonely Mountain for news of [[Hobbits]] and to ask for [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] [[The One Ring|ring]]. Messengers had also come to King Brand and there were enemies gathering upon the [[Kingdom of Dale]]'s eastern borders.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Easterlings]] crossed the border and moved to attack the city. On [[17 March]] {{TA|3019|n}} the [[Battle of Dale]] began. Not able to hold back the Easterlings the [[Bardings]] and the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], retreated into the Lonely Mountain, but lost Kings Brand and [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] who were both slain at the Gate of Erebor. For seven days, the Men and Dwarves barricaded themselves in Erebor until news came from the south of the defeat of [[Sauron]]. The new Kings of Dale and Erebor ([[Bard II]] and [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]), broke the siege and drove the Easterlings out of Dale. Bard later sent an emissary to the coronation of King [[Aragorn II Elessar]] and his realm was ever after in perpetual friendship and under the protection of the [[King of the West]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''dale'' means "valley", as it was built in the [[River Running|Celduin]] valley between two arms of Erebor.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
According to ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Thorin]] tells [[Bilbo]] that the [[Northmen]] built “the merry town of Dale” during the time when his grandfather [[Thror]] was [[King under the Mountain]], soon after {{TA|2590}}. This is the only definitive statement of Dale's foundation. However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]'', in the section titled “[[Cirion and Eorl]],” the following comment is found (after the defeat of King [[Narmacil II]] of Gondor in {{TA|1856}}):<br />
<br />
:{{blockquote|As for the Northmen, a few, it is said, fled over the Celduin (River Running) and were merged with the folk of Dale under Erebor (with whom they were akin), some took refuge in Gondor, and others were gathered by Marhwini son of Marhari (who fell in the rearguard action after the Battle of the Plains).|{{UT|8}}}}<br />
<br />
It is possible to reconcile the texts if {{TA|1856}} is seen as the latest year of the foundation of the first, primitive [[Northmen]] settlements in the area with the years after {{TA|2590}} as the foundation of the city with the coming of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]; the canonicity of this, however, is unknown.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:Dale-BFME2.jpg|thumb|Dale in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|''BFME'' II]]]]<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The City of Dale appears in the ''Erebor'' map, just south-east of the mountain itself. It appears to contain several houses, taverns and bridges, as well as a statue of a man. The city is built around the mountain's river.<br />
<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:In TA 2770 Smaug descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom. Although the Men of Dale fielded warriors against the monster they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack the dragon would crawl out of the Front Gate of the Mountain by night and carry away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat. The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruins.<br />
<br />
'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''<br />
:The ruined city of Dale appears briefly when [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] are heading for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''<br />
:After the death of [[Smaug]], the villagers of [[Lake-town]] seek refuge in the ruined city. During the [[Battle of Five Armies]], they hide inside Dale while the [[Lake-men]] combat the enemy forces. When the [[Orcs|Orc]] army attacks the ruined city, Bard and the Lake-towners run to defend it, leaving the [[Dwarves]] and the [[Elves]] to protect the gates of Erebor. The Elves later come to join the [[Men]] in defending the city.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Dale|Images of Dale]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[de:Thal]]<br />
[[fi:Laakso]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:rhovanion:dale]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elvenking%27s_Halls&diff=348120Elvenking's Halls2022-05-31T00:35:53Z<p>Tolkienator: Small tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Elvenking's Halls<br />
| image=[[File:Eric Faure-Brac - Thranduil's Halls.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Thranduil's Halls" by Eric Faure-Brac<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Northeastern [[Mirkwood]], on the banks of the [[Forest River]]<br />
| type=City<br />
| description=Stronghold of the [[Woodland Realm]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Elves of Mirkwood]]<br />
| created=c. {{TA|1050}}<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=[[Quest for Erebor]], [[War of the Ring]]<br />
| gallery=the Elvenking's Halls<br />
}}<br />
The '''Elvenking's Halls'''<ref name="Map">{{H|Wilderland}}</ref> were a cave system in northern [[Mirkwood]], in which King [[Thranduil]] and many of the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] lived during most of the [[Third Age]] and into the [[Fourth Age]].<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
The halls were just inside the eastern border of Mirkwood on the north bank of the [[Forest River]], some miles upstream from [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]].<ref name="Map"/> The great cave had many passages and wide halls and was more wholesome than the goblin tunnels in the [[Misty Mountains]]. While most of the Elves lived in the woods the king's halls served as his palace and treasure vault and was also a fortress for the Elves in times of danger.<ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref><br />
<br />
The entryway to the halls had huge stone doors<ref name="Flies"/> that were closed and secured by magic. The throne room for Thranduil was a great hall with pillars carved from the living rock. In lower levels were cells for prisoners and at the lowest part of the caves were the cellars of the king. These cellars were built over an underground stream so that empty barrels could be dropped into the water and floated out to the Forest River through a gate barred by a portcullis.<ref name="Barrels">{{H|Barrels}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
About {{TA|1050}} the [[Shadow]] began to fall upon [[Mirkwood|Greenwood]] (causing it to be called Mirkwood).<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> In response, King Thranduil led his people to the north-east corner of the forest and delved there a fortress and series of great halls underground. He was inspired in this enterprise by [[Thingol]]'s halls of [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]] during the [[First Age]]. Like Thingol, Thranduil enlisted the aid of the [[Dwarves]] in making his stronghold, though the Elvenking's Halls of Mirkwood were less grand than that magnificent ancient cavern.<ref group="note">In ''[[The Two Towers]]'', [[Gimli]] asks Legolas, "Do you think those halls are fair, where your King dwells under the hill in Mirkwood, and Dwarves helped in their making long ago?" However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', it is stated that Thranduil's halls "were not to be compared with [[Menegroth]]. He had not the arts nor wealth nor the aid of the Dwarves."</ref><ref>{{TT|Road}}</ref><ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref><br />
[[File:Henning Janssen - Blindfolded.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Blindfolded'']]<br />
In the autumn of {{TA|2941}}<ref name="TA"/> [[Thorin and Company]] were traversing Mirkwood and had run out of food. Spotting some woodland feasts the Company attempted to enter these gatherings but were thwarted each time. On the third attempt [[Thorin]] was captured and brought to Thranduil's halls where he was interrogated by the king. Angered by Thorin's refusal to answer his questions, Thranduil had Thorin locked in his innermost cell.<ref name="Flies"/><br />
<br />
Soon after, the twelve remaining dwarves (but not [[Bilbo Baggins]]) were taken by the Elves and brought to Thranduil's halls. They fared no better with the king and were also locked in the king's dungeon. Bilbo though, through the invisibility conferred by [[the One Ring|his ring]], roamed about the halls and discovered the cellars and the trap door leading to the underground stream. Through good luck Bilbo was able to obtain the keys to the dwarves' cells, free them, and pack them into empty barrels in the cellar. Workers then came and rolled the barrels through the trap door and thus the hobbit (riding one of the barrels) effected the escape of the Company from Thranduil's halls.<ref name="Barrels"/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|3017|n}}, [[Aragorn]] captured [[Gollum]] in the [[Dead Marshes]] and brought him to Thranduil's halls.<ref name="TA"/> As was told in the [[Council of Elrond]], Gollum was kept in prison but had been allowed to climb a tree, with guards to watch him.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref> About [[20 June]] {{TA|3018|n}}, [[Orcs]] attacked and Gollum disappeared.<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> Nothing more is said of these halls.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2013: [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]:'''<br />
:The Elvenking's Halls is featured in the second ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|Hobbit]]'' film, ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|The Desolation of Smaug]]''.<br />
'''2018: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Elvenking's Halls are known as "Felegoth" in-game, and is said to be situated beneath the hill of Cerin Dorn. It serves as a major stronghold in the North for adventurers who are questing, and those that serve King [[Thranduil]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{companyroute}}<br />
[[Category:Buildings]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Thranduils Hallen]]<br />
[[fi:Haltiakuninkaan salit]]<br />
[[fr:galerie:faure-brac_eric:le_palais_de_thranduil]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Nargothrond&diff=347725Nargothrond2022-05-20T02:56:11Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
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<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Jonathan Guzi - Nargothrond.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Nargothrond<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=[[West Beleriand]]<br />
| capital=Nargothrond<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=[[Taur-en-Faroth]], [[Talath Dirnen]], [[Tumhalad]]<br />
| population=[[Elves of Nargothrond]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Nargothrond]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Nulukkizdîn]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{FA|52}}<br />
| event2=Completed<br />
| event2date=c. {{FA|102}}<br />
| event3=Destroyed<br />
| event3date={{FA|495}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{Quote|Thus [[Finrod]] came to the Caverns of Narog, and began to establish there deep halls and armouries after the fashion of the mansions of [[Menegroth]]; and that stronghold was called Nargothrond.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Beleriand and Its Realms]]"}}<br />
<br />
'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] which delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]]. <br />
<br />
Nargothrond was the capital of the '''realm of Nargothrond'''<Ref group=note>The name appears only in the map accompanying ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. In the text, the realm is mentioned with miniscule letters.</ref> between [[Nenning]], Narog and [[Teiglin]], including the surrounding hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] and the [[Talath Dirnen]] to the north, as well as [[Tumhalad]]. Finrod was the overlord of all the [[Elves]] in the [[West Beleriand]], except the [[Falathrim]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref><ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Building===<br />
On the western bank of the river [[Narog]], beneath the forested hills of Taur-en-Faroth, the Caverns of Narog were first known as '''[[Nulukkizdîn]]''', secretly inhabited by the [[Petty-dwarves]] before they were driven out.<ref name=Doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Finrod listens to the counsel of Ulmo.jpg|thumb|left|''Finrod listens to the counsel of Ulmo'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]<br />
<br />
After the return of the [[Noldor]] to [[Middle-earth]], [[Finrod]] and his brothers were established on north Beleriand with [[Fingolfin]]. In {{FA|50}},<ref>{{GA|74}}</ref> he was visited in [[Tol Sirion]] by his cousin [[Turgon]] from [[Nevrast]]; both travelled together southward to Beleriand. While resting in the [[Meres of Twilight]], [[Ulmo]] went to them and laid upon them a deep sleep and disturbing dreams. None told the other about his dreams, but both cousins began a search for hidden places in case [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]].<ref name=return>{{S|Return}}</ref><br />
<br />
Years later, Finrod and his sister [[Galadriel]] dwelt a time in King [[Thingol]]'s court. The king told him about the Caverns of Narog, and gave him guides to lead him there. Inspired by [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]], Finrod chose those caves to build his great underground fortress, and began the construction of Nargothrond.<ref name=return>{{S|Return}}</ref> <br />
<br />
He was at first aided by the Petty Dwarves that still lingered there, who were greatly compensated, but their chieftain [[Mîm]] tried to murder him during his sleep and they were expelled.<ref>{{NM|P3vii}}, p. 305</ref> Thus Finrod was later aided by the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]], who also made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves, and gave him his famous epithet, ''Felagund'', Hewer of Caves. Finrod rewarded them with treasures he brought from [[Tirion]].<ref name=return>{{S|Return}}</ref> When the building was finished on {{FA|102}}, a great feast was held there and many attended, including Galadriel.<ref>{{GA|108}}</ref><br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Nargothrond (II) (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|thumb|''Nargothrond'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (Colors by [[H.E. Riddett]])]]<br />
Finrod also raised an artificial hill, [[Amon Ethir]], a league far from the gates of Nargothrond.<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Days of power===<br />
Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and handed rule to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], the sons of [[Fëanor]], were defeated and retreated to Nargothrond where they were received as one of them. Although the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher. Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.<br />
<br />
===Fall===<br />
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Nargothrond - Turin and Finduilas.jpg|thumb|left|''Nargothrond - Turin and Finduilas'' by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]]]<br />
{{Main|Sack of Nargothrond}}<br />
<br />
[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the [[Bridge of Nargothrond|bridge]] was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].<br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen hoard until he went northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Túrin and was killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]]. Then, [[Mîm]] the Petty-dwarf settled there reclaiming his people's ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. Húrin entered the dark caves where the treasures Finrod brought from [[Valinor]] still lay there, but he brought out the [[Nauglamir]].<ref name=Doriath/><br />
<br />
The realm remained deserted for the rest of the First Age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of Beleriand. Ages later, the realm will be remembered in Dwarven lore<ref>{{FR|II4}}, "[[Song of Durin]]"</ref> and mentioned by Galadriel.<ref>{{FR|II7}}, "...for ere the fall of Nargothrond or Gondolin I passed over the mountains..."</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
From its first conception, the name '''''Nargothrond''''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).<ref>{{WJ|10}}</ref><br />
<br />
However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name '''''Nar(u)kathan''''' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Caves]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Nargothrond]]<br />
[[fi:Nargothrond]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Nargothrond&diff=347724Nargothrond2022-05-20T02:45:39Z<p>Tolkienator: Minor tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Jonathan Guzi - Nargothrond.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Nargothrond<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=[[West Beleriand]]<br />
| capital=Nargothrond<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=[[Taur-en-Faroth]], [[Talath Dirnen]], [[Tumhalad]]<br />
| population=[[Elves of Nargothrond]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Nargothrond]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Nulukkizdîn]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{FA|52}}<br />
| event2=Completed<br />
| event2date=c. {{FA|102}}<br />
| event3=Destroyed<br />
| event3date={{FA|495}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{Quote|Thus [[Finrod]] came to the Caverns of Narog, and began to establish there deep halls and armouries after the fashion of the mansions of [[Menegroth]]; and that stronghold was called Nargothrond.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Beleriand and Its Realms]]"}}<br />
<br />
'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] which delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]]. <br />
<br />
Nargothrond was the capital of the '''realm of Nargothrond'''<Ref group=note>The name appears only in the map accompanying ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. In the text, the realm is mentioned with miniscule letters.</ref> between [[Nenning]], Narog and [[Teiglin]], including the surrounding hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] and the [[Talath Dirnen]] to the north, as well as [[Tumhalad]]. Finrod was the overlord of all the [[Elves]] in the [[West Beleriand]], except the [[Falathrim]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref><ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Building===<br />
On the western bank of the river [[Narog]], beneath the forested hills of Taur-en-Faroth, the Caverns of Narog were first known as '''[[Nulukkizdîn]]''', secretly inhabited by the [[Petty-dwarves]] before they were driven out.<ref name=Doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Finrod listens to the counsel of Ulmo.jpg|thumb|left|''Finrod listens to the counsel of Ulmo'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]<br />
<br />
After the return of the [[Noldor]] to [[Middle-earth]], [[Finrod]] and his brothers were established on north Beleriand with [[Fingolfin]]. In {{FA|50}},<ref>{{GA|74}}</ref> he was visited in [[Tol Sirion]] by his cousin [[Turgon]] from [[Nevrast]]; both travelled together southward to Beleriand. While resting in the [[Meres of Twilight]], [[Ulmo]] went to them and laid upon them a deep sleep and disturbing dreams. None told the other about his dreams, but both cousins began a search for hidden places in case [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]].<ref name=return>{{S|Return}}</ref><br />
<br />
Years later, Finrod and his sister [[Galadriel]] dwelt a time in King [[Thingol]]'s court. The king told him about the Caverns of Narog, and gave him guides to lead him there. Inspired by [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]], Finrod chose those caves to build his great underground fortress, and began the construction of Nargothrond.<ref name=return>{{S|Return}}</ref> <br />
<br />
He was at first aided by the Petty Dwarves that still lingered there, who were greatly compensated, but their chieftain [[Mîm]] tried to murder him during his sleep and they were expelled.<ref>{{NM|P3vii}}, p. 305</ref> Thus Finrod was later aided by the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]], who also made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves, and gave him his famous epithet, ''Felagund'', Hewer of Caves. Finrod rewarded them with treasures he brought from [[Tirion]].<ref name=return>{{S|Return}}</ref> When the building was finished on {{FA|102}}, a great feast was held there and many attended, including Galadriel.<ref>{{GA|108}}</ref><br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Nargothrond (II) (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|thumb|''Nargothrond'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (Colors by [[H.E. Riddett]])]]<br />
Finrod also raised an artificial hill, [[Amon Ethir]], a league far from the gates of Nargothrond.<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Days of power===<br />
Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and handed rule to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], the sons of [[Fëanor]], were defeated and retreated to Nargothrond where they were received as one of them. Although the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher. Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.<br />
<br />
===Fall===<br />
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Nargothrond - Turin and Finduilas.jpg|thumb|left|''Nargothrond - Turin and Finduilas'' by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]]]<br />
{{Main|Fall of Nargothrond}}<br />
<br />
[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the [[Bridge of Nargothrond|bridge]] was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].<br />
<br />
===Afterwards===<br />
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen hoard until he went northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Túrin and was killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]]. Then, [[Mîm]] the Petty-dwarf settled there reclaiming his people's ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. Húrin entered the dark caves where the treasures Finrod brought from [[Valinor]] still lay there, but he brought out the [[Nauglamir]].<ref name=Doriath/><br />
<br />
The realm remained deserted for the rest of the First Age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of Beleriand. Ages later, the realm will be remembered in Dwarven lore<ref>{{FR|II4}}, "[[Song of Durin]]"</ref> and mentioned by Galadriel.<ref>{{FR|II7}}, "...for ere the fall of Nargothrond or Gondolin I passed over the mountains..."</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
From its first conception, the name '''''Nargothrond''''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).<ref>{{WJ|10}}</ref><br />
<br />
However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name '''''Nar(u)kathan''''' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Caves]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Nargothrond]]<br />
[[fi:Nargothrond]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dale&diff=347438Dale2022-05-16T02:45:32Z<p>Tolkienator: /* Other versions of the legendarium */ Minor tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the City of Dale|Kingdom|[[Kingdom of Dale]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Dale<br />
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Dale.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Dale" by Matěj Čadil<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Northern [[Rhovanion]] on the banks of [[River Running]], between the south-west and south-east arms of [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
| type=City<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Men of Dale]]<br />
| created=c. {{TA|2590}}<br>''[[#Other versions of the legendarium|See below]]''<br />
| destroyed={{TA|2770}}<br />
| rebuilt={{TA|2944}}<br />
| events=[[Sack of Erebor]], [[Battle of Five Armies]], [[Battle of Dale]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Dale''' was a great city of the [[Northmen]] which destroyed by [[Smaug]] and rebuilt as the capital of a great [[Kingdom of Dale|kingdom]] after his demise.<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Dale was situated in the valley between the south-western and south-eastern arms of the [[Lonely Mountain]], nestled in a sharp U-shaped bend of the [[River Running]].<ref>{{H|Thror}}</ref> <br />
<br />
It was known as a merry town that traded, mainly in food-supplies, for the skills and craft-pieces of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]. Dale's toy market was the wonder of the North<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> and the town was renowned for its bells.<ref>{{H|Doorstep}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Dale.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Dale'']]<br />
===Foundation===<br />
In {{TA|2590}}, King [[Thrór]] re-established the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> The realm prospered and about this time, the [[Northmen]] living to the south came up the River Running and built Dale.<ref name="Party"/> The town shared in the prosperity of the Dwarves and it was initially governed by the [[Lord of Dale]], of whom the last was named [[Girion]].<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Destruction===<br />
In {{TA|2770|n}}, [[Smaug]] descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom.<ref name="TA"/> Although the [[Men of Dale]] fielded warriors against the monster they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack the dragon would crawl out of the [[Front Gate]] of the Mountain by night and carry away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat. The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruins.<ref name="Party"/><br />
<br />
===Re-establishment===<br />
The death of Smaug and the [[Battle of Five Armies]] occurred in {{TA|2941|n}}. Three years after the battle, Dale was rebuilt by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]],<ref name="TA"/> who had killed the dragon and was the descendant of Girion. Dale soon again enjoyed prosperity: Bard founded the [[Kingdom of Dale]] and it gathered men from the [[Long Lake]], the South, and the West. [[Lake-town]] was rebuilt and grew wealthy from traffic with Dale.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Its people became more commonly known as [[Bardings]], after their new ruler.<br />
<br />
[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dale units vs. Rhun.jpg|left|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''The Battle of Dale'']]<br />
===War of the Ring===<br />
During the reign of King [[Brand]], the grandson of Bard the Bowman, Dale served as the capital for the lands he ruled, which extended far south and east of [[Lake-town]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref> However, as [[Glóin]] revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]], in {{TA|3017|n}} a messenger from [[Mordor]] came to ask King [[Dáin Ironfoot]] at the gate to the Lonely Mountain for news of [[Hobbits]] and to ask for [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] [[The One Ring|ring]]. Messengers had also come to King Brand and there were enemies gathering upon the [[Kingdom of Dale]]'s eastern borders.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Battle of Dale===<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Easterlings]] crossed the border and moved to attack the city. On [[17 March]] {{TA|3019|n}} the [[Battle of Dale]] began. Not able to hold back the Easterlings the [[Bardings]] and the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], retreated into the Lonely Mountain, but lost Kings Brand and [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] who were both slain at the Gate of Erebor. For seven days, the Men and Dwarves barricaded themselves in Erebor until news came from the south of the defeat of [[Sauron]]. The new Kings of Dale and Erebor ([[Bard II]] and [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]), broke the siege and drove the Easterlings out of Dale. Bard later sent an emissary to the coronation of King [[Aragorn II Elessar]] and his realm was ever after in perpetual friendship and under the protection of the [[King of the West]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''dale'' means "valley", as it was built in the [[River Running|Celduin]] valley between two arms of Erebor.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
According to ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Thorin]] tells [[Bilbo]] that the [[Northmen]] built “the merry town of Dale” during the time when his grandfather [[Thror]] was [[King under the Mountain]], soon after {{TA|2590}}. This is the only definitive statement of Dale's foundation. However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]'', in the section titled “[[Cirion and Eorl]],” the following comment is found (after the defeat of King [[Narmacil II]] of Gondor in {{TA|1856}}):<br />
<br />
:{{blockquote|As for the Northmen, a few, it is said, fled over the Celduin (River Running) and were merged with the folk of Dale under Erebor (with whom they were akin), some took refuge in Gondor, and others were gathered by Marhwini son of Marhari (who fell in the rearguard action after the Battle of the Plains).|{{UT|8}}}}<br />
<br />
It is possible to reconcile the texts if {{TA|1856}} is seen as the latest year of the foundation of the first, primitive [[Northmen]] settlements in the area with the years after {{TA|2590}} as the foundation of the city with the coming of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]; the canonicity of this, however, is unknown.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:Dale-BFME2.jpg|thumb|Dale in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|''BFME'' II]]]]<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The City of Dale appears in the ''Erebor'' map, just south-east of the mountain itself. It appears to contain several houses, taverns and bridges, as well as a statue of a man. The city is built around the mountain's river.<br />
<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:In TA 2770 Smaug descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom. Although the Men of Dale fielded warriors against the monster they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack the dragon would crawl out of the Front Gate of the Mountain by night and carry away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat. The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruins.<br />
<br />
'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''<br />
:The ruined city of Dale appears briefly when [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] are heading for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''<br />
:After the death of [[Smaug]], the villagers of [[Lake-town]] seek refuge in the ruined city. During the [[Battle of Five Armies]], they hide inside Dale while the [[Lake-men]] combat the enemy forces. When the [[Orcs|Orc]] army attacks the ruined city, Bard and the Lake-towners run to defend it, leaving the [[Dwarves]] and the [[Elves]] to protect the gates of Erebor. The Elves later come to join the [[Men]] in defending the city.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Dale|Images of Dale]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[de:Thal]]<br />
[[fi:Laakso]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:rhovanion:dale]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dale&diff=347437Dale2022-05-16T02:45:10Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the City of Dale|Kingdom|[[Kingdom of Dale]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Dale<br />
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Dale.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Dale" by Matěj Čadil<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Northern [[Rhovanion]] on the banks of [[River Running]], between the south-west and south-east arms of [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
| type=City<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Men of Dale]]<br />
| created=c. {{TA|2590}}<br>''[[#Other versions of the legendarium|See below]]''<br />
| destroyed={{TA|2770}}<br />
| rebuilt={{TA|2944}}<br />
| events=[[Sack of Erebor]], [[Battle of Five Armies]], [[Battle of Dale]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Dale''' was a great city of the [[Northmen]] which destroyed by [[Smaug]] and rebuilt as the capital of a great [[Kingdom of Dale|kingdom]] after his demise.<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Dale was situated in the valley between the south-western and south-eastern arms of the [[Lonely Mountain]], nestled in a sharp U-shaped bend of the [[River Running]].<ref>{{H|Thror}}</ref> <br />
<br />
It was known as a merry town that traded, mainly in food-supplies, for the skills and craft-pieces of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]. Dale's toy market was the wonder of the North<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> and the town was renowned for its bells.<ref>{{H|Doorstep}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Dale.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Dale'']]<br />
===Foundation===<br />
In {{TA|2590}}, King [[Thrór]] re-established the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> The realm prospered and about this time, the [[Northmen]] living to the south came up the River Running and built Dale.<ref name="Party"/> The town shared in the prosperity of the Dwarves and it was initially governed by the [[Lord of Dale]], of whom the last was named [[Girion]].<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Destruction===<br />
In {{TA|2770|n}}, [[Smaug]] descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom.<ref name="TA"/> Although the [[Men of Dale]] fielded warriors against the monster they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack the dragon would crawl out of the [[Front Gate]] of the Mountain by night and carry away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat. The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruins.<ref name="Party"/><br />
<br />
===Re-establishment===<br />
The death of Smaug and the [[Battle of Five Armies]] occurred in {{TA|2941|n}}. Three years after the battle, Dale was rebuilt by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]],<ref name="TA"/> who had killed the dragon and was the descendant of Girion. Dale soon again enjoyed prosperity: Bard founded the [[Kingdom of Dale]] and it gathered men from the [[Long Lake]], the South, and the West. [[Lake-town]] was rebuilt and grew wealthy from traffic with Dale.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Its people became more commonly known as [[Bardings]], after their new ruler.<br />
<br />
[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dale units vs. Rhun.jpg|left|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''The Battle of Dale'']]<br />
===War of the Ring===<br />
During the reign of King [[Brand]], the grandson of Bard the Bowman, Dale served as the capital for the lands he ruled, which extended far south and east of [[Lake-town]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref> However, as [[Glóin]] revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]], in {{TA|3017|n}} a messenger from [[Mordor]] came to ask King [[Dáin Ironfoot]] at the gate to the Lonely Mountain for news of [[Hobbits]] and to ask for [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] [[The One Ring|ring]]. Messengers had also come to King Brand and there were enemies gathering upon the [[Kingdom of Dale]]'s eastern borders.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Battle of Dale===<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Easterlings]] crossed the border and moved to attack the city. On [[17 March]] {{TA|3019|n}} the [[Battle of Dale]] began. Not able to hold back the Easterlings the [[Bardings]] and the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], retreated into the Lonely Mountain, but lost Kings Brand and [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] who were both slain at the Gate of Erebor. For seven days, the Men and Dwarves barricaded themselves in Erebor until news came from the south of the defeat of [[Sauron]]. The new Kings of Dale and Erebor ([[Bard II]] and [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]), broke the siege and drove the Easterlings out of Dale. Bard later sent an emissary to the coronation of King [[Aragorn II Elessar]] and his realm was ever after in perpetual friendship and under the protection of the [[King of the West]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
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==Etymology==<br />
The word ''dale'' means "valley", as it was built in the [[River Running|Celduin]] valley between two arms of Erebor.<br />
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==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
According to ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Thorin]] tells [[Bilbo]] that the [[Northmen]] built “the merry town of Dale” during the time when his grandfather [[Thror]] was [[King under the Mountain]], soon after {{TA|2590}}. This is the only definitive statement of Dale's foundation. However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]'', in the section titled “[[Cirion and Eorl]],” the following comment is found (after the defeat of King [[Narmacil II]] of Gondor in {{TA|1856}}):<br />
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:{{blockquote|As for the Northmen, a few, it is said, fled over the Celduin (River Running) and were merged with the folk of Dale under Erebor (with whom they were akin), some took refuge in Gondor, and others were gathered by Marhwini son of Marhari (who fell in the rearguard action after the Battle of the Plains).|{{UT|8}}}}<br />
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It is possible to reconcile the texts if {{TA|1856}} is seen as the latest year of the foundation of the first, primitive [[Northmen]] settlements in the area with the years after {{TA|2590}} as the foundation of the city with the coming of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]; the canonicity of this, however, is unknown.<br />
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==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:Dale-BFME2.jpg|thumb|Dale in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|''BFME'' II]]]]<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The City of Dale appears in the ''Erebor'' map, just south-east of the mountain itself. It appears to contain several houses, taverns and bridges, as well as a statue of a man. The city is built around the mountain's river.<br />
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'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:In TA 2770 Smaug descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom. Although the Men of Dale fielded warriors against the monster they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack the dragon would crawl out of the Front Gate of the Mountain by night and carry away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat. The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruins.<br />
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'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''<br />
:The ruined city of Dale appears briefly when [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] are heading for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<br />
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'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''<br />
:After the death of [[Smaug]], the villagers of [[Lake-town]] seek refuge in the ruined city. During the [[Battle of Five Armies]], they hide inside Dale while the [[Lake-men]] combat the enemy forces. When the [[Orcs|Orc]] army attacks the ruined city, Bard and the Lake-towners run to defend it, leaving the [[Dwarves]] and the [[Elves]] to protect the gates of Erebor. The Elves later come to join the [[Men]] in defending the city.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Dale|Images of Dale]]<br />
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{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[de:Thal]]<br />
[[fi:Laakso]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:rhovanion:dale]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=King_of_Dale&diff=346482King of Dale2022-05-04T14:49:14Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''King of Dale''' was the hereditary ruler of [[Dale (Kingdom)|Dale]], after its foundation by [[Bard]] in {{TA|2944}}, who himself was a descendant of the last [[Lord of Dale]].<ref name=great>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
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==List of Kings==<br />
* [[Bard|Bard I]] ({{TA|2944}} - {{TA|2977|n}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Bain]] ({{TA|2977}} - {{TA|3007|n}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Brand]] ({{TA|3007}} - {{TA|3019|n}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Bard II]] (From {{TA|3019}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Lord of Dale]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kings of Dale| ]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish titles]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=King_of_Dale&diff=346481King of Dale2022-05-04T14:48:50Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''King of Dale''' was the hereditary ruler of [[Dale (Kingdom)|Dale]], after its foundation by [[Bard]] in {{TA|2944}}, who himself was a descendant of the last [[Lord of Dale|Lords of Dale]].<ref name=great>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Kings==<br />
* [[Bard|Bard I]] ({{TA|2944}} - {{TA|2977|n}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Bain]] ({{TA|2977}} - {{TA|3007|n}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Brand]] ({{TA|3007}} - {{TA|3019|n}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Bard II]] (From {{TA|3019}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Lord of Dale]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kings of Dale| ]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish titles]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lord_of_Dale&diff=346465Lord of Dale2022-05-04T00:54:31Z<p>Tolkienator: Minor tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Lord of Dale''' was the title held by the ruler of [[Dale]] until its destruction in {{TA|2770}}.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> The only recorded Lord was the final one, [[Girion]].<ref>{{H|Inside}}</ref> His descendant [[Bard|Bard I]] later founded the hereditary title of [[King of Dale]] in {{TA|2944|n}}.<ref name="TA"/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Mannish titles]]</div>Tolkienatorhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=King_of_Dale&diff=346464King of Dale2022-05-04T00:50:39Z<p>Tolkienator: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''King of Dale''' was the hereditary ruler of the [[Dale (Kingdom)|Dale]], after its foundation by [[Bard]] in {{TA|2944}}, who himself was a descendant of the [[Lord of Dale|Lords of Dale]].<ref name=great>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Kings==<br />
* [[Bard|Bard I]] ({{TA|2944}} - {{TA|2977}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Bain]] ({{TA|2977}} - {{TA|3007}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Brand]] ({{TA|3007}} - {{TA|3019}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
* [[Bard II]] (From {{TA|3019}})<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Lord of Dale]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kings of Dale| ]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish titles]]</div>Tolkienator