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{{numenorean
{{numenorean infobox
| name=Ar-Adûnakhôr<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XX ''Ar-Adûnakhôr (Tar-Herunúmen)''</ref>
| image=
| image=
| name=Ar-Adûnakhôr
| caption=
| othernames=[[Tar-Herunúmen]]
| pronun=
| birth=[[Second Age 2709|S.A. 2709]]
| othernames=''Tar-Herunúmen'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/>
| rule=[[Second Age 2899|S.A. 2899]]-[[Second Age 2962|2962]] (63 years)
| titles=[[King of Númenor]]
| death=[[Second Age 2962|S.A. 2962]]
| position=
| age=253 years
| location=[[Númenor]]
| party=[[King's Men]]
| affiliation=[[King's Men]]
| language=[[Adûnaic]]
| language=[[Adûnaic]]
| birth={{SA|2709}}<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/>
| birthlocation=
| rule={{SA|2899}} - {{SA|2962|n}} (63 years)<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/>
| death={{SA|2962}}<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/>
| deathlocation=
| age=253
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| parentage=[[Tar-Ardamin]]<ref name=Tar-Ardamin>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XIX ''Tar-Ardamin''</ref>
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Ar-Zimrathôn]]<ref name=Ar-Zimrathon>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XXI ''Ar-Zimrathôn''</ref>
| gender=Male
| gender=Male
| height=
| height=
| hair=
| hair=
| eyes=
| eyes=
| parentage=[[Tar-Ardamin]]
| clothing=
| siblings=
| weapons=
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| steed=
| children=[[Ar-Zimrathôn]]
}}
|}}
'''Ar-Adûnakhôr''' was the son of King [[Tar-Ardamin]] and the twentieth [[King of Númenor]].<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/>
'''Ar-Adûnakhôr''' was the twentieth [[King of Númenor]].
 
==History==
Adûnakhôr was born in a time when most [[Númenóreans]] already had stopped using the [[Elvish|Elven tongues]] generations before, although it was still customary for the [[Kings of Númenor]] to take their royal names in [[Quenya]].
 
When Ar-Adûnakhôr succeeded his father, however, he was the first King to break with tradition and took his title in [[Adûnaic]].<ref name=AppAr-Adunakhor>{{App|Numenor}}, paragraph about king Ar-Adûnakhôr</ref><ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/> Tar-Herunúmen, a name in [[Quenya]] was still recorded in the Scroll of Kings, because the kings feared that a break with this ancient custom could cause evil to befall.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/>
 
His names were perceived as blasphemous and ill-omened<ref name=AppAr-Adunakhor/> by the [[Faithful]] Númenóreans, because they mean "Lord of the West", a title that the Faithful only used for one of the [[Valar]], especially [[Manwë]].<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/>
 
During his reign the Elven-tongues were no longer used, nor permitted to be taught, but were maintained in secret by the Faithful. After that elven ships from [[Tol Eressëa]] only came seldom and secretly to the west shores of Númenor.<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/>


When Ar-Adûnakhôr became King, he took his name in [[Adûnaic]]. He was the first of the Kings of Númenor to do this; although most of the Númenóreans had stopped using the [[Elven tongues]] generations before, it was still customary for the Kings to take their royal names in [[Quenya]]. This break with tradition, along with the very meaning of the name itself (''Adûnakhôr'' signifed "Lord of the West" and properly referred to [[Manwë]] the [[Elder King]]) antagonized those of the Númenóreans who were still loyal to the [[Valar]] (called the [[Faithful]]). To the Faithful, the choosing of this name represented outright blasphemy and a direct challenge to the rightful leadership of the Valar.
He was succeeded to the throne by his son, [[Ar-Zimrathôn]].<ref name=Ar-Zimrathon/><ref>{{App|Numenor}}, pargraphs with the names of the Kings and Queens of Númenor</ref>


In addition to taking an Adûnaic name, Ar-Adûnakhôr forbade the speaking of the Elven tongues in his presence. Because of the cold feelings of Ar-Adûnakhôr and [[King's Men|most of his people]] to the [[Eldar]] and the [[Valar]], Elven ships came from [[Tol Eressëa]] to the west of Númenor only seldom and in secret.
== Etymology and names ==
''Adûnakhôr'' is an [[Adûnaic]] name that means "Lord of the West".<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/> It can be analyzed as ''[[adûn]]'' "West" ([[Sindarin|S.]] ''dûn'') and ''khôr'' "Lord" ([[Quenya|Q.]] ''heru''). It is said that as a title, it signifies [[Manwë]]. Although the name was taken in defiance of [[Quenya]], ironically its elements are said to be of [[Elvish]] origin.<ref>{{webcite||author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|website=Arda|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/adunaic.htm|articlename=Adûnaic - the vernacular of Númenor}}</ref> The meaning of the Adûnaic prefix ''Ar-'' is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it means "king" and is a prefixal form of ''ârû'' ("king") or derived from the same root.<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3166554081.html|articlename=Ad. ''Ar-'' pref.|website=Eldamo|accessed=12 January 2022}}</ref>


Had Ar-Adûnakhôr taken a Quenya name, he would have ruled as Tar-Herunúmen.
''Herunúmen'' is a [[Quenya]] name that means "Lord of the West".<ref name=Ar-Adunakhor/> According to Paul Strack it is a compound of [[heru]] ("lord") and [[númen]] ("west").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-517668579.html|articlename=Q. ''Herunúmen'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=12 January 2022}}</ref> Like for all the rulers of Númenor whose name was inscribed in the Scroll of Kings, the prefix ''tar-'' ("high") was added to his name.<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, first paragraph and entry I to XXV</ref>


==References==
== Genealogy ==
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor]]
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | CAL | | |CAL=[[Tar-Calmacil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2516|n}} - {{SA|2825|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | ARD | | GIM |ARD=[[Tar-Ardamin]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2618|n}} - {{SA|2899|n}}''</small>|GIM=[[Gimilzagar]]<br/><small>''b. {{SA|2630|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ADU | | | | |ADU='''AR-ADÛNAKHÔR'''<br/><small>''{{SA|2709|n}} - {{SA|2962|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ZIM | | | | |ZIM=[[Ar-Zimrathôn]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2798|n}} - {{SA|3033|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | SAK | | | | |SAK=[[Ar-Sakalthôr]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2876|n}} - {{SA|3102|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}


{{sequence
{{References}}
|prev=[[Tar-Ardamin]]
{{seq-start}}
|next=[[Ar-Zimrathôn]]
{{seq-head
|list=20th [[King of Númenor]]<br><code>II</code> 2899 2962
| race=numenorean
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| born={{SA|2709}}
| died={{SA|2962}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Tar-Ardamin]]
| list=20th [[King of Númenor]]
| dates={{SA|2899}} - {{SA|2962|n}}
| next=[[Ar-Zimrathôn]]
}}
}}
{{seq-end}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Adunakhor}}
{{numenorkings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:ArAdunakhor}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:King's Men]]
[[Category:King's Men]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[de:Ar-Adûnakhôr]]
[[de:Ar-Adûnakhôr]]
[[fi:Ar-Adûnakhôr]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/ar-adunakhor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/ar-adunakhor]]
[[fi:Ar-Adûnakhôr]]

Latest revision as of 12:36, 19 March 2022

Ar-Adûnakhôr[1]
Númenórean
Biographical Information
Other namesTar-Herunúmen (Q)[1]
TitlesKing of Númenor
LocationNúmenor
AffiliationKing's Men
LanguageAdûnaic
BirthS.A. 2709[1]
RuleS.A. 2899 - 2962 (63 years)[1]
DeathS.A. 2962[1] (aged 253)
Family
HouseHouse of Elros
ParentageTar-Ardamin[2]
ChildrenAr-Zimrathôn[3]
Physical Description
GenderMale

Ar-Adûnakhôr was the son of King Tar-Ardamin and the twentieth King of Númenor.[1]

History[edit | edit source]

Adûnakhôr was born in a time when most Númenóreans already had stopped using the Elven tongues generations before, although it was still customary for the Kings of Númenor to take their royal names in Quenya.

When Ar-Adûnakhôr succeeded his father, however, he was the first King to break with tradition and took his title in Adûnaic.[4][1] Tar-Herunúmen, a name in Quenya was still recorded in the Scroll of Kings, because the kings feared that a break with this ancient custom could cause evil to befall.[5][1]

His names were perceived as blasphemous and ill-omened[4] by the Faithful Númenóreans, because they mean "Lord of the West", a title that the Faithful only used for one of the Valar, especially Manwë.[1]

During his reign the Elven-tongues were no longer used, nor permitted to be taught, but were maintained in secret by the Faithful. After that elven ships from Tol Eressëa only came seldom and secretly to the west shores of Númenor.[1]

He was succeeded to the throne by his son, Ar-Zimrathôn.[3][6]

Etymology and names[edit | edit source]

Adûnakhôr is an Adûnaic name that means "Lord of the West".[1] It can be analyzed as adûn "West" (S. dûn) and khôr "Lord" (Q. heru). It is said that as a title, it signifies Manwë. Although the name was taken in defiance of Quenya, ironically its elements are said to be of Elvish origin.[7] The meaning of the Adûnaic prefix Ar- is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it means "king" and is a prefixal form of ârû ("king") or derived from the same root.[8]

Herunúmen is a Quenya name that means "Lord of the West".[1] According to Paul Strack it is a compound of heru ("lord") and númen ("west").[9] Like for all the rulers of Númenor whose name was inscribed in the Scroll of Kings, the prefix tar- ("high") was added to his name.[10]

Genealogy[edit | edit source]

 
 
Tar-Calmacil
2516 - 2825
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tar-Ardamin
2618 - 2899
 
Gimilzagar
b. 2630
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AR-ADÛNAKHÔR
2709 - 2962
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ar-Zimrathôn
2798 - 3033
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ar-Sakalthôr
2876 - 3102
 
 
 
 


References

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", entry XX Ar-Adûnakhôr (Tar-Herunúmen)
  2. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", entry XIX Tar-Ardamin
  3. 3.0 3.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", entry XXI Ar-Zimrathôn
  4. 4.0 4.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Númenor", paragraph about king Ar-Adûnakhôr
  5. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Akallabêth: The Downfall of Númenor"
  6. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Númenor", pargraphs with the names of the Kings and Queens of Númenor
  7. Helge Fauskanger, "Adûnaic - the vernacular of Númenor", Ardalambion (accessed 29 March 2024)
  8. Paul Strack, "Ad. Ar- pref.", Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon (accessed 12 January 2022)
  9. Paul Strack, "Q. Herunúmen m.", Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon (accessed 12 January 2022)
  10. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", first paragraph and entry I to XXV
Ar-Adûnakhôr
House of Elros
Born: S.A. 2709 Died: S.A. 2962
Preceded by:
Tar-Ardamin
20th King of Númenor
S.A. 2899 - 2962
Followed by:
Ar-Zimrathôn


Kings of Númenor
Elros Tar-Minyatur (S.A. 32 - 442) · Tar-Vardamir* (442) · Tar-Amandil (442 - 590) · Tar-Elendil (590 - 740) · Tar-Meneldur (740 - 883) · Tar-Aldarion (883 - 1075) · Tar-AncalimëQ (1075 - 1280) · Tar-Anárion (1280 - 1394) · Tar-Súrion (1394 - 1556) · Tar-TelperiënQ (1556 - 1731) · Tar-Minastir (1731 - 1869) · Tar-Ciryatan (1869 - 2029) · Tar-Atanamir (2029 - 2221) · Tar-Ancalimon (2221 - 2386) · Tar-Telemmaitë (2386 - 2526) · Tar-VanimeldëQ (2526 - 2637) · Tar-Anducal (2637 - 2657) · Tar-Alcarin (2657 - 2737) · Tar-Calmacil (2737 - 2825) · Tar-Ardamin (2825 - 2899) · Ar-Adûnakhôr (2899 - 2962) · Ar-Zimrathôn (2962 - 3033) · Ar-Sakalthôr (3033 - 3102) · Ar-Gimilzôr (3102 - 3177) · Tar-Palantir (3177 - 3255) · Ar-Pharazôn (3255 - 3319)
* Immediately abdicated in favour of his son · Q Ruling Queens · Usurped throne. Later struck off the Line of Kings · Usurped throne from his cousin Tar-Míriel