The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)

The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)
Author	J.R.R. Tolkien
Publisher	Houghton Mifflin
Released	21 October, 2004
Format	Hardcover
Pages	xxi + 1184
ISBN	978-0618517657

The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition) was published in 21 October, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin.

Features

• Leather Bound
• Slipcase
• Gilded pages
• Two fold-out maps
• Ribbon bookmark
• Colored inserts of the Book of Mazarbul by J.R.R. Tolkien
• Dimensions 15.7 x 10 x 2.7 inches
• Weight 4.6 pounds

Background

The text of The Lord of the Rings has been revised and corrected multiple times throughout its several publications and editions, but new errors, mainly typographical, always have been introduced, especially after each resetting of type; notable cases were when the printer reset the metal types of The Fellowship of the Ring soon after its publication, and in 1994 when HarperCollins digitized the text. New errors are introduced

Both J.R.R. Tolkien and his son, Christopher Tolkien, had prepared lists of such errors to guide emendations for future editions. Steven M. Frisby had also made comparisons of different LotR copies, and researched Tolkien's original manuscripts in the libraries at the Marquette University. David Bratman also authored A Corrigenda to The Lord of the Rings in The Tolkien Collector #6. Similar lists and comments have been made independently by scholars such as Douglas Anderson, Charles Noad and Arden Smith.

Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull for many years also studied and compared the texts and their inconsistencies. Consulting the abovementioned works, along with their own examination of the Marquette manuscripts, the Allen and Unwin archive, unpublished correspondence between Tolkien and Allen & Unwin, and of course volumes 6-9 of The History of Middle-earth, they had compiled "an exhaustive and up to date catalogue" of errors, corrections and their emendations throughout the publication's history.

For the 50th anniversary, the couple proposed a new effort to produce a text as close as possible to the authorial intent. Tolkien's publishers and the Tolkien Estate agreed. HarperCollins provided searchable text files that helped detect inconsistencies in spelling and punctuation, despite Tolkien's stated preferences. They presented 229 such questionable points to Christopher Tolkien.

Supervised by Christopher Tolkien, and based on the latest compared text, the couple made fixes to typographical errors and mistakes, and corrections to the text when it was certain that the latest text reflected Tolkien's preference. Whenever those were clear, spelling and capitalization were regularized. More substantial textual mistakes (see below) were conservatively considered by case. Christopher Tolkien was positive in "getting rid" of such inconsistencies that distract observant readers, pointing out that were his father notified about them, he would immediately correct them.

An example of textual mistake has been the phrase "from the lowlands to the Dwarf-kingdom" (Book II, Chapter 6) which has been changed to "from the lowlands of the Dwarf-kingdom" in a subsequent edition (whereas Moria had no lowlands); the couple restored it to its original correct form.

Some mistakes that the editors failed to notice, or new ones introduced by bugs of the software, were further corrected for the 2005 reprint.

Changes to the text

Prologue

• Bandobras Took now is the grandson of Isengrim Took II according to Appendix C.
• The Westmarch was added to the Shire in S.R. 1452 according to Appendix B.

The Fellowship of the Ring

• The distance between the Brandywine Ferry to the Brandywine Bridge has been corrected to ten instead of twenty.
• The ponies Fredegar Bolger prepared for the travelers was changed to five instead of six.

Appendix A

• Haudh en Gwanur becomes Haudh in Gwanûr.

Several dates in the Tale of Years

• Silmariën's birth: from S.A. 548 to S.A. 521.
• The events of T.A. 2852, like the death of the Dead Tree, have been corrected to T.A. 2872.
• Sam Gamgee's birth: from T.A. 2983 to T.A. 2980
• The Mirror of Galadriel sequence happened on 15 February instead of 16.

Appendix C is appended with two more Family Trees from The Peoples of Middle-earth

• Bolger of Budgeford
• Boffin of the Yale

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