User:Sage/PQ/-rô: Difference between revisions

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Its feminine counterpart was ''[[-rî]], [[-rê]]''.
Its feminine counterpart was ''[[-rî]], [[-rê]]''.


''-rô'' was usually suffixed to a word root with or without n-infixion, and produce the word. The short form ''-ro'' is used after a suffixed [[ómataina|stem-vowel]]; a possible exception to this was ''[[kwentro]]'' instead of *''kwetro'' or *''kwentrô''. In a few cases, it seems to be suffixed to a verb stem.
''-rô'' was usually suffixed to a word root with or without [[n-infixion]], and produce the word. The short form ''-ro'' is used after a suffixed [[ómataina|stem-vowel]]; a possible exception to this was ''[[kwentro]]'' instead of *''kwetro'' or *''kwentrô''. In a few cases, it seems to be suffixed to a verb stem.


The ending was frequently extended with [[-ondô]], like ''[[lansrondo]], [[kalro]]-ndo''.
The ending was frequently extended with [[-ondô]], like ''[[lansrondo]], [[kalro]]-ndo''.
==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Perhaps it is related to ''[[sô]], so'' "he". In later [[Quenya]], the sound ''r'' is related to ''s'' and it's possible that this connection existed even back in Primitive Elvish.
It is perhaps the masculine version of the adjectival ending '''''[[-râ]]'''''. Definitely it contains the simple masculine ending ''[[-ô]], -o''.  


''[[-rô]]'' was perhaps related to ''[[-nô]]'', another coexisting agentival ending and the two were perhaps sometimes interchangeable, as seen with the alternate forms ''[[stabrô]]/[[stabnô]]''.
''[[-rô]]'' was perhaps related to ''[[-nô]]'', another coexisting agentival ending and the two were perhaps sometimes interchangeable, as seen with the alternate forms ''[[stabrô]]/[[stabnô]]''.
 
Definitely it contains the simple masculine ending ''[[-ô]], -o'', also often having agentival meaning.


==Derivatives==
==Derivatives==
In [[Quenya]] (and likely also in [[Telerin]]) ''-rô/-ro'' were to be seen as the ending(s) ''[[-ro]]/-r'', since the final short vowels of Primitive Elvish were lost, and the long vowels were shortened.
In [[Quenya]] (and likely also in [[Telerin]]) ''-rô/-ro'' were to be seen as the ending(s) '''''[[-ro]]/-r''''', since the final short vowels of Primitive Elvish were lost, and the long vowels were shortened.


In [[Sindarin]] things were a bit more complicated, as the final vowel was lost in all cases; this bought a final ''-r'' adjacent to a consonant (eg. ''[[tamrô]] > *tamhr'') and as a reaction, a vowel evolved between them to make the word pronounceable, resulting thus in the ending ''-or''<ref>http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/sindarin.htm#syllables</ref> (hence *''tamhr > [[tavor]]'').  
In [[Sindarin]] things were a bit more complicated, as the final vowel was lost in all cases ([[apocope]]); this bought a final ''-r'' adjacent to a consonant (eg. ''[[tamrô]] > *taṃr'') and as a reaction, a vowel evolved between them to make the word pronounceable, resulting thus in the ending '''''-or'''''<ref>http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/sindarin.htm#syllables</ref> (hence *''taṃr > [[tavor]]'').  


In other cases, the extended form ''-rondô'' was preferred in the Sindarin branch, which allowed the word preserve the ending ''-ron''.
In other cases, the extended form ''-rondô'' was preferred in the Sindarin branch, which allowed the word preserve the more distinct ending ''-ron''.


==Examples==
==Examples==
*[[Abarô]]/Abaro ([[ABA]]) > Q. [[Avar]]
*[[Abarô]]/Abaro ([[ABA]]) > Q. [[Avar]] S. [[Abóro]] > Avar
*[[beurô]] ([[BEW]]) > T. [[búro]] S. [[beor]] > byr
*[[beurô]] ([[BEW]]) > T. [[búro]] S. [[beor]] > byr
*[[kalrô]] ([[KAL]]) > Q. [[callo]] S. [[callon]] (from ''[[kalrondô]]'')
*[[kalrô]] ([[KAL]]) > Q. [[callo]] S. [[callon]] (from ''[[kalrondô]]'')
*[[kwentro]] ([[KWET]]) > Q. [[quentaro]] S. [[pethron]], [[pindor]]
*[[kwentro]] ([[KWET]]) > Q. [[quentaro]] S. [[pethron]] (*''kwentrondô''), [[pindor]]
*[[ndêro]] (N-[[DER]]) > Q. [[nér]] S. [[dîr]]
*[[ndeuro]] ([[NDEW]]) > Q. [[neuro]] S. [[dior]]
*[[ndeuro]] ([[NDEW]]) > Q. [[neuro]] S. [[dior]]
*[[njadrô]] ([[NYAD]]) > Q. [[nyarro]] S. [[nâr]]
*[[njadrô]] ([[NYAD]]) > Q. [[nyarro]] S. [[nâr]]
*[[onrô]] ([[ONO]]) >  S. [[odhron]] (from *''onrondô'')
*[[onrô]] ([[ONO]]) >  S. [[odhron]] (*''onrondô'')
*[[stabrô]] ([[STAB]]) > S. [[thavron]], [[thavon]] (from alt. ''[[stabnô]]'')
*[[stabrô]] ([[STAB]]) > S. [[thavron]] (*''stabrondô''), [[thavon]] (from alt. ''[[stabnô]]'')
*[[tamrô]] ([[TAM]]) > Q. [[tambaro]] S. [[tavor]]
*[[tamrô]] ([[TAM]]) > Q. [[tambaro]] S. [[tavor]]
*[[târo]] ([[TAȜ]]) > Q. [[tár]], [[tar]] S. [[taur]], [[tôr]]
*[[târo]] ([[TAȜ]]) > Q. [[tár]], [[tar]] S. [[taur]], [[tôr]]
*[[wanôrô]] ([[ONO]]) > Q. [[onóro]], S. [[wanúro]], [[gwanur]]
*[[wanôrô]] ([[ONO]]) > Q. [[onóro]], S. [[wanúro]] > [[gwanur]]
===Hypothetical examples===
===Hypothetical examples===
The Primitive words below are unattested but can be easily deduced by Quenya and Sindarin words. Note however it's possible that most of these words did not exist in Primitive Elvish but were coined later; eg. in early [[Quendya]] or [[Old Sindarin]].
The Primitive words below are unattested but can be easily deduced by Quenya and Sindarin words. Note however that possibly most of these words did not exist in Primitive Elvish but would be coined later; eg. in [[Quendya|early Quenya]] or [[Old Sindarin|early Sindarin]].
*ataro ([[ATA]]) > Q. [[atar]] S. [[adar]]
*ataro ([[ATA]]) > Q. [[atar]] S. [[adar]]
*badro ([[MBAD]]) > S. [[badhor]]
*etledrô ([[LED]]) > S. [[etledro]] > [[edledhron]]
*bakhro ([[MBAKH]]) > S. [[bachor]]
*kaprô ([[KAP]]) > S. [[cabor]]
*kaprô ([[KAP]]) > S. [[cabor]]
*khatrô ([[KHAT]]) > S. [[hador]]
*khatrô ([[KHAT]]) > S. [[hador]] or [[hadron]] (*''khatrondô'')
*lansrô ([[LAS]]) > S. [[lathron]] (''[[lansrondô]]'')
*makrô ([[MAK]]) > Q. [[macar]] S. [[magor]]
*makrô ([[MAK]]) > Q. [[macar]] S. [[magor]]
*Ñgolrô ([[ÑGOL]]) > S. [[gollor]]
*mbadro ([[MBAD]]) > S. [[badhor]] or [[badhron]] (*''mbadrondô'')
*mbakhro ([[MBAKH]]) > S. [[bachor]]
*ndakrô ([[NDAK]]) > S. [[ndakro]], [[dagor]]
*ñgolrô ([[ÑGOL]]) > S. [[gollor]]
*ok'taro ([[KOT]]H) > Q. [[ohtar]]
*ok'taro ([[KOT]]H) > Q. [[ohtar]]
*telero ([[TELE]]) > Q/S. [[teler]]
*telero ([[TELE]]) > Q/S. [[teler]]


Finally, there are some words whose forms suggest that their stem is verbal, not the [[sundocarme]]; again, it's possible that these words were coined later and did not exist in Primitive Elvish:
Finally, there are some words whose forms suggest that their stem is verbal, not the [[sundocarme]]; ''[[ontâro]]'' is such a form (cf. [[onrô]] of the same root). Again, it's possible that the rest of the words were coined later, or formed by analogy, and did not exist in Primitive Elvish:


*[[ontâro]] (*[[onta|ontâ]]- "to beget") > Q. [[ontar]]
*[[ontâro]] (*[[onta|ontâ]]- "to beget") > Q. [[ontar]]
*maktârô (*[[mahta|maktâ]]- "to fight") > Q. [[mahtar]] S. [[maethor]]
*maktâro ([[maktâ]]- "to wield a weapon") > Q. [[mahtar]] S. [[maethor]]
*nektâro (*[[nahta|naktâ]]- "to slay") > Q. [[nehtar]]
*nektâro (*[[nahta|naktâ]]- "to slay") > Q. [[nehtar]]
*tambarô ([[tambâ]]- "to knock" ) > Q. [[tambaro]]


==Words that do NOT contain -rô==
==Words that do NOT contain -rô==
*[[berô]] ([[BER]])
*[[berô]] ([[BER]])
*[[ndêro]] (N-[[DER]]/[[NÊR]]) > Q. [[nér]] S. [[dîr]]
*[[tawarô]]/tawaro ([[TAWAR]])
*[[tawarô]]/tawaro ([[TAWAR]])
*[[tûrô]]/turo ([[TUR]])
*[[tûrô]]/turo ([[TUR]])
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*[[-rdo]]
*[[-rdo]]
{{references}}
{{references}}
[[category:Primitive Elvish]]
<!--[[Category:Primitive Elvish]]-->

Latest revision as of 20:20, 22 December 2011

-rô and -ro are masculine endings in Primitive Elvish which indicate agentival formations[1] or just masculine endings.

Its feminine counterpart was -rî, -rê.

-rô was usually suffixed to a word root with or without n-infixion, and produce the word. The short form -ro is used after a suffixed stem-vowel; a possible exception to this was kwentro instead of *kwetro or *kwentrô. In a few cases, it seems to be suffixed to a verb stem.

The ending was frequently extended with -ondô, like lansrondo, kalro-ndo.

Etymology[edit | edit source]

It is perhaps the masculine version of the adjectival ending -râ. Definitely it contains the simple masculine ending , -o.

-rô was perhaps related to -nô, another coexisting agentival ending and the two were perhaps sometimes interchangeable, as seen with the alternate forms stabrô/stabnô.

Derivatives[edit | edit source]

In Quenya (and likely also in Telerin) -rô/-ro were to be seen as the ending(s) -ro/-r, since the final short vowels of Primitive Elvish were lost, and the long vowels were shortened.

In Sindarin things were a bit more complicated, as the final vowel was lost in all cases (apocope); this bought a final -r adjacent to a consonant (eg. tamrô > *taṃr) and as a reaction, a vowel evolved between them to make the word pronounceable, resulting thus in the ending -or[2] (hence *taṃr > tavor).

In other cases, the extended form -rondô was preferred in the Sindarin branch, which allowed the word preserve the more distinct ending -ron.

Examples[edit | edit source]

Hypothetical examples[edit | edit source]

The Primitive words below are unattested but can be easily deduced by Quenya and Sindarin words. Note however that possibly most of these words did not exist in Primitive Elvish but would be coined later; eg. in early Quenya or early Sindarin.

Finally, there are some words whose forms suggest that their stem is verbal, not the sundocarme; ontâro is such a form (cf. onrô of the same root). Again, it's possible that the rest of the words were coined later, or formed by analogy, and did not exist in Primitive Elvish:

Words that do NOT contain -rô[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Other agentive suffixes are

References