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{{location
{{location infobox
| image=[[Image:Enedwaith map.jpg|250px]]
| name=Enedwaith
| name=Enedwaith
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Enedwaith.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Enedwaith" by Matěj Čadil
| pronun={{respell|eh|ned|weyeth}}
| othernames=Central Wilderness<ref name=n76>{{PM|XNotes}}, note 76</ref>
| location=Between the [[Gwathló]] and the [[Isen]]; south of [[Minhiriath]] and north-west of [[Rohan]]
| type=Region
| type=Region
| location=southeast of [[Minhiriath]], northwest of [[Rohan]]
| description=
| regions=[[Dunland]]
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Men]]
| inhabitants=[[Men]]
| realms=[[Gondor]]<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]
| created=
| description=
| destroyed=
| othernames=
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] "middle-folk" or "middle-region"
| events=
| events=
| references=
}}
|}}
 
[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Enedwaith.jpg|thumb|[[Matěj Čadil]] - 'Enedwaith'']]
'''Enedwaith''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[eˈnedwa͡ɪθ]}}), also spelled '''Enedhwaith''' (pron. {{IPA|[eˈneðwa͡ɪθ]}}), the '''Central Wilderness'''<ref name=n76/>, was a region in [[Eriador]] between the river [[Gwathló]] and the river [[Isen]].
'''Enedwaith''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[eˈnedwa͡ɪθ]}}), also spelled '''Enedhwaith''' (pron. {{IPA|[eˈneðwa͡ɪθ]}}), originally referred to both a region of [[Middle-earth]] and the men that inhabited it, although the region Enedwaith retained that name even when the Enedwaith people were no more.  


==Geography==
==Geography==
Enedwaith can be roughly defined as the region between [[Arnor]] ([[Eriador]]) and the northern parts of [[Gondor]] ([[Calenardhon]]).
Enedwaith was a region between the river Gwathló and the coast of the [[Belegaer]] sea from the mouth of the Gwathló to the mouth of the river Isen in the west, the river [[Glanduin]] in the north, the [[Misty Mountains]] in the east and the river [[Isen]] in the south.<ref name=Glanduin>{{UT|6d}}, discussion of the name ''Glanduin'', first paragraph</ref><ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref> Enedwaith consisted primarily of open plains without mountains.<ref name=GwathloFirst>{{UT|6d}}, discussion of the name Gwathló, first paragraph</ref>


The boundaries of the Enedwaith were defined in the north by the rivers [[Gwathló]] and [[Glanduin]], to the east by the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]], and to the west by [[Belegaer]]. The southern border was less clear, but was probably formed by the river [[Isen]].
==History==
===Earliest inhabitants===
Many of the inhabitants of the forests in Enedwaith were of the same kind as the [[Haladin|Folk of Haleth]], the second folk of the [[Edain]]. They moved westwards later than the Folk of Haleth and had stayed in [[Eriador]] either in settlements or wandering around and had not moved on to [[Beleriand]]. The language of the Folk of Haleth was not related to the language of the [[House of Hador|Folk of Hador]] and the [[House of Bëor|Folk of Bëor]].<ref name=Atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>


==History==
===Second Age===
During the [[First Age|First]] and early [[Second Age]] Enedwaith was deeply forested, but the arrival of the timber-hungry [[Númenóreans]], from the seventh century of the Second Age onwards, devastated the landscape.  
At the time of the explorations of [[Aldarion]], the heir to the throne of [[Númenor]], Enedwaith was covered by an almost continuous forest with the exception of the great fens of the [[Swanfleet]]. The native inhabitants were quite numerous and warlike and lived in scattered communities in the forests without a central leadership. In the beginning the native inhabitants of Enedwaith were in awe of the Númenóreans.<ref name=ThirdParagraph>{{UT|6d}}, discussion of the river Gwathló, third paragraph</ref> Enedwaith was still covered with a dense forest at the time of the earlier settlements of the Númenóreans.<ref name=Atani/>
 
The native inhabitants started to ambush the Númenóreans when the felling of trees by the Númenoreans became devastating to the forests. As a consequence, the Númenóreans treated the native inhabitants as enemies. The natives of Enedwaith that survived the conflicts with the Númenóreans fled into the eastern mountains where afterwards was Dunland.<ref name=ThirdParagraph/>
 
In the time of the Númenórean King [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]], the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] settlers between [[Pelargir]] and the [[Gulf of Lune]] classified the inhabitants of the forests of Minhiriath as [[Men of Darkness|Men of Shadow]] instead of as [[Middle Men]], because of their hostility to the Númenóreans and because the Númenóreans did not recognize them as kinsmen of the Edain, because the language of the inhabitants of the forests of Minhiriath was not related to the languages of the Folk of Hador and the Folk of Beor, which were closely related and from which the [[Adunaic]] language of Númenor was descended.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}, including Note 72</ref>
 
After the establishment of the kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor in {{SA|3320}}, Enedwaith belonged to neither of those two kingdoms.<ref name=Glanduin/>
 
===Third Age===
In the earlier centuries of Arnor and Gondor<ref name=NM>{{NM|P3xxii}}, p. 378</ref><ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, p. 650</ref><ref name=VT>{{VT|42a}}</ref> the region of Enedwaith belonged to neither of those two kingdoms.<ref name=Glanduin/> In those ancient days the Gwathló was the eastern border of Arnor and the Isen was the western border of Gondor.<ref name=Isen>{{UT|11c}}, note to the text, first paragraph</ref> Until the decay of Arnor both kingdoms shared an interest in this region, but were mainly concerned with the building and maintenance of the [[North-South Road]], which was the main route of transport between the two kingsdoms except by sea, and of the bridge at the fortified town and haven of [[Tharbad]] and of the long causeways on which the road ran to Tharbad on either side of the Gwathló across the fens in the plains of Enedwaith.<ref name=Glanduin/> There were no permanent settlements of people of Númenórean origin in Enedwaith,<ref name=Glanduin/> except at Tharbad,<ref name=NM/><ref name=RC/><ref name=VT/> where a large garrison of soliders, mariners, engineers<ref name=Glanduin/> and river-wardens was stationed.<ref name=NM/><ref name=RC/><ref name=VT/> In addition, the drainage works were built and maintained and the banks of the rivers [[Mitheithel]] and Gwathló were strengthened.<ref name=NM/><ref name=RC/><ref name=VT/>


The Enedwaith themselves "were forest dwellers, scattered communities without central leadership." They were distantly related to the [[Haladin]] of old, but this wasn't recognized in time by Númenóreans, who were mainly descended from the First and Third Houses of the [[Edain]], and therefore spoke a language which was not related. The Enedwaith were not ranked as [[Middle Men]], friends and distant kin of the Edain, but were ranked among the "people of darkness", enemies and aliens.
After the decay and receding of the kingdom of Arnor, which had originally included Minhiriath,<ref name=NM/><ref name=RC/><ref name=VT/>, Enedwaith became a part of Gondor during the days of the Kings of Gondor. Like before, Gondor was mainly concerned with the maintenance and patrolling of the North-South-Road.<ref name=Isen/>


The denuded forests of Enedwaith, and much of those to the north in Eriador, were finally destroyed by the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] around {{SA|1700}}, during which much of what had survived the felling was burnt. Only remote corners like [[Eryn Vorn]] survived in Eriador, and the [[Old Forest]] still further north. Many surviving natives took refuge in the eastern highlands of Enedwaith, "the foothills of the Misty Mountains", which ultimately became [[Dunland]].  
After the [[Great Plague]] of {{TA|1636}} the region fell quickly into decay and turned back into wild fenlands long before the War of the Ring.<ref name=Glanduin/> A fairly numerous, barbarous folk<ref name=GwathloSecond/> of [[Drúedain]] continued to live as fishers and fowlers in the marshlands of the mouths of the Gwathló and the Isen<ref name=Isen/> and between the mouths of those rivers<ref name=GwathloSecond/> and the remnants of the people that the Rohirrim later called Dunlendings continued to live in the foothills of the western side of the Misty Mountains<ref name=Isen/> in the east of Enedwaith.<ref name=GwathloSecond/>


After {{SA|3320}}, Enedwaith formed the most northern part of the new Kingdom of [[Gondor]], at least officially. The south-east was still "in places well-wooded", but elsewhere Enedwaith was by this time "mostly grassland."
After the death of the last king of [[Arthedain]], [[Arvedui]] and the end of the kingdom of Arthedain, in {{TA|1975}},<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 1975</ref> and the death of the last king of Gondor, [[Eärnur]], in {{TA|2050}},<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2050</ref> the weakened realm of Gondor retreated from Enedwaith and the Isen and the Gap of [[Calenardhon]] became the western border of Gondor. As a consequence, the Dunlendings of Enedwaith ceased to be subjects of Gondor.<ref name=Isen/>


Enedwaith was said not to belong to either [[Arnor]] or [[Gondor]], sharing an interest in that region, populated by mariners, engineers and military garrisons until the 17th century<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
After the [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]] of {{TA|2911}},<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2911, p. 1089</ref> Enedwaith was devasted by great floods and the city of [[Tharbad]] was ruined and deserted in {{TA|2912}}.<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2912, p. 1089</ref>


Following the [[Great Plague]] in {{TA|1636}} the region fell quickly into decay; and back into wild fenlands<ref name="Galadriel"/> however, Gondor's authority permanently lapsed throughout the region. At some point the [[Isen]] marked the western bounds of Gondor but it was of little concern other than the patrolling and upkeep of the great [[Royal Road]]<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>
At the time of the [[War of the Ring]] the south-east of Enedwaith was still in places well-wooded, but most of the plains were grasslands.<ref name=GwathloSecond>{{UT|6d}}, discussion of the name Gwathló, second paragraph</ref>


[[Tharbad]], originally one of two ancient cities on the Gwathló, and the only one to survive beyond the early [[Third Age]], was finally abandoned following devastating floods in {{TA|2912}}, and thereafter, only two groups survived in Enedwaith: the [[Dunlendings]] in the far east, and a "fairly numerous but barbarous fisher-folk" wandering the coast.
After the War of the Ring at the end of the [[Third Age]], the North-kingdom of Arnor was reestablished by [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}, p. 1042</ref> It is probable that Enedwaith was resettled, because [[Gandalf]] announced that the Greenway would be opened again, that there would be people and fields where there was wilderness before and that there would be room enough for people between the Isen and the Greyflood.<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}, p. 993</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Also spelled Enedhwaith. The name Enedwaith means "middle folk" or "middle region" in [[Sindarin]] from ''[[enedh]]'' meaning "middle" and ''[[gwaith]]'' which means "people" but is also used for regions.
''Enedwaith'' is a [[Sindarin]] name.<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-2452686109.html|articlename=S. ''Enedwaith'' pn.|website=Eldamo|accessed=15 March 2022}}</ref> It means "middle-region" or "middle-people".<ref name=Letter168>{{L|168}}}</ref> It contains the element ''ened(h)'' ("middle, centre").<ref name=Letter168/> Its second element is the probably [[Lenition|lenited]] form ''waith''<ref name=Eldamo/> of ''[[gwaith]]'' ("people").<ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''gwaith''</ref>
 
The form ''Enedwaith'' appears in the [[General Map of Middle-earth]], but [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] suggested ''Enedhwaith'' in his annotations to [[Pauline Baynes]].<ref>{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed/|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|website=The Tolkien Society|accessed=5 August 2018}}</ref>
 
While writing ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' Tolkien typed ''Enedwaith'' and subsequently added ''h'' manually on the typed text, until he started typing ''Enedhwaith'' which he maintained in ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. [[Christopher Tolkien]] preferred the spelling ''Enedwaith'' for the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' for agreement with the published ''[[Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, note 66</ref>
 
==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Enedwaith map.jpg|thumb|Map of Enedwaith from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''.]]
'''2010: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The game's Enedwaith region encompasses the north-eastern part of that land, between [[Eregion]] and [[Dunland]]. It is a mysterious place, haunted by spirits, though it is also inhabited by [[Dunlendings|Dunlending]] outliers called "Algraig", as well as a village of [[Stoors]]. "Thrór's Coomb" in the [[Misty Mountains]] is where the [[Longbeards]] settled for a time during their exile.


:The territory just east of the [[Gwathló]] and [[Tharbad]], south of "Western Eregion", and surrounding the [[Old South Road]] is considered part of the [[Swanfleet]] region.
{{references}}
{{references}}
{{navigation
{{navigation
| title=Enedwaith
| title=Enedwaith
| north-west=[[Minhiriath]]
| north-west=[[Minhiriath]]
| north=[[Eriador]]
| north=[[Eregion]]
| north-east=[[Dunland]]
| north-east=[[Lothlórien]]
| west=The [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]
| west=[[Belegaer]]
| east=[[Grey Mountains]]
| east=[[Misty Mountains]]
| south-west=The [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]
| south-west=[[Belegaer]]
| south=[[Gondor]]
| south=[[Gondor]]
| south-east=[[Rohan]]
| south-east=[[Rohan]]
}}
}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Pre-Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Pre-Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

Revision as of 22:56, 24 November 2022

"I shan't call it the end, till we've cleared up the mess." — Sam
This article or section needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of article quality.
Enedwaith
Region
Matěj Čadil - Enedwaith.jpg
"Enedwaith" by Matěj Čadil
General Information
Pronunciationeh-ned-weyeth
Other namesCentral Wilderness[1]
LocationBetween the Gwathló and the Isen; south of Minhiriath and north-west of Rohan
TypeRegion
RegionsDunland
InhabitantsMen
GalleryImages of Enedwaith

Enedwaith (S, pron. [eˈnedwa͡ɪθ]), also spelled Enedhwaith (pron. [eˈneðwa͡ɪθ]), the Central Wilderness[1], was a region in Eriador between the river Gwathló and the river Isen.

Geography

Enedwaith was a region between the river Gwathló and the coast of the Belegaer sea from the mouth of the Gwathló to the mouth of the river Isen in the west, the river Glanduin in the north, the Misty Mountains in the east and the river Isen in the south.[2][3] Enedwaith consisted primarily of open plains without mountains.[4]

History

Earliest inhabitants

Many of the inhabitants of the forests in Enedwaith were of the same kind as the Folk of Haleth, the second folk of the Edain. They moved westwards later than the Folk of Haleth and had stayed in Eriador either in settlements or wandering around and had not moved on to Beleriand. The language of the Folk of Haleth was not related to the language of the Folk of Hador and the Folk of Bëor.[5]

Second Age

At the time of the explorations of Aldarion, the heir to the throne of Númenor, Enedwaith was covered by an almost continuous forest with the exception of the great fens of the Swanfleet. The native inhabitants were quite numerous and warlike and lived in scattered communities in the forests without a central leadership. In the beginning the native inhabitants of Enedwaith were in awe of the Númenóreans.[6] Enedwaith was still covered with a dense forest at the time of the earlier settlements of the Númenóreans.[5]

The native inhabitants started to ambush the Númenóreans when the felling of trees by the Númenoreans became devastating to the forests. As a consequence, the Númenóreans treated the native inhabitants as enemies. The natives of Enedwaith that survived the conflicts with the Númenóreans fled into the eastern mountains where afterwards was Dunland.[6]

In the time of the Númenórean King Ar-Adûnakhôr, the Númenórean settlers between Pelargir and the Gulf of Lune classified the inhabitants of the forests of Minhiriath as Men of Shadow instead of as Middle Men, because of their hostility to the Númenóreans and because the Númenóreans did not recognize them as kinsmen of the Edain, because the language of the inhabitants of the forests of Minhiriath was not related to the languages of the Folk of Hador and the Folk of Beor, which were closely related and from which the Adunaic language of Númenor was descended.[7]

After the establishment of the kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor in S.A. 3320, Enedwaith belonged to neither of those two kingdoms.[2]

Third Age

In the earlier centuries of Arnor and Gondor[8][9][10] the region of Enedwaith belonged to neither of those two kingdoms.[2] In those ancient days the Gwathló was the eastern border of Arnor and the Isen was the western border of Gondor.[11] Until the decay of Arnor both kingdoms shared an interest in this region, but were mainly concerned with the building and maintenance of the North-South Road, which was the main route of transport between the two kingsdoms except by sea, and of the bridge at the fortified town and haven of Tharbad and of the long causeways on which the road ran to Tharbad on either side of the Gwathló across the fens in the plains of Enedwaith.[2] There were no permanent settlements of people of Númenórean origin in Enedwaith,[2] except at Tharbad,[8][9][10] where a large garrison of soliders, mariners, engineers[2] and river-wardens was stationed.[8][9][10] In addition, the drainage works were built and maintained and the banks of the rivers Mitheithel and Gwathló were strengthened.[8][9][10]

After the decay and receding of the kingdom of Arnor, which had originally included Minhiriath,[8][9][10], Enedwaith became a part of Gondor during the days of the Kings of Gondor. Like before, Gondor was mainly concerned with the maintenance and patrolling of the North-South-Road.[11]

After the Great Plague of T.A. 1636 the region fell quickly into decay and turned back into wild fenlands long before the War of the Ring.[2] A fairly numerous, barbarous folk[12] of Drúedain continued to live as fishers and fowlers in the marshlands of the mouths of the Gwathló and the Isen[11] and between the mouths of those rivers[12] and the remnants of the people that the Rohirrim later called Dunlendings continued to live in the foothills of the western side of the Misty Mountains[11] in the east of Enedwaith.[12]

After the death of the last king of Arthedain, Arvedui and the end of the kingdom of Arthedain, in T.A. 1975,[13] and the death of the last king of Gondor, Eärnur, in T.A. 2050,[14] the weakened realm of Gondor retreated from Enedwaith and the Isen and the Gap of Calenardhon became the western border of Gondor. As a consequence, the Dunlendings of Enedwaith ceased to be subjects of Gondor.[11]

After the Fell Winter of T.A. 2911,[15] Enedwaith was devasted by great floods and the city of Tharbad was ruined and deserted in T.A. 2912.[16]

At the time of the War of the Ring the south-east of Enedwaith was still in places well-wooded, but most of the plains were grasslands.[12]

After the War of the Ring at the end of the Third Age, the North-kingdom of Arnor was reestablished by Aragorn II.[17] It is probable that Enedwaith was resettled, because Gandalf announced that the Greenway would be opened again, that there would be people and fields where there was wilderness before and that there would be room enough for people between the Isen and the Greyflood.[18]

Etymology

Enedwaith is a Sindarin name.[19] It means "middle-region" or "middle-people".[20] It contains the element ened(h) ("middle, centre").[20] Its second element is the probably lenited form waith[19] of gwaith ("people").[21]

The form Enedwaith appears in the General Map of Middle-earth, but J.R.R. Tolkien suggested Enedhwaith in his annotations to Pauline Baynes.[22]

While writing Of Dwarves and Men Tolkien typed Enedwaith and subsequently added h manually on the typed text, until he started typing Enedhwaith which he maintained in The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor. Christopher Tolkien preferred the spelling Enedwaith for the Unfinished Tales for agreement with the published Lord of the Rings.[23]

Portrayal in adaptations

Map of Enedwaith from The Lord of the Rings Online.

2010: The Lord of the Rings Online:

The game's Enedwaith region encompasses the north-eastern part of that land, between Eregion and Dunland. It is a mysterious place, haunted by spirits, though it is also inhabited by Dunlending outliers called "Algraig", as well as a village of Stoors. "Thrór's Coomb" in the Misty Mountains is where the Longbeards settled for a time during their exile.
The territory just east of the Gwathló and Tharbad, south of "Western Eregion", and surrounding the Old South Road is considered part of the Swanfleet region.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "X. Of Dwarves and Men", "Notes", note 76
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn", "Appendix D: The Port of Lond Daer", discussion of the name Glanduin, first paragraph
  3. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, "The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age" [map]
  4. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn", "Appendix D: The Port of Lond Daer", discussion of the name Gwathló, first paragraph
  5. 5.0 5.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "X. Of Dwarves and Men", "The Atani and their Languages"
  6. 6.0 6.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn", "Appendix D: The Port of Lond Daer", discussion of the river Gwathló, third paragraph
  7. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "X. Of Dwarves and Men", "The Atani and their Languages", including Note 72
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 J.R.R. Tolkien, Carl F. Hostetter (ed.), The Nature of Middle-earth, "Part Three. The World, its Lands, and its Inhabitants: XXII. The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor", p. 378
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 650
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 J.R.R. Tolkien, "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor" (edited by Carl F. Hostetter), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 42, July 2001
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Battles of the Fords of Isen", "Appendix (ii)", note to the text, first paragraph
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn", "Appendix D: The Port of Lond Daer", discussion of the name Gwathló, second paragraph
  13. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age", entry for the year 1975
  14. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age", entry for the year 2050
  15. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age", entry for the year 2911, p. 1089
  16. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age", entry for the year 2912, p. 1089
  17. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Eriador, Arnor, and the Heirs of Isildur", p. 1042
  18. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "Homeward Bound", p. 993
  19. 19.0 19.1 Paul Strack, "S. Enedwaith pn.", Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon (accessed 15 March 2022)
  20. 20.0 20.1 J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 168, (dated 7 September 1955)}
  21. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Appendix: Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names", entry gwaith
  22. Daniel Helen, "Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed" dated 10 November 2015, The Tolkien Society (accessed 5 August 2018)
  23. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "X. Of Dwarves and Men", "Notes", note 66
Enedwaith
Minhiriath Eregion Lothlórien
Belegaer WindRose3.pngMisty Mountains
Belegaer Gondor Rohan